1.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
Maryland
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The states largest city is Baltimore, and its capital is Annapolis. Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State, the Free State, the state is named after Henrietta Maria of France, the wife of Charles I of England. George Calvert was the first Lord of Baltimore and the first English proprietor of the colonial grant. Maryland was the state to ratify the United States Constitution. Maryland is one of the smallest U. S. states in terms of area, as well as one of the most densely populated, Maryland has an area of 12,406.68 square miles and is comparable in overall area with Belgium. It is the 42nd largest and 9th smallest state and is closest in size to the state of Hawaii, the next largest state, its neighbor West Virginia, is almost twice the size of Maryland. Maryland possesses a variety of topography within its borders, contributing to its nickname America in Miniature. The mid-portion of this border is interrupted by Washington, D. C. which sits on land that was part of Montgomery and Prince Georges counties and including the town of Georgetown. This land was ceded to the United States Federal Government in 1790 to form the District of Columbia, the Chesapeake Bay nearly bisects the state and the counties east of the bay are known collectively as the Eastern Shore. Close to the town of Hancock, in western Maryland, about two-thirds of the way across the state. This geographical curiosity makes Maryland the narrowest state, bordered by the Mason–Dixon line to the north, portions of Maryland are included in various official and unofficial geographic regions. Much of the Baltimore–Washington corridor lies just south of the Piedmont in the Coastal Plain, earthquakes in Maryland are infrequent and small due to the states distance from seismic/earthquake zones. The M5.8 Virginia earthquake in 2011 was felt moderately throughout Maryland, buildings in the state are not well-designed for earthquakes and can suffer damage easily. The lack of any glacial history accounts for the scarcity of Marylands natural lakes, laurel Oxbow Lake is an over one-hundred-year-old 55-acre natural lake two miles north of Maryland City and adjacent to Russett. Chews Lake is a natural lake two miles south-southeast of Upper Marlboro. There are numerous lakes, the largest of them being the Deep Creek Lake. Maryland has shale formations containing natural gas, where fracking is theoretically possible, as is typical of states on the East Coast, Marylands plant life is abundant and healthy. Middle Atlantic coastal forests, typical of the southeastern Atlantic coastal plain, grow around Chesapeake Bay, moving west, a mixture of Northeastern coastal forests and Southeastern mixed forests cover the central part of the state
4.
Baltimore
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Baltimore is the largest city in the U. S. state of Maryland, and the 29th-most populous city in the country. It was established by the Constitution of Maryland and is not part of any county, thus, it is the largest independent city in the United States, with a population of 621,849 as of 2015. As of 2010, the population of the Baltimore Metropolitan Area was 2.7 million, founded in 1729, Baltimore is the second largest seaport in the Mid-Atlantic. Baltimores Inner Harbor was once the leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States. With hundreds of identified districts, Baltimore has been dubbed a city of neighborhoods, in the War of 1812, Francis Scott Key wrote The Star-Spangled Banner, later the American national anthem, in Baltimore. More than 65,000 properties, or roughly one in three buildings in the city, are listed on the National Register, more than any city in the nation. The city has 289 properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the historical records of the government of Baltimore are located at the Baltimore City Archives. The city is named after Cecil Calvert, second Lord Baltimore, of the Irish House of Lords, Baltimore Manor was the name of the estate in County Longford on which the Calvert family lived in Ireland. Baltimore is an anglicization of the Irish name Baile an Tí Mhóir, in 1608, Captain John Smith traveled 210 miles from Jamestown to the uppermost Chesapeake Bay, leading the first European expedition to the Patapsco River. The name Patapsco is derived from pota-psk-ut, which translates to backwater or tide covered with froth in Algonquian dialect, a quarter century after John Smiths voyage, English colonists began to settle in Maryland. The area constituting the modern City of Baltimore and its area was first settled by David Jones in 1661. He claimed the area today as Harbor East on the east bank of the Jones Falls stream. In the early 1600s, the immediate Baltimore vicinity was populated, if at all. The Baltimore area had been inhabited by Native Americans since at least the 10th millennium BC, one Paleo-Indian site and several Archaic period and Woodland period archaeological sites have been identified in Baltimore, including four from the Late Woodland period. During the Late Woodland period, the culture that is called the Potomac Creek complex resided in the area from Baltimore to the Rappahannock River in Virginia. It was located on the Bush River on land that in 1773 became part of Harford County, in 1674, the General Assembly passed An Act for erecting a Court-house and Prison in each County within this Province. The site of the house and jail for Baltimore County was evidently Old Baltimore near the Bush River. In 1683, the General Assembly passed An Act for Advancement of Trade to establish towns, ports, one of the towns established by the act in Baltimore County was on Bush River, on Town Land, near the Court-House
5.
Central business district
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A central business district is the commercial and business centre of a city. In larger cities, it is synonymous with the citys financial district. Both the CBD and the city centre or downtown may also coincide with the central activities district, a citys CBD is usually typified by a concentration of retail and office buildings. The CBD usually has a density higher than the surrounding districts of the city. The CBD is often also the city centre or downtown, Mexico City also has a historic city centre, the colonial-era Centro Histórico, along with two CBDs, the mid-late 20th century Paseo de la Reforma - Polanco, and the new Santa Fe. The shape and type of a CBD almost always reflect the citys history. Cities with maximum building height restrictions often have a historic section quite apart from the financial. It has been said that downtowns are therefore distinct from both CBDs and city centres. CBDs usually have very small resident populations, for example, the population of the City of London declined from over 200,000 in the year 1700 to less than 10,000 today. In some instances, however, CBD populations are increasing as younger professional, the Buenos Aires Central Business District, is the main commercial centre of Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina. The actual area was the point of first European settlement and its north-south axis runs from Monserrat in the south to Retiro railway station in the north. Its east-west axis runs from Buenos Aires Ecological Reserve and Puerto Madero, the district is the financial, commercial, and cultural hub of Argentina. Its port is one of the busiest in South America, navigable rivers by way of the Río de la Plata connect the port to northeast Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Paraguay. As a result, it serves as the hub for a vast area of the southeastern region of the South American continent. Tax collection related to the port has caused political problems in the past. The Buenos Aires Human Development Index is likewise high by international standards, the term is used to refer to the business and financial area of a state capital city such as the Sydney CBD, Melbourne CBD, Brisbane CBD, Perth CBD and Adelaide CBD. The city centres of some cities, such as Townsville, Bendigo. More recently, in cities the city centre, which may or may not be distinct from the CBD, is increasingly separately identified
6.
Interstate 395 (Maryland)
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Interstate 395 is an Interstate Highway in the U. S. state of Maryland. Known as Cal Ripken Way, the highway runs 1.33 miles from I-95 north to Howard Street and Camden Street in Baltimore. I-395 is a spur heads north from I-95 over the Middle Branch of the Patapsco River toward Downtown Baltimore, where it provides access to the Inner Harbor. The Interstate also serves the Camden Yards Sports Complex, which contains M&T Bank Stadium and Oriole Park at Camden Yards, homes of the Baltimore Ravens and Baltimore Orioles, respectively. The Interstate is maintained by the Maryland Transportation Authority and, like all Interstates, is a part of the National Highway System. I-395 begins at a directional T interchange with I-95 that is elevated above the Middle Branch of the Patapsco River. The one-lane ramp from southbound I-395 to northbound I-95 splits from the southbound I-95 ramp where the Interstate becomes a viaduct over land. East of the stadium, two-lane flyover ramps from northbound I-395 to Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard and from the boulevard to southbound I-395 leave and join the mainline. The train station is just to the east of the B&O Warehouse, Conway Street heads east toward Light Street and the Inner Harbor. The roadway continues north as Howard Street through downtown Baltimore, in the 3-A system, I-395 was planned as a freeway spur from I-95 to the south edge of the central business district, connecting to a new route named City Boulevard. As routed in the 3-A System, I-95 would act as a bypass of the business district. The Eastern Branch is now called Cal Ripken Way from I-95 to Conway Street, the entire route is in Baltimore. Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, a road, is a 2. 3-mile controlled-access boulevard that passes along the west side of downtown Baltimore. The boulevard begins at an interchange with I-395 south of downtown and ends at Howard Street. The first 0.65 miles of Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, the remainder of the highway from Russell Street to Howard Street is maintained by the Baltimore City Department of Transportation. The boulevard is a part of the National Highway System between I-395 and US40, Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard begins as a pair of two-lane freeway ramps to and from southbound I-395 and northbound I-395, respectively. Before the northbound ramp crosses I-395, an exit ramp splits from the flyover for Lee Street. The boulevard curves to the west, crosses over the Baltimore Terminal Subdivision and Baltimore Light Rail lines, each direction of Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard receives a ramp from northbound Russell Street before it crosses over the state highway
7.
