Dorothy Hodgkin
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Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin was an English chemist who advanced the technique of X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of biomolecules, which became essential for structural biology. She
Dorothy Hodgkin Nobel
Dorothy Hodgkin as Chancellor of the University of Bristol
Order of Merit insignia of Dorothy Hodgkin, displayed in the Royal Society, London
Penicillin
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Penicillins are a group of β-lactam antibiotics originally obtained from Penicillium moulds, principally P. chrysogenum and P. rubens. Eight species of Penicillium, in the section Chrysogena, produce
Dorothy Hodgkin
…the only British woman scientist to have been awarded a Nobel Prize. Among her most influential discoveries are the confirmation of the structure of penicillin as previously surmised by Edward Abraham and Ernst Boris Chain; and mapping the structure of vitamin B12, for which in 1964 she became the third woman…
Sample of penicillium mould presented by Alexander Fleming to Douglas Macleod, 1935
Howard Florey (pictured), Alexander Fleming and Ernst Chain shared a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 for their work on penicillin.
A lab technician spraying penicillin mould into flasks of corn steep liquor, England, 1943
A World War II-era poster from a construction site for a penicillin factory. A military grave emphasizes the site's importance, as penicillin was urgently needed in wartime.