Inner Harbor
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The Inner Harbor is a historic seaport, tourist attraction, and landmark of the city of Baltimore, Maryland, USA. It was described by the Urban Land Institute in 2009 as “the model for post-industrial waterfront redevelopment around the world. ”The Inner Harbor is located at the mouth of Jones Falls, creating the wide and short northwest branch of the Patapsco River. The district includes any water west of a line drawn between the foot of President Street and the American Visionary Art Museum, the harbor is within walking distance of Camden Yards and M&T Bank Stadium. A water taxi connects passengers to Fells Point, Canton, while Baltimore has been a major U. S. seaport since the 18th century, the historically shallow water of the Inner Harbor was not conducive to large ships or heavy industry. These were concentrated in Locust Point, Fells Point, and Canton, in the mid-20th century, Baltimore suffered from the economic decline of restructuring common to many industrial cities in the United States. Old harbors were abandoned with the arrival of ships after World War II. Later, the old harbors were adapted as focal points to reconnect cities with their waterfronts, and develop public spaces, tourism, business, during the 1940s, John H. Threadgill, the head of the Steamship Trade Association, initiated a study for a cross-harbor bridge. A bridge across the Inner Harbor of Baltimore was one idea that was discussed frequently, Threadgill was named head of Baltimores Port Commission during the 1950s. In the 1950s, economic changes ended both the freight and passenger use of the Inner Harbor, such as the Old Bay Lines steamers, rotting warehouses and piers were eventually torn down and replaced by open, grass-covered parkland that was used for recreational purposes and occasional large events. The renewal of Baltimores Inner Harbor area began with the adoption of the 33-acre Charles Center project by the City Council, between 1958 and 1965, Baltimore renewed the center of its business district by rebuilding Charles Center with office buildings, hotels, and retail shops. At the beginning of mayor Theodore R. McKeldins second term in 1963, corporate headquarters and hotels were built around the shoreline of the Inner Harbor. A public park and promenade were added for leisure activity and community gatherings. On July 4,1976, following the rendezvous of Tall Ships in New York for the U. S. Bicentennial, eight ships from other nations visited Baltimore, where they attracted a huge number of tourists. The nearby Baltimore Convention Center and Hyatt Regency Baltimore Hotel added to the services and resulted in population density, with the success of the Inner Harbor in the 1970s and 1980s, Baltimore became a worldwide tourist destination and model of urban planning and development. S. In recent years, the area along the waterfront to the east of the Inner Harbor has been developed with condominiums, retail space, restaurants, and hotels – an ongoing project known as Harbor East. While little development land remains around the Inner Harbor, the land has been subject to many plans. In September 2003, the Inner Harbor area was flooded by Hurricane Isabel, in March 2004, a water taxi capsized during a storm on the Northwest Branch of the Patapsco River near Fort McHenry. While occurring over a mile downstream of the Inner Harbor, the accident was associated with the Inner Harbor by news reports, five passengers died in the accident, which the National Transportation Safety Board determined was caused when the small pontoon-style vessel encountered unpredictable strong winds and waves
8.
Great Baltimore Fire
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The Great Baltimore Fire raged in Baltimore, Maryland, United States on Sunday, February 7 and Monday, February 8,1904. It destroyed much of central Baltimore, including over 1,500 buildings covering an area of some 140 acres. From North Howard Street in the west and southwest, the flames spread north through the shopping area as far as Fayette Street and began moving eastward. The fires wide swath burned as far south as the wharves and piers lining the side of the old Basin of the Northwest Branch of the Baltimore Harbor. It is considered historically the third worst conflagration in an American city, surpassed only by the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, and the San Francisco Earthquake and Fire of 1906. Other major urban disasters that were comparable were the Galveston Hurricane of 1900 and most recently, Hurricane Katrina that hit New Orleans, One reason for the fires long duration involved the lack of national standards in firefighting equipment. Much of the area was rebuilt in relatively short order. Perhaps the greatest legacy of the fire was the impetus it gave to efforts to standardize firefighting equipment in the United States, in centuries past, fires regularly ravaged cities, frequently destroying large areas within. Close living quarters, lax, unenforced, or non-existent building codes, the rapid expansion of American cities during the nineteenth century contributed to the danger. In addition, firefighting practices and equipment were largely unstandardized, each city had its own system, as time passed, these cities invested more in the systems that they already had, increasing the costs of any conversion. In addition, early equipment was often patented by its manufacturer, by 1903, over 600 sizes and variations of fire hose couplings existed in the United States. Fire was reported first at the John Hurst and Company building on West German Street at Hopkins Place in the part of downtown Baltimore at 10,48 a. m. on Sunday, February 7. Soon, it became apparent that the fire was outstripping the ability of the firefighting resources to fight it. By 1,30 p. m. units from Washington, D. C. were arriving on the Baltimore, to halt the fire, officials decided to use a firebreak, and dynamited buildings around the existing fire. Not until 5,00 p. m. the next day was the fire brought under control, One reason for the fires duration was the lack of national standards in firefighting equipment. Fire crews and fire came from as far away as Philadelphia. The crews brought their own equipment, most could only watch helplessly after discovering that their hoses could not connect to Baltimores gauge size of water hydrants. High winds and freezing temperatures further contributed to the fires extent, as a result, the fire burned over 30 hours, destroying 1,545 buildings spanning 70 city blocks—amounting to over 140 acres
9.
Skyscraper
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A skyscraper is a tall, continuously habitable building having multiple floors. When the term was used in the 1880s it described a building of 10 to 20 floors. Mostly designed for office, commercial and residential uses, a skyscraper can also be called a high-rise, for buildings above a height of 300 m, the term supertall can be used, while skyscrapers reaching beyond 600 m are classified as megatall. One common feature of skyscrapers is having a steel framework that supports curtain walls and these curtain walls either bear on the framework below or are suspended from the framework above, rather than resting on load-bearing walls of conventional construction. Some early skyscrapers have a frame that enables the construction of load-bearing walls taller than of those made of reinforced concrete. Modern skyscrapers walls are not load-bearing, and most skyscrapers are characterized by surface areas of windows made possible by steel frames. However, skyscrapers can have curtain walls that mimic conventional walls with a surface area of windows. Modern skyscrapers often have a structure, and are designed to act like a hollow cylinder to resist wind, seismic. To appear more slender, allow less wind exposure, and transmit more daylight to the ground, many skyscrapers have a design with setbacks, a relatively big building may be considered a skyscraper if it protrudes well above its built environment and changes the overall skyline. The maximum height of structures has progressed historically with building methods and technologies, the Burj Khalifa is currently the tallest building in the world. High-rise buildings are considered shorter than skyscrapers, the first steel-frame skyscraper was the Home Insurance Building in Chicago, Illinois in 1885. Even the scholars making the argument find it to be purely academic and this definition was based on the steel skeleton—as opposed to constructions of load-bearing masonry, which passed their practical limit in 1891 with Chicagos Monadnock Building. What is the characteristic of the tall office building. The force and power of altitude must be in it, the glory and it must be every inch a proud and soaring thing, rising in sheer exaltation that from bottom to top it is a unit without a single dissenting line. Some structural engineers define a highrise as any vertical construction for which wind is a significant load factor than earthquake or weight. Note that this criterion fits not only high-rises but some other tall structures, the word skyscraper often carries a connotation of pride and achievement. A loose convention of some in the United States and Europe draws the limit of a skyscraper at 150 m or 490 ft. The tallest building in ancient times was the 146 m Great Pyramid of Giza in ancient Egypt and it was not surpassed in height for thousands of years, the 14th century AD Lincoln Cathedral being conjectured by many to have exceeded it
10.
Bank of America Building (Baltimore)
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10 Light Street was the tallest building in the state, and the tallest office building in the United States south of New York City when constructed in 1929. The Art Deco building was designed by the firm of Taylor and Fisher, the buildings exterior is decorated with carved Romanesque human and animal images, stylized eagles, and is capped with a copper and gold roof. These murals are planned to be covered by turf, so that the historic lobby can be used as an Under Armour gym. Shortly after the Baltimore Trust Company moved into the building in 1929, the Great Depression began, the building was essentially vacant within a year, as the bank went into bankruptcy in 1933 and receivership in 1935. The empty building was used by the New Deals Public Works Administration in Maryland. From the 1940s into the 1960s, the building was first known as the Mathieson Building, in 1961, the building was purchased by Maryland National Bank, which was itself purchased by NationsBank in 1993. The structure then obtained its current name following the NationsBank merger with BankAmerica in 1997, major portions of the building were restored, including the copper-clad dome, which is once again floodlit at night. In December 2012 the building was acquired by a Virginia firm which plans to convert the upper floors into residential apartments, Bank of America announced that it would close the ground floor banking center in May 2013. Miles & Stockbridge, a prominent Baltimore law firm, had maintained offices in the building since 1932 when one of the founders, Clarence Miles. List of tallest buildings in Baltimore
11.
Transamerica Pyramid
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The Transamerica Pyramid is the tallest skyscraper in the San Francisco skyline. Its height is surpassed by Salesforce Tower, currently under construction, designed by architect William Pereira and built by Hathaway Dinwiddie Construction Company, at 853 ft, on completion in 1972 it was the eighth tallest building in the world. The Transamerica building was commissioned by Transamerica CEO John R. Beckett, built on the site of the historic Montgomery Block, it has a structural height of 853 ft and has 48 floors of retail and office space. Construction began in 1969 and finished in 1972, and was overseen by San Francisco-based contractor Dinwiddie Construction, Transamerica moved its headquarters to the new building from across the street, where it had been based in a flatiron-shaped building now occupied by the Church of Scientology of San Francisco. Although the tower is no longer Transamerica Corporation headquarters, it is associated with the company and is depicted in the companys logo. The building is evocative of San Francisco and has one of the many symbols of the city. Designed by architect William Pereira, it faced opposition during planning, John King of the San Francisco Chronicle summed up the improved opinion of the building in 2009 as an architectural icon of the best sort - one that fits its location and gets better with age. The Transamerica Pyramid was the tallest skyscraper west of Chicago from 1972 to 1974 surpassing the then Bank of America Center and it was surpassed by the Aon Center in Los Angeles. The building is thought to have been the target of a foiled terrorist attack, involving the hijacking of airplanes as part of the Bojinka plot. In 1999, Transamerica was acquired by Dutch insurance company Aegon, when the non-insurance operations of Transamerica were later sold to GE Capital, Aegon retained the building as an investment. The Transamerica Pyramid has been the tallest skyscraper in San Francisco since 1972, the land use and zoning restrictions for the parcel limited the number of square feet of office that could be built upon the lot, which sits at the north boundary of the financial district. The building is a tall, four-sided pyramid with two wings to accommodate an elevator shaft on the east and a stairwell and a tower on the west. The top 212 feet of the building is the spire, there are four cameras pointed in the four cardinal directions at the top of this spire forming a virtual observation deck. Four monitors in the lobby, whose direction and zoom can be controlled by visitors, an observation deck on the 27th floor was closed after the September 11,2001 attacks, and replaced by the virtual observation deck. The top of the Transamerica Pyramid is covered with aluminum panels, the buildings façade is covered in crushed quartz, giving the building its light color. The four-story base contains 16,000 cu yd of concrete, the buildings foundation is 9 feet thick, the result of a 3-day, 24-hour continuous concrete pour. Several thousand dollars in quarters and change were thrown into the pit by observers surrounding the site at street level during the pouring, only two of the buildings 18 elevators reach the top floor. The original proposal was for a 1,150 ft building, the proposal was rejected by the city planning commission, saying it would interfere with views of San Francisco Bay from Nob Hill
12.
Baltimore World Trade Center
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Located on the Inner Harbor of Baltimore, Maryland, the Baltimore World Trade Center is the worlds tallest regular pentagonal building. It was designed by the architectural firm Pei Cobb Freed & Partners, with the architects being Henry N. Cobb. Planning and design of the began in April 1966. The building was completed in January 1977, and its construction cost was of $22 million. Gross floor space covers 422,000 sq ft. Major building components include 309,000 sq ft of office floors, a lobby of 13,000 sq ft, Baltimore is one of 16 charter members of the World Trade Centers Association. The landmark tower houses the headquarters of the Maryland Port Administration, the Maryland Department of Business and Economic Development, the World Trade Center Institute is a member of the World Trade Centers Association and operates as a private, non-profit international business membership organization. The building was positioned so that a corner points out toward the waters of the Inner Harbor, perched at the Harbors edge, the building appears to rise out of the water when viewed from certain vantage points. It presents a frontal plane toward the city, across a plaza between the building and Pratt Street. The beacon effect was inspired by lighthouses found along the Chesapeake Bay. This signature lighting scheme, designed by Ray Grenald, is visible in the Baltimore skyline from seven to 10 miles away under favorable weather conditions. Installed in 1994, the lighting system replaced 1, 000-watt incandescent lamps originally installed at the base of the building. An enclosed observation level on the 27th floor, called Top of the World, provides a 360-degree panoramic view of the city. The Top of the World is handicap accessible, offers Baltimore history, rotating art exhibits, occasional special events, a shop featuring local art. The observation level is open to the public during daytime hours, two hours after the September 11,2001 attack on the World Trade Center in New York City, Baltimores World Trade Center was evacuated and closed. This was a response to a threat that the Baltimore building would also be attacked. A resident of southwest Baltimore was arrested that night and accused of giving the police a false warning, unsubstantiated bomb threats received on September 12 and September 14 further contributed to security concerns at the building. A temporary barrier of concrete walls was erected around the plaza between the building and Pratt Street, closing the area to pedestrian and vehicle access. Four barges were moved to the harbor side to protect it from attack by boats
13.
100 East Pratt Street
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The original concrete building was designed by Emery Roth & Sons and Pietro Belluschi, a leader of the Modern Movement in architecture. Groundbreaking on the began in 1973 and construction finished in 1975. After further economic and political turbulence in the 1980s, construction on the building was renewed and completed in 1992 by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. In 1997, the firm was bought by Boston Properties, and later bought by Wells Real Estate in 2005 for $205 million. Today, the stands as a 418 ft. tower made of aluminum, glass. The building contains more than 600,000 square feet of office, retail, the trusswork on the roof of the building, while attractive and able to be illuminated decoratively, is not ornamental, it provides suspension for the southern façade. Current office space tenants include financial firms such as T. Rowe Price, Merrill Lynch. Tenants occupying street-level retail space include Starbucks, Brio Tuscan Grille, and JoS. A. Bank Clothiers
14.
Charles Center
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Charles Center is a large-scale urban redevelopment project in central Baltimores downtown business district of the late 1950s and early 1960s. Beginning in 1954, a called the Committee for Downtown promoted a master plan for arresting the commercial decline of central Baltimore. In 1955, the Greater Baltimore Committee, headed by banker and developer James W. Rouse, the plan was unusual for its time in not pursuing a clean-slate site, but rather incorporating existing structures. The 33 acres site includes three public plazas, designed by RTKL, connected by walkways, staircases and pedestrian bridges, the plazas cover several multi-level underground parking garages known originally as Down Under. The Charles Center public areas are undergoing extensive renovations in the early 2010s to improve its competitiveness with newer developments. Mercantile Safe Deposit and Trust Company Building, West Baltimore Street and Hopkins Place/South Liberty Street,1969 Morris A
15.
Charles Street (Baltimore)
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Charles Street, known for most of its route as Maryland Route 139, runs through Baltimore City and through the Towson area of Baltimore County. On the north end it terminates at an intersection with Bellona Avenue near Interstate 695, Charles Street is one of the major routes through the city of Baltimore, and is a major public transportation corridor. For the one-way portions of Charles Street, the street is functionally complemented by the parallel St. Paul Street, Maryland Avenue, Cathedral Street, and Liberty Street. Though not exactly at the west–east midpoint of the city, Charles Street is considered to be the division between the west and east sides of Baltimore, the entire length of Charles Street is a National Scenic Byway known as Baltimores Historic Charles Street. Maryland Route 139 begins at US 1/US40 Truck in Baltimore, MD139, as mentioned before, follows Charles Street northbound, the southbound lanes of MD139 are carried by Saint Paul Street. Charles Street is a part of the National Highway System from Pratt Street to its terminus in Lutherville. Charles Street begins at an end one block south of Wells Street in the South Baltimore neighborhood of Baltimore. Charles Street heads north as a street through residential South Baltimore. The street becomes commercial as it passes between the Federal Hill and Sharp Leadenhall neighborhoods, Federal Hill contains the Holy Cross Roman Catholic Church on West Street and the Cross Street Market on the eponymous street. Sharp Leadenhall contains the Little Montgomery Street Historic District, Charles Street enters the Otterbein neighborhood, where it becomes one-way northbound at Lee Street. Charles Street continues north as a street through the Inner Harbor neighborhood on the south side of downtown Baltimore. Charles Street passes to the west of the M&T Bank Building, the street passes to the east of Charles Center and the Charles Center station of the Baltimore Metro Subway. Charles Street continues north into the Cathedral Hill Historic District, where the street passes St. Mulberry and Franklin streets carry US40 eastbound and westbound, respectively. Charles Street enters the Mount Vernon neighborhood at Centre Street, which contains the Walters Art Museum, the street splits into a pair of two-lane roadways separated by park squares known as Washington Place. South of the east–west portion of the park, Charles Street passes the equestrian Lafayette Monument within the park and the Peabody Institute on the east and the Walters Art Museum on the west. The street meets the westbound and eastbound halves of Mount Vernon Place, the eastern leg of the park contains the George Peabody Sculpture and one of Severn Teackle Wallis facing St. Paul Street to the east. The bifurcated Charles Street continues past the Roger B, the two halves of Charles Street converge as a three-lane street at Madison Street. Charles Street continues through Midtown, which contains the Belvedere Hotel, the street passes along the east side of the University of Baltimore and University of Baltimore School of Law before meeting I-83 at the northern end of the neighborhood
16.
Pratt Street
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Pratt Street is a major street in Baltimore. It forms a pair of streets with Lombard Street that run west–east through downtown Baltimore. For most of their route, Pratt Street is one-way in an eastbound direction, both streets begin in west Baltimore at Frederick Avenue and end in Butchers Hill at Patterson Park Avenue. Since 2005, these streets have been open to traffic from Broadway until their end at Patterson Park. Although Lombard is also a street from Fulton Avenue to Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. To the east of Patterson Park, both Pratt and Lombard Streets start again, Pratt continues as a side street from Linwood Avenue until Haven Street. Pratt Street has historic significance as the location of the Baltimore Riot of 1861, today it is known for being an important gateway into the Inner Harbor, connecting it with the Baltimore Light Rail line. It is for the reason that the city decided to redesign the street. Pratt Street is named for Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden a supporter of Civil liberties in the 18th Century, Pratt Street appears on maps of Baltimore as early as 1801. Pratt Street was ranked the 33rd most expensive city street in the United States, lewis Museum of Maryland African American History & Culture Flag House & Star-Spangled Banner Museum Baltimore Freedom Academy Stratford University Why Is It Named Pratt Street
17.
St. Paul Street-Calvert Street
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St. Paul Street and Calvert Street are a one-way pair of streets in Downtown Baltimore and areas north. The streets, which are part of Maryland Route 2, are two of Baltimores best-known streets in the downtown area, St. Paul Street begins off Charles Street just south of Coldspring Lane near Loyola College. From this point on, the street runs parallel to Charles Street. It carries Maryland Route 139 in the direction until intersecting North Avenue. St. Paul Street is two ways until the intersection with 31st Street, northbound traffic is relegated to a single northbound lane, separated by median, and with metered parallel parking. St. Paul Street is exit 4 off the Jones Falls Expressway, in the downtown area between East Centre and Lexington Streets, St. Paul Street is split into two parallel, nearby streets, also being identified as St. Paul Place in this area. The wider eastern thoroughfare was the former Courtland Street, while the more westward of the two intersects with all streets within these blocks, the eastward passes under the Orleans Street Viaduct. The area between the two St. Paul Street and were razed in 1919 and was landscaped by Thomas Hastings. Penn Station Mercy Hospital As St. Paul Street is mostly one-way southbound, Calvert Street, North Calvert Street is a name of a portion of the street. South Calvert Street is a name for the downtown portion, Calvert Street begins at Pratt Street near the Inner Harbor and continues through the downtown area and various north Baltimore neighborhoods before terminating in Guilford. At its railroad crossing near I-83, Calvert Street once had an arch-style bridge, the present crossing on Calvert Street is ordinary-looking. Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr. Courthouse Battle Monument Baltimore Sun Building Union Memorial Hospital After passing Baltimore Street, Light Street becomes a large, two-way street after passing Pratt Street, the point where Calvert Street begins for northbound traffic. Light Street continues through Key Highway, passing through Federal Hill, though quite short in length, Light Street is well known in the area, forming the western boundary of the Inner Harbor tourist area. The Maryland Science Center is located on Light Street, and the McCormick Spice Company between 1889 and 1989 was located on Light Street opposite the Inner Harbor, Light Street is named for Darby Lux I, an early Baltimore merchant who had a house on the street. Metal Arch Bridges in Maryland, Describes the history of the Calvert Street Bridge Historic American Landscapes Survey No, mD-3, Preston Gardens, St. Paul Place, Baltimore, Independent City, MD,2 photos,1 photo caption page
18.
Harborplace
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Harborplace is a festival marketplace in Baltimore, Maryland, that opened on July 2,1980, as a centerpiece of the revival of downtown Baltimore. As its name suggests, it is located on the Inner Harbor, Harborplace is composed of 2 two-story pavilions, the Pratt Street Pavilion and the Light Street Pavilion. Each of these buildings contains dozens of stores and restaurants, a Ripleys Believe It or Not. Museum opened in the Light Street Pavilion on June 26,2012, a citywide referendum was required to proceed with the project. In late 2012, long-time owner General Growth Properties sold Harborplace to a New York-based real estate investment firm, official Harborplace Website Listing of Stores In Harborplace
19.
Power Plant Live!
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Power Plant Live. is a collection of bars, restaurants and other businesses in the Inner Harbor section of downtown Baltimore, Maryland. It was developed by The Cordish Companies, and opened in phases during 2001,2002, the entertainment complex gets its name from the nearby Power Plant building on Pier 4 on East Pratt Street facing the Inner Harbor, which was also later re-developed by Cordish. The complex is located along Market Place at the site of the earlier failed indoor Victorian-era amusement park developed by Six Flags in the mid-1980s, the area is served by the Baltimore Metro Subways Shot Tower/Market Place station. The President of the U. R. & E, competition for tourism dollars was fierce in the mid-1980s after the opening of Harborplace, which opened in 1980. S. S. This was also the site of the original Centre Market at East Baltimore Street, south to Water Street. Here in 1763, the first public house for both merged towns was constructed and became the most important center for commerce resulting in its name of Centre Market. It was also the time that he spoke alive in the city although having traveled through several times in his earlier congressional career. A new plaza was constructed that year, featuring a beautiful marble and stone fountain specifically designated by a noted animal-loving philanthropist. Hoping to build something uniquely similar here with the old historic elaborate brick buildings, their Jones Falls-side water access and with the burgeoning Inner Harbor, in the 1980s, Six Flags developed a Victorian-era indoor theme park, featuring an imaginary turn-of-the-century explorer/scientist/raconteur named Phineas Flagg. This was adjacent to the Jones Falls west bank, and the new Shot Tower/Market Place station for the new Metro. But in the mid-1980s, the merchants could not be persuaded to stay and so moved out on the trucks to the Anne Arundel. Although three blocks north, the newly renamed Power Plant Live. Now includes a new array of restaurants, bars, comedy clubs, dance clubs, dueling pianos, (which was an expansion of the famously popular establishment Rams Head Tavern from downtown Annapolis. By 2013, the entertainment, commercial, and tourist aspects of the area seem to be thriving. From 1978, on the west side of Market Place and continuing south across a bridge over East Lombard Street, the two red-glazed brick structures with unusual sloping walls facing Lombard Street were named for Dr. Harry Bard and Dr. William Lockwood. He was a supporter of former mayors Thomas L. J. DAlesandro, Jr. Website Pratt Street Power Plant, Baltimore City, including photo from 1982, at Maryland Historical Trust
20.
National Geographic
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National Geographic is the official magazine of the National Geographic Society. It has been published continuously since its first issue in 1888 and it primarily contains articles about science, geography, history, and world culture. The magazine is known for its thick square-bound glossy format with a rectangular border. The magazine is published monthly, and additional map supplements are also included with subscriptions and it is available in a traditional printed edition and through an interactive online edition. On occasion, special editions of the magazine are issued and this includes a US circulation of 3.5 million. From the 1970s through about 2010 the magazine was printed in Corinth, Mississippi, the current Editor-in-Chief of the National Geographic Magazine is Susan Goldberg. Goldberg is also Editorial Director for National Geographic Partners, overseeing the print and she is responsible for News, Books, National Geographic Traveler magazine, National Geographic History magazine, Maps, and all digital content with the exception of National Geographic Kids. Goldberg reports to Declan Moore, CEO of National Geographic Partners, the first issue of National Geographic Magazine was published on September 22,1888, nine months after the Society was founded. The June 1985 cover portrait of the presumed to be 12-year-old Afghan girl Sharbat Gula, shot by photographer Steve McCurry, in the late 1990s, the magazine began publishing The Complete National Geographic, a digital compilation of all the past issues of the magazine. It was then sued over copyright of the magazine as a work in Greenberg v. National Geographic and other cases. The magazine eventually prevailed in the dispute, and in July 2009 it resumed publishing a compilation containing all issues through December 2008. The compilation was updated to make more recent issues available. National Geographic Kids, the version of the magazine, was launched in 1975 under the name National Geographic World. The January 2017 issue of National Geographic has a nine-year-old transgender girl on the cover, the magazine printed articles on Berlin, de-occupied Austria, the Soviet Union, and Communist China that deliberately downplayed politics to focus on culture. In its coverage of the Space Race, National Geographic focused on the scientific achievement while largely avoiding reference to the connection to nuclear arms buildup. There were also articles in the 1930s, 40s and 50s about the individual states and their resources. Many of these articles were written by longtime staff such as Frederick Simpich, there were also articles about biology and science topics. In later years articles became outspoken on issues such as issues, deforestation, chemical pollution, global warming
21.
Maryland Science Center
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The Maryland Science Center, located in Baltimores Inner Harbor, opened to the public in 1976. It includes three levels of exhibits, a planetarium, and an observatory and it was one of the original structures that drove the revitalization of the Baltimore Inner Harbor from its industrial roots to a thriving downtown destination. In 1987, an IMAX theater was added, but the continued to show its age as the end of the 20th century approached. In 2004, an addition to the property was opened. Subjects that the displays include physical science, space, Earth science, the human body. Maryland Science Center won a 2006 Best of Baltimore award for Best Place to Take Kids, in 2008 the Maryland Science Center was named one of the “10-Best Science Centers for Families” by Parents magazine. It also includes a section where guests can go on a mock paleontological dig to uncover dinosaur bones, newtons Alley This exhibit features hands-on physical science related demonstrations including a Bernoulli blower, inertia table, and other similar things. Your Body The Inside Story This exhibit takes guests on a tour though the inside of the human body and it includes a bed of nails which guests can try out. Our Place in Space Shows guests different aspects of the system, the galaxy. It features a new piece of technology designed by NOAA called Science on a Sphere. Live presentations on Earth and space are offered daily on the sphere, the Davis Planetarium is also located within this exhibit. Follow the Blue Crab This exhibit showcases the Maryland blue crab as well as aquatic life native to the Chesapeake Bay. The Kids Room A room for children 8 and younger and their families, which includes a table, a mock ship. The Links - SpaceLink, BodyLink, and TerraLink The Links at the Maryland Science Center offer visitors a chance to find out the latest news on space, human body, and Earth science. Visitors can ask staff questions about upcoming satellite missions, new findings on disease therapies, climate change. Maryland Science Center Official Site Geographic data related to Maryland Science Center at OpenStreetMap Maryland Science Center on Google Street View
22.
National Aquarium (Baltimore)
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The National Aquarium is a non-profit public aquarium located at 501 E Pratt Street in the Inner Harbor area of Baltimore, Maryland in the United States. Constructed during a period of renewal in Baltimore, the aquarium opened on August 8,1981. The aquarium has an attendance of 1.5 million. The Aquarium holds more than 2,200,000 US gallons of water, in 2003, the National Aquarium and the independent National Aquarium in Washington joined as one National Aquarium. The National Aquariums mission is to inspire conservation of the worlds aquatic treasures, the aquariums stated vision is to confront pressing issues facing global aquatic habitats through pioneering science, conservation, and educational programming. The aquarium also has a 4D Immersion Theater, the aquarium opened a marine mammal pavilion in 1990 and currently holds seven Atlantic bottlenose dolphins. Of the seven, six were born at the National Aquarium, coastal Living magazine named the National Aquarium the #1 aquarium in the United States in 2011. In November 2006, the National Aquarium won a Best of Baltimore award from City Paper as the Best Over Priced Destination for Families, in September 2011, the City Paper Readers Poll awarded the National Aquarium with the title of Best Attraction and the Best Place to Take Kids. The aquarium began in the mid-1970s when then-Mayor William Donald Schaefer, embry, conceived and championed the idea of an aquarium as a vital component of Baltimore’s overall Inner Harbor redevelopment scheme. Although no federal funds were used for its construction, the United States Congress designated the facility as the aquarium in 1979. The aquarium opened to the public on August 8,1981, the National Aquarium, Baltimore’s initial conceptual design, architecture and exhibit design was led by Peter Chermayeff of Peter Chermayeff LLC while he was at Cambridge Seven Associates. The conceptual, architectural, and exhibit design for the Glass Pavilion expansion was led by Bobby C. Poole while at Chermayeff, construction began on the Glass Pavilion on September 5,2002, and it opened to the public on December 16,2005. It measures 64,500 sq ft, and is 120 ft high at the tallest point, the National Aquarium was selected as the National Wildlife Federation’s Maryland affiliate in 2011. MARP has successfully rescued, treated, and returned seals, dolphins, porpoises, pilot whales, pygmy sperm whales, sea turtles, and this building contains five levels or floors that are accessible via escalator and elevator except to guests with strollers. Guests with toddlers must carry them on their person, each floor possesses several exhibits that communicate a main theme. This building also houses two large tanks, one of which simulates an Atlantic coral reef, and one of which simulates the open ocean. This 265, 000-US-gallon habitat, replicating an Indo-Pacific reef landscape, can be seen from vantage points. It contains 65–70 species, mostly fish, one of the largest animals in the exhibit is Calypso, a 500-pound green sea turtle that was rescued off the shore of Long Island in 2000
23.
Flag House & Star-Spangled Banner Museum
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For other museums named War of 1812 museum, see War of 1812 museum. The museum contains furniture and antiques from the period as well as items from the Pickersgill family, a 12, 600-square-foot museum was constructed next to Pickersgills home. This museum houses exhibits on the War of 1812 and the Battle of Baltimore and it has an orientation theater, giftshop, exhibit galleries, and meeting rooms. The museum features a 30 by 42-foot tall window which was created to be the color, size. In the twenty years prior to that, the home had used for a variety of services including. Prior to 1908 the house was occupied by Placido Milio and his family, in 1928 it was dubbed a historic shrine. They worked in hopes of completing the home to a full restoration including replica furnishings from the time period, although some of the money used to fuel this project came from emergency funds for the year, donations were also accepted. Most notably, the Daughters of the American Revolution provided a significant donation, the Flag House Association worked to organize this program. An early proposal for saving the building included a 1946 plan to physically move the Flag House to a resting place in Fort McHenry. Despite the redevelopment of historic landmark, modernization of the area surrounding the home caused controversy. Many claimed that the eastern route of the Jones Falls Expressway would ruin the natural environment of the home. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark under the Historic Sites Act of 1935 program of the U. S. Department of the Interiors National Park Service in 1969, at various times in its history, the Flag House has served as the backdrop for patriotic activism. He also warned against ceding American sovereignty through a status of forces treaty, mD-356, Flag House,844 East Pratt & Albemarle Streets, Baltimore, Independent City, MD,1 photo, supplemental material Flag House on Google Street View
24.
Port Discovery (museum)
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Port Discovery Childrens Museum is a non-profit institution located in the historic Fish Market building in Baltimore, Marylands Inner Harbor. It is 80,000 square feet and offers three floors of exhibits and programs designed to be interactive and hands on, allowing children to learn through play and it receives more than 265,000 visitors annually. The museum’s focus is on children ages birth through 10 and their caregivers, the museum is served by the Baltimore Metro Subways Shot Tower/Market Place station. The original Baltimore Children’s Museum was a Baltimore City agency founded in 1976 and was housed in the Cloisters. The property and structure were donated to the City and the Museum operated out of location for nearly 20 years. In 1990, the Baltimore Children’s Museum formed its own 501 non-profit corporation, the merged entity’s Board of Directors, along with Baltimore’s Mayor Kurt Schmoke, decided to relocate the museum to downtown Baltimore to reach a broader audience. MPT Studio/Nano Exploramora, Down at the Farm Port Discovery has served over 2.5 million visitors, in 2009, Port Discovery received the MetLife Foundation and Association of Childrens Museums Promising Practice Award for their partnership with PACT, Helping Children with Special Needs. In January 2011, Port Discovery was designated as a “Good to Grow Museum” for promoting healthy living for families and they are one of six children’s museums out of 350 nationally and internationally to receive this designation. This national recognition comes from the Association of Childrens Museums, official website Port Discovery Childrens Museum Photo Gallery
25.
Pratt Street Power Plant
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It has undergone significant repurposing development since retirement and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. The structure is a 132-by-326-foot complex of three located at Pratt Street and Pier 4 at Baltimore’s Inner Harbor. The structures are brick with terra cotta trim and steel frame construction and it was built between 1900 and 1909 and is a massive industrial structure with Neo-Classical detailing designed by the noted architectural firm of Baldwin & Pennington. It was one of only 11 buildings in the zone of the Baltimore Fire of 1904 to survive that event and it later served as a central steam plant for the Consolidated Gas, Electric Light and Power Company, a predecessor of the Baltimore Gas and Electric Company. The boilers were coal-fired, and the location on the harbor allowed easy delivery of coal by ship. The location also provided access to cooling water for the condensers, with intake on one side of the pier, the plant, with by-then obsolete equipment, was used sparingly until it was returned to service to meet the World War II production demand for electricity. Baltimore Gas & Electric finally ceased use of it in 1973, after the electric plant was retired from service, the building was vacant several years, eventually becoming acquired by the City of Baltimore. It has since been redeveloped and repurposed for a variety of commercial projects, the first two attempts at redevelopment, an indoor Six Flags theme park and a short-lived dance club called P. T. Since that time, other projects have had more success, the Power Plants more recent tenants have included the first ESPN Zone in the country, Hard Rock Cafe, Barnes & Noble, Golds Gym, and loft offices. Maryland Art Place, an art gallery for Maryland artists, is located in the northwest corner. It lends its name to the nearby Power Plant Live, in November 2011, the former ESPN Zone space was filled by Phillips seafood restaurant, which moved from its longtime location inside Harborplace. The Cordish Company has its headquarters on the sixth floor, Cordish also developed the adjacent Pier IV building, whose tenants include Family Meal, Chipotle Mexican Grill, and Dicks Last Resort. MD-101, Pratt Street Power Plant, South of Pratt Street on Pier 4, Baltimore, Independent City, MD,4 photos,11 data pages,1 photo caption page
26.
Barnes & Noble
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Barnes & Noble, Inc. is a Fortune 500 company, the largest retail bookseller in the United States, and one of the nations leading retailers of content, digital media, and educational products. As of January 6,2017, the company operates 638 retail stores in all 50 U. S. states. After a series of mergers and bankruptcies in the American bookstore industry since the 1990s, previously, Barnes and Noble operated the chain of small B. Dalton Booksellers stores in malls until they announced the liquidation of the chain. The company is known for large retail outlets, many of which contain a café serving Starbucks coffee and other consumables, from cannolis to spinach and feta pretzels. Most stores sell books, magazines, newspapers, DVDs, graphic novels, gifts, games, toys, music, Barnes & Noble originated in 1886 with a bookstore called Arthur Hinds & Company, located in the Cooper Union Building in New York City. In the fall of 1886, Gilbert Clifford Noble, a then-recent Harvard graduate from Westfield, in 1894, Noble was made a partner, and the name of the shop was changed to Hinds & Noble. In 1901, Hinds & Noble moved to 31–35 W. 15th Street, in 1917, Noble bought out Hinds and entered into a partnership with William Barnes, son of his old friend Charles, the name of the store was changed accordingly to Barnes & Noble. In 1930, Noble sold his share of the company to William Barnes son John Wilcox Barnes, Noble died on June 6,1936, at the age of 72. In the long history of the bookstore, the partnership was a brief interlude of thirteen years. In 1932, at the height of the Great Depression, the moved to a flagship location on 18th Street and Fifth Avenue. The Noble family retained ownership of a publishing business. In 1940, the store was one of the first businesses to feature Muzak and that decade the company opened stores in Brooklyn and Chicago. William Barnes died in 1945, at the age of 78, John Barnes died in 1964, and the company was sold to the conglomerate Amtel two years later. The business was purchased in 1971, by Leonard Riggio for $1.2 million, by then, it had been badly mismanaged over the prior two years and consisted only of a significantly reduced wholesale operation and a single retail location—the store at 105 Fifth Avenue. Between the 1970s and the 1980s, Barnes & Noble opened smaller discount stores and they also began to publish their own books to be sold to mail-order customers. These titles were primarily affordable reissues of out-of-print titles and selling them through mail-order catalogs allowed Barnes & Noble to reach new customers nationwide. Barnes & Noble continued to expand throughout the 1980s, and it purchased the primarily shopping mall-based B. Dalton chain from Dayton Hudson in 1986, the last B. Dalton stores were scheduled to close in January 2010. In 1989, Barnes and Noble had purchased the 22-store chain Bookstop, the acquisition of the 797 B. Dalton bookstores turned the company into a nationwide retailer, and by the end of fiscal year 1999, the second-largest online bookseller in the United States
27.
Hard Rock Cafe
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Hard Rock Cafe International, Inc. is a chain of theme restaurants founded in 1971 by Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton in London. In 1979, the cafe began covering its walls with rock and roll memorabilia, in 2007, Hard Rock was sold to the Seminole Tribe of Florida, and since then it is headquartered in Orlando, Florida. As of December 2015, there were 191 Hard Rock locations in 59 countries, including 168 cafes,23 hotels, and 11 casinos. The first Hard Rock Cafe opened on June 14,1971 at Gloucester House, Piccadilly, London, under the ownership of young Americans Peter Morton, Hard Rock initially had an eclectic decor but it later started to display memorabilia. The chain began to expand worldwide in 1982 with locations in Toronto, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Paris, Hard Rock Cafe locations in the United States vary from smaller, more tourist driven markets to large metropolises. Hard Rock Cafe typically does not franchise cafe locations in the United States, all US cafes are corporate owned and operated, except for cafes in Tampa and Four Winds New Buffalo casino. However, in the transition of the Las Vegas Hard Rock Hotel property originally owned, Morton retained hotel naming rights west of the Mississippi. When Morton sold his Las Vegas Hard Rock Hotel to the Morgans Hotel Group, he sold those naming rights. The Albuquerque hotel no longer pays for the Hard Rock rights, more hotels franchised from Morgans are planned for Sioux City and Vancouver. In 1990, The Rank Group, a London-based leisure company, acquired Mecca Leisure Group, Rank went on to purchase Hard Rock America from Peter Morton as well as Hard Rock Canada from Nick Bitove. After the completion of these acquisitions, Rank gained worldwide control of the brand, in March 2007, the Seminole Tribe of Florida acquired Hard Rock Cafe International, Inc. and other related entities from Rank for US$965 million. Most customers, it was argued, do not realize that they are subsidizing a low wage when they give the tip, HRC is known for its collection of rock and roll memorabilia. The collection began in 1979 with an un-signed Red Fender Lead II guitar from Eric Clapton, Clapton wanted management to hang the guitar over his regular seat in order to lay claim to that spot, and they obliged. This prompted Pete Townshend of The Who to give one of his guitars, Hard Rocks archive includes over 80,000 items, and is the largest private collection of Rock and Roll memorabilia in the world. Marquee pieces from the collection were displayed in a Hard Rock museum named The Vault in Orlando. After the closure, items were disbursed to various restaurant locations, the London Vault remains open and free to visitors, located in the retail Rock Shop of the original cafe. In 2005, Deep Purple launched its new album Rapture of the Deep in Hard Rock Cafe London and this show at the release party itself was released as a DVD. The Hard Rock Café is also in possession of a Bedford VAL6 axle coach used in the 1967 film The Beatles Magical Mystery Tour, the vehicle was completely refurbished after filming
28.
Baltimore Convention Center
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The Baltimore Convention Center is a convention and exhibition hall located in downtown Baltimore, Maryland. The Center is a building owned and operated by the City of Baltimore. The facility was constructed in two phases, the original Center, with 425,000 square feet of exhibition and meeting space. A $151 million expansion, which increased the Centers total size to 1,225,000 square feet, was completed in April 1997, the 752-room, city-owned Hilton Baltimore hotel opened in August 2008, connected to the convention center by an enclosed skywalk bridge. As of March 2016, the State of Maryland is going to explore expanding the Baltimore Convention Center for an estimated cost of $600 million, as of August 2016, the proposal of having a combined expanded convention center, arena and hotel has been revived. Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake requested a $1 million feasibility study from the Maryland Stadium Authority which was approved on August 2,2016. and the Reginald F. According to the Baltimore Area Convention and Visitors Association, spending from domestic travelers in 2002 was $8.476 billion statewide and this spending supported $719 million in state and local taxes while providing over 44,000 regional jobs. One major convention held in the center was Otakon, a convention that focuses on anime. The convention had resided in the Baltimore Convention Center between 1999 and 2016, in 2013, the convention attracted 34,211 people. However, organizers of that convention announced at the close of the 2013 event plans to move to the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington, Convention officials cited space concerns, along with the uncertainty of construction plans for the convention center and a new arena. In 2016, Otakons final year in Baltimore,29,113 people attended, the Convention Center is also viewed as important to the recent development on Baltimores West Side. According to Ronald M. Kreitner, executive director of West Side Renaissance Inc, Visit Baltimore President Tom Noonan noted in July 2014 Baltimore was leading other cities in terms of future convention center bookings, through until 2021. In early 2017, a Baltimore Sun article revealed that Otakon wasnt the large convention that Baltimore City lost due to the current size of the Baltimore Convention Center. Washington Convention Center in Washington D. C, the article also reports that future conventions are at risk of leaving Baltimore as well. Despite the continuing growth and redevelopment in the area, the expanded Convention Center has not met expectations with respect to the number of conventions and people it attracts each year. The completion of the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington, D. C. opponents of the hotel project have either questioned the necessity of a new hotel altogether or objected to the use of public dollars to finance the project. The Baltimore Convention Center hotel, named Hilton Baltimore, broke ground in February 2006 and it has 752 rooms and is the citys largest hotel, connected directly to the Convention Center via sky bridge. Baltimore City used public revenue bonds to cover the $301.7 million cost of building the hotel, when the 1996 expansion to the Baltimore Convention Center opened, the convention center was ranked 28th largest in the nation in terms of exhibition and meeting space
29.
University of Maryland, Baltimore
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The University of Maryland, Baltimore, was founded in 1807. It comprises some of the oldest professional schools of dentistry, law, medicine, pharmacy, social work and it is the original campus of the University System of Maryland. Located on 60 acres in downtown Baltimore, it is part of the University System of Maryland, effective July 1,2010, Jay A. Perman was appointed president of the university by William English Kirwan, chancellor of the University System of Maryland. In 1812, it was rechartered as the University of Maryland and given the authority to establish additional faculties in law, divinity, the faculty of law was founded in 1816, though it operated intermittently until 1868. The faculty of arts and sciences also operated intermittently in the 19th century, the University of Maryland School of Dentistry was the first dental school in the world. Founded in 1840 as the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, it was chartered by an act of the Maryland General Assembly and its principal founders were Drs. Horace H. Hayden and Chapin A. Harris. It was the first school in the world to offer a curriculum in dentistry. It currently ranks among top 10 in the nation to receive NIH research funding, the school moved to a new building in October 2006. The new building, located adjacent to the old one in Baltimore Street, offers some of the newest facilities and technologies in the world for education and patient care. The cost of construction and equipment was over $140 million USD, the University of Maryland School of Law opened in 1816 as the Maryland Law Institute in a spacious and commodious building on South street, near Market street. It is the third-oldest law school in the nation, the law school moved to a new building in 2002, adjacent to the site of Westminster Presbyterian Burying Ground the cemetery where the poet and writer Edgar Allan Poe is buried. It is the law school in the United States with a famous author buried on its campus. Westminster Hall is used for events and is often requested for wedding ceremonies. The School of Laws students undergraduate median GPA is a 3.65 and it admits 16. 1% of applicants, making it one of the most selective law schools in the country. The law school takes about 225 full-time day students and about 50 evening students per year, the current Dean of the School of Law is Donald Tobin, one of the nation’s leading experts on the intersection of tax and campaign finance laws. The campus includes Davidge Hall, which was built in 1812, UMB SOM was ranked 40th in U. S. News and World Reports 2016 rankings of Best Medical Schools, Research and 65th in Best Medical Schools, Primary Care. The School of Medicine is closely affiliated with the University of Maryland Medical Center and it also offers PhD programs through the Graduate Program in Life Sciences and several combined degree programs, the MD/PhD MSTP, the MD/MPH, and an MD/MS in Public Health. In a 2011 article in Forbes magazine, Steven Salzberg criticized the inclusion of pseudoscientific subjects such as homeopathy in the curriculum
30.
University of Maryland School of Law
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The University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law is the law school of the University of Maryland, Baltimore and is located in Baltimore City, Maryland, U. S. Founded in 1816 as the Maryland Law Institute with regular instruction beginning in 1824, because of its location, Maryland Law is part of the Baltimore-Washington legal and business community. In 2003, the law school moved into a new facility in downtown Baltimore near the Inner Harbor, in 2011, the law school received a US$30 million donation from the W. P. Carey Foundation, which is the largest gift in the schools history, in response, the law school changed its name to the University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law. Maryland Law has been ranked in the top tier of American law schools by U. S. News & World Report and it was ranked 48th as of the 2016 edition. The 2016 Rankings also gave Maryland Law top standing in health law, part-time program. Maryland Law is fully accredited by the American Bar Association and it is a member of the Association of American Law Schools and has a chapter of the Order of the Coif honor society. There are approximately 705 students enrolled at Maryland Law in the Juris Doctor, Master of Laws, the racial makeup of students in the J. D. program is approximately 60% white, with about 35% identifying as a minority race. Around 72% of J. D. students are under 25 years old, there are more than 40 student organizations, four specialized legal centers, and five law journals. The total cost of attendance for the 2016–2017 academic year is $58,191 for Maryland residents and these required courses form the basis for more specialized study through more than 150 elective courses, seminars, independent studies, simulations, clinics, and externships. Maryland Law is home to several specialty programs that enable students to areas of interest through experiential learning. The law school offers several options, Maryland Law has a combined J. D. /M. B. A. From the University of Maryland School of Public Policy J. D. /Ph. D through the University of Maryland Baltimore County School of Public Policy J. D. /M. C. P. Program provides legal education for lawyers and law students seeking to develop expertise in a area of study. It is a designed for individuals from the U. S. Through the Cardin Requirement, named after Maryland Law alumnus U. S, senator Benjamin Cardin, each full-time day student gains hands-on legal experience by representing actual clients who would otherwise lack access to justice. Most students fulfill the Cardin Requirement through the Clinical Law Program, more than 25 clinics focus on a broad range of practice areas, including civil and criminal litigation, advice and counseling, and transactional work. Civil practice areas include environmental law, health, housing and community development, juvenile law and children, AIDS, criminal student attorneys often represent defendants in misdemeanor cases in Maryland’s district courts, as well as work in the School of Laws community justice efforts
31.
Hippodrome Theatre (Baltimore)
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The Hippodrome Theatre is a theater in Baltimore, Maryland. Built in 1914 for impresarios Marion Scott Pearce and Scheck, the 2300-seat theater was the foremost vaudeville house in Baltimore, when the movie palace opened it was the largest theatre south of Philadelphia. The Hippodrome was designed by Thomas W. Lamb, one of the foremost theater architects of his time, Lamb gave the theater an unusually strong presence on Eutaw Street through the use of brick and terra cotta on a massive façade. The Hippodrome was renovated in 2004 for use as a performing arts theater, the site had previously been occupied by the five story Eutaw House Hotel, built in 1835 and destroyed by fire on May 25,1912. The new theater had a capacity of 3,000 seats and boasted a Moller organ. The Loews chain operated the Hippodrome from 1917 to 1924, then Keith-Albee-Orpheum assumed stewardship, in 1920 the average weekly attendance was 30,000. Frank Sinatra first performed with Harry James at the Hippodrome, Live performances ceased in 1959, but movies remained strong through the 1960s. The Hippodrome finally closed in 1990 as the last movie theater in downtown Baltimore, the Maryland Stadium Authority led the renovation. Clear Channel Entertainment became the operator after project completion. In 2008, Live Nation sold most of its assets, including the Hippodrome. The Hippodrome, Baltimore City, including photo in 1998, at Maryland Historical Trust The France-Merrick Performing Arts Center Hippodrome Theatre at Explore Baltimore Heritage
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Royal Farms Arena
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Royal Farms Arena is an arena located in Baltimore. The arena is located about a block away from the Baltimore Convention Center on the corner of Baltimore Street and Hopkins Place and it seats 11,100 and can be expanded up to 14,000, depending upon the event. The arena officially opened October 23,1962, designed by AG Odell Jr. and Associates, it was built on the site of Old Congress Hall, where the Continental Congress met in 1776. As a major cornerstone for the Inner Harbor redevelopment during the 1980s, in 2003, it was renamed by 1st Mariner Bank, which purchased naming rights to the arena for 10 years. It was reported that 1st Mariner Bank paid the city $75,000 a year to keep the rights to the complex. The Royal Farms Arena is owned by the city of Baltimore and is managed by SMG. A cornerstone to the arena was laid in the arena in 1961 with a vault that included messages from then-U. S, President John F. Kennedy, then-Maryland governor J. Millard Tawes, and then-Baltimore Mayor J. Harold Grady. The vault was opened in 2006, the current site that was chosen for the Baltimore Civic Center was actually not one of the many sites proposed to the Greater Baltimore Committee in 1955. Among nine suggested locations there were two in Druid Hill Park, three at the end of the Inner Harbor basin, and one in Clifton Park, the arena has been host to many events, ranging from boxing, to music, to sports. In 1962 and continuing through 1976, the Baltimore Clippers of the American Hockey League played their games at the Arena. The Clippers withdrew from the AHL in mid-season, 1974–75, to allow the Baltimore Blades of the World Hockey Association to finish their season, the Clippers regrouped for one final AHL season 1975–76. The Royal Farms Arena has hosted two other AHL franchises, the Baltimore Skipjacks lasted from 1981 to 1993. The Baltimore Bandits played two seasons in Baltimore from 1995 to 1997, in 1962, the Arena hosted a boxing match between Joey Giardello and Johnny Morris. In 1963, the arena was host to a tennis match. Also in 1963, the became the home of the Baltimore Bullets. During their only visit to Baltimore they stayed at the Holiday Inn which housed the Circle One Revolving Restaurant located on the 13th floor, the restaurant played host to the legendary Beatles, who dined there following their concert. John Lennon joked to a member of the group, Larry. During the day, two attempted to have themselves delivered to the venue in a large box labelled Beatles fan mail
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G. Krug & Son Ironworks and Museum
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G. Krug & Son Ironworks is a historic iron works located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is in its fifth generation as a family business, G. Krug & Son began in 1810 and is recognized as the oldest continuously operating blacksmith shop in the United States. The works is responsible for iron grills, railings, and other elements that may be seen on buildings throughout Baltimore and at the Ginter House in Richmond. G. Krug & Son was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, Krug Iron Works, Baltimore City, including photo from 2002, at Maryland Historical Trust G. Krug & Son website
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Edgar Allan Poe
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Edgar Allan Poe was an American writer, editor, and literary critic. Poe is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales of mystery and he is widely regarded as a central figure of Romanticism in the United States and American literature as a whole, and he was one of the countrys earliest practitioners of the short story. Poe is generally considered the inventor of the fiction genre and is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction. He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a difficult life. Poe was born in Boston, the child of two actors. His father abandoned the family in 1810, and his mother died the following year, thus orphaned, the child was taken in by John and Frances Allan of Richmond, Virginia. They never formally adopted him, but Poe was with them well into young adulthood, tension developed later as John Allan and Edgar repeatedly clashed over debts, including those incurred by gambling, and the cost of secondary education for the young man. Poe attended the University of Virginia for one semester but left due to lack of money, Poe quarreled with Allan over the funds for his education and enlisted in the Army in 1827 under an assumed name. It was at time that his publishing career began, albeit humbly, with the anonymous collection of poems Tamerlane and Other Poems. With the death of Frances Allan in 1829, Poe and Allan reached a temporary rapprochement, however, Poe later failed as an officer cadet at West Point, declaring a firm wish to be a poet and writer, and he ultimately parted ways with John Allan. Poe switched his focus to prose and spent the several years working for literary journals and periodicals. His work forced him to move among several cities, including Baltimore, Philadelphia, in Richmond in 1836, he married Virginia Clemm, his 13-year-old cousin. In January 1845, Poe published his poem The Raven to instant success and his wife died of tuberculosis two years after its publication. For years, he had been planning to produce his own journal The Penn, Poe and his works influenced literature in the United States and around the world, as well as in specialized fields such as cosmology and cryptography. Poe and his work appear throughout popular culture in literature, music, films, a number of his homes are dedicated museums today. The Mystery Writers of America present an award known as the Edgar Award for distinguished work in the mystery genre. He was born Edgar Poe in Boston on January 19,1809 and he had an elder brother William Henry Leonard Poe, and a younger sister Rosalie Poe. Their grandfather David Poe Sr. had emigrated from Cavan, Ireland to America around the year 1750, Edgar may have been named after a character in William Shakespeares King Lear, a play that the couple were performing in 1809
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Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum
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The Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum, located at 203 North Amity St. in Baltimore, Maryland, is the former home of American writer Edgar Allan Poe in the 1830s. The small unassuming structure, which was opened as a house museum since 1949, is a typical row home. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1972, due to a loss of funding by the city of Baltimore, the Museum closed to the public in October 2012. Poe Baltimore, the Museums new governing body, reopened the Museum to the public on October 5,2013. The brick home, then numbered 3 Amity St. and now numbered 203 North Amity Street, is assumed to have built in 1830. Clemm was joined in the home with her mother, Elizabeth Cairnes Poe. Edgar Allan Poe moved in with the family in 1833 around the age of 23, Virginia was 10 years old at the time, Poe would marry her three years later, though their only public ceremony was in 1836. Poe lived in the house from about 1833 to 1835, the house was rented using pension money that Elizabeth collected thanks to her husband, David Poe Sr. who was a veteran of the American Revolutionary War. The home is small and Poes room on the top floor has a ceiling with a pitch which is six feet high at its tallest point. In the 1930s, homes in the area, including Poes, were set for demolition to make room for the Poe Homes public housing project. The house was spared and control was given to the Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore, the Museum hosted a number of Poe events throughout the year. It claimed, for example, the largest Poe birthday celebration in the world held every January at the Westminster Hall and Burying Ground, in 2009, the curator, Jeff Jerome, planned the biggest event of the Poe Bicentennial at Westminster Hall. He held a funeral for Poe. Over 1,200 people attended two services, the event received national and international media attention and acclaim. In 1979 during the renovations, workers lifted the floorboards and found skeletal remains. These were found to be animal bones discarded into what is known as a pit or midden beneath the home. In 2011, City of Baltimore officials reduced the Museums subsidy, after the City cut off its $85,000 in annual support in 2011, the Museum was operating on reserve funds to the amount of $380,000 in the Poe House Fundraising account. Jeff Jerome, the Museums curator for more than three decades, was laid off in 2012, according to the Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore, the Museum was closed on September 28,2012 with no advance public notice, with plans to reorganize and reopen in 2013
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Lexington Market
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Lexington Market is a historic market in downtown Baltimore, Maryland, United States. The main market is housed in two buildings on the north corners of the intersection of Paca and Lexington Streets. In the broader sense, Lexington Market encompasses both the market and all of the shops on Lexington Street from Greene Street to Liberty Street. The main market buildings are host to small eateries and stands selling fish, produce, meat, baked goods, Lexington Market is located near the Baltimore Light Rail and Baltimore Metro Subway stops of the same name. It is about six blocks from Oriole Park at Camden Yards, Lexington Market is one of the longest-running markets in the world, having been around since 1782. The market continues to stand in its original site, the land for this historical market was donated by General John Eager Howard, famous colonial Revolutionary War commander of Maryland Line regiment of Continental Army. From his estate Belvedere west and north of Baltimore Town, the market originally operated without sheds and stalls. Farmers would load up their horse drawn wagons with ham, butter, eggs, the farmers would travel from Towson and Reisterstown to sell their goods at the market. They would usually work by dawn. In 1803 the market had increased in size, the market now spread from Eutaw Street down to Lexington Street. It would later spread over to Greene Street, in the beginning the market was open on Tuesdays, Friday and Saturday from 2am until 12noon. A bell would ring at the start of the day and at the end of the day, before being called Lexington Market it was known as Western Precincts Market. Perhaps the best known eateries at Lexington Market are Mexican Delight known for its burritos & fried ice cream, Faidleys, known for its crabcakes, shortbread cookies topped with fudge, sold by DeBaufre Bakeries and known simply as Berger Cookies, are a Baltimore favorite. The market is closed on Sundays, Lexington Market is viewed by many as a place that shows the personality of the real Baltimore, as opposed to the more generic and tourist-oriented attractions found at the nearby Inner Harbor. It is common for the Lexington Market east building to play host to jazz bands during the hour on Fridays and Saturdays. Throughout the year, the market has also known to host presentations from several of the many elementary and middle schools in the nearby. Even some private schools, such as West Cold Spring Lanes own Baltimore Jr. Academy have been known to perform there, yearly, a popular time to catch the performances of Baltimores young and talented children, at the market, has usually been during the Christmas seasons. Lexington Market won the 2006 Best of Baltimore award for Best Place to Take Out of Town Visitors, Faidleys Seafood in Lexington Market was featured on the Mid-Atlantic episode of the Travel Channel show, Adam Richmans Best Sandwich in America, in 2012
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Mount Vernon, Baltimore
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Mount Vernon is a neighborhood located just to the north of downtown Baltimore, Maryland. Designated a National Historic Landmark District and a city Cultural District, it is one of the citys oldest neighborhoods and originally was home to the citys most wealthy and fashionable families. The Commission also considers the section to be the Midtown-Belvedere neighborhood after the Belvidere estate of John Eager Howard. The Inner Harbor is about half a mile south of Centre Street, being close to downtown, Mount Vernon is well-served by public transit. Penn Station, served by Amtrak and MARC commuter rail, is one block to the north past Mount Royal Avenue. During the 1970s, Mount Vernon begun to form into a gay village for Baltimore with the establishment of the Gay, LGBT milestones included the first Pride parade in 1975, and the creation of the GLCCB Health Clinic in 1980. The GLCCB still exists till this day on Chase Street, along with gay bars. The Washington Monument was completed in 1829 to a design by Robert Mills, the parks are now lined by stately homes. S. Capitol in Washington, D. C. and the residence houses the Frick Collection. Elsewhere in the neighborhood are many apartment buildings and three- and four-story rowhouses. Though many have been broken up into apartments, a growing number are being restored back to single family use. The historic beaux-arts Belvedere Hotel, opened in 1903, was converted to condominiums in 1991, on the northeast corner of Washingtons monument sits the Mount Vernon Place United Methodist Church. Conceived as a cathedral of Methodism, it was built on the site of the Charles Howard mansion – the house in which Francis Scott Key died. The southeast corner is occupied entirely by buildings comprising the Peabody Institute, the Stafford Hotel, built in Mount Vernon in 1894, now serves as an apartment building for students at Johns Hopkins University. The old Mount Vernon Hotel, built in 1847, was the home of U. S. Congressman William Julian Albert where he entertained Abraham Lincoln, later the house was converted into a hotel and was where Oscar Wilde stayed as part of his 1882 lecture tour of America. The building is extant at 702 Cathedral Street, in the district and it is included within the Baltimore National Heritage Area. As of the census of 2000, there were 4,520 people residing in the neighborhood
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Nightlife
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Nightlife is a collective term for entertainment that is available and generally more popular from the late evening into the early hours of the morning. It may include pubs, bars, nightclubs, parties, live music, concerts, cabarets, theatre, cinemas, shows and these venues often require a cover charge for admission. Nightlife entertainment is often more adult-oriented than daytime entertainment, people who prefer to be active during the night-time are called night owls. Nightlife has been a vibrant area of research for sociologists, nightlife establishments including pubs, bars, restaurants, and nightclubs function as third places, according to Ray Oldenburg in The Great Good Place. Some sociologists have argued that vibrant city nightlife scenes contribute to the development of culture as well as political movements, there is debate about the degree to which nightlife contributes positively to social capital and the public goods of society. David Grazian points out that nightlife can replicate the same structures of race, ethnic, nightlife venues must be licensed to serve alcohol under the Licensing Act 2003. Venues with door security are required to ensure that the security staff are licensed by the Security Industry Authority. Since the introduction of the Licensing Act 2003, pubs and bars have been able to apply to operate until later, for nightclubs, this has become a form of competition as patrons can stay in the same pub or bar rather than move on to a club
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Joseph Meyerhoff Symphony Hall
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The main auditorium has a seating capacity of 2,443 and is home to the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra. It is named for Joseph Meyerhoff, a Ukrainian-born Baltimore businessman, philanthropist, the modern style structure was designed by the architectural firms of Pietro Belluschi, Inc. and Jung/Brannen Associates. Ground was broken November 10,1978, acoustical design was by Bolt, Beranek and Newman and uses a series of convex curves to avoid flat surfaces or ninety-degree angles inside the hall. The auditorium is oval, its cylindrical wall extends the height of the building with the roof sloping down over the stage area. The exterior surface of the cylinder is covered in brown brick, the exterior lobby walls feature large expanses of glass to open the building to the plaza which surrounds it. The auditorium ceiling ranges from a height of 44 ft above the stage to 62 ft at the rear wall, the walls of the stage are covered in a light-colored wood and feature box seats. Suspended above the stage originally were 52 precast concrete clouds which helped diffuse sound, in 1990, management added an extensive set of sound diffusers to improve the sound that the musicians heard on stage. These were removed as unsatisfactory after several seasons, and replaced in 2001 as part of a renovation project, the stage is 65 ft wide and 35 ft deep. To accommodate a chorus, the wall moves to provide an additional 12 ft of space. In addition to the auditorium, the facility includes the John Gidwitz Recital Hall, reception and meeting rooms. The Meyerhoff is immediately adjacent to the Cultural Center Station on the Baltimore Light Rail, the idea of a new home for the Orchestra was first raised in 1969 by then conductor Sergiu Comissiona and executive director Joseph Leavitt. Major funding for construction came from a donation by Meyerhoff and grants from the State of Maryland, at the opening concert, Comissiona led the Orchestra in a world premiere performance of Housewarming by Morton Gould which was commissioned for the occasion
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Baltimore Symphony Orchestra
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The Baltimore Symphony Orchestra is an American symphony orchestra based in Baltimore, Maryland. The Baltimore SO has its residence at the Joseph Meyerhoff Symphony Hall. In 2005, it began performances at the Music Center at Strathmore in Bethesda. Marin Alsop is the Baltimore SOs current music director since 2007, founded in 1916, the Baltimore SO is the only major American orchestra originally established as a branch of the municipal government. Reorganized as an institution in 1942, it maintains close relationships with the governments and communities of the city and surrounding counties. The Baltimore SOs modern history dates from 1965, when Baltimore arts patron Joseph Meyerhoff became president of the Orchestra, Meyerhoff appointed Romanian-born conductor Sergiu Comissiona as music director. Beginning February 2017, Peter T. Kjome serves as the President, the Baltimore SOs Principal Pops Conductor is Jack Everly. Yuri Temirkanov, Music Director from 2000-2006, now has the title of Music Director Emeritus, the orchestras current BSO-Peabody Conducting Fellow is Michael Repper. In 2016, the BSO appointed Tonya McBride Robles as Vice President, the Joseph Meyerhoff Symphony Hall has been the home of the Baltimore SO since its opening on September 16,1982. Named for Joseph Meyerhoff, the 2, 443-seat hall has undergone renovations in 1990, the Orchestras second home is the 1, 976-seat Music Center at Strathmore, located in North Bethesda, Maryland. With the opening of the Music Center at Strathmore in February 2005, as the founding partner and resident orchestra of the Music Center, the Baltimore SO presents 35 performances in the concert hall annually. In addition to its Baltimore and Strathmore residencies, the orchestra performs in Frederick, its longest continuing run-out concert series. The Baltimore SO was the first American orchestra in 11 years to tour the Soviet Union after cultural relations resumed towards the end of the Soviet war in Afghanistan. Under Zinman, the orchestra made its first visit to East Asia in 1994, the Baltimore SO has also appeared at Carnegie Hall, including a February 2008 concert with the New York premiere of Steven Mackeys percussion concerto Time Release with soloist Colin Currie. The BSO performs approximately 30 education concerts and open each year for more than 60,000 area students in pre-school through 12th grade. Rusty Musicians, a program geared towards adult amateur musicians, allows participants to join the BSO, in May 2008, the BSO began OrchKids, an after-school program to provide music experience and education for youth in Baltimore City’s low-income neighborhoods. In collaboration with community partners, it provides education, instruments, meals. OrchKids maintains a faculty of 27 professional working/teaching musicians and academy classroom teachers, lead funding support was provided by initial gifts of $100,000 from Marin Alsop and $1,000,000 from Rheda Becker and Robert Meyerhoff
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Modell Performing Arts Center
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The Modell Performing Arts Center is a music venue in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, located close to the University of Baltimore. Beginning 1904, it was used for touring performances by the Metropolitan Opera. The Lyric has been the home of the Lyric Opera Baltimore company since 2011 and it was founded after the demise of Baltimore Lyric Opera. However Kahns purchase caused the name to be changed to the Lyric Theatre. And firmed up the continuity of the Metropolitan Operas annual visits, in the early 20th century, the Lyric Opera featured opera tenor Enrico Caruso who appeared there with the Metropolitan Opera in a performance of Flotows Martha. She brought Beverly Sills to Baltimore for a production of Manon in 1952, by 1970, the name was changed to Baltimore Opera Company and had become firmly established at the Lyric. Having been modeled on the Concertgebouw, the Lyric was primarily used as a concert hall, a highlight was the 1934 premiere of Rachmaninoffs Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini, with the composer at the piano. Performers appearing at the Lyric included in April/May 1984 Yul Brynner who starred in The King and that same year, Patti Labelles performances sold out five performances while, in 1987, Cats played to over 75,000 people. Major renovations from 1980-1982 completed its transformation into an opera house, official website Lyric Theater, Baltimore City, including photo from 1984, at Maryland Historical Trust
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Peabody Institute
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The Peabody Institute was founded in 1857 by philanthropist George Peabody, and is the oldest conservatory in the United States. Its association with JHU allows students to do research across disciplines, George Peabody founded the Institute with a bequest of about $800,000 from his fortune made in Massachusetts and Baltimore. Completion of the Grecian-Italian west wing building housing the Institute, designed by Edmund George Lind, was delayed by the Civil War, the library was created and endowed by Peabodys friend and fellow Bay-Stater, Enoch Pratt. In 1978, the Institute began working with The Johns Hopkins University under an affiliation agreement, in 1985, the Institute became a division of the university. Peabody is one of 156 schools in the United States that offers a Doctorate of Musical Arts Degree, Peabody Preparatory offers instruction and enrichment programs for school-age children across various sites in Baltimore and its surrounding counties, Downtown, Towson, Annapolis and Howard County. The Peabody Childrens Chorus is for children ages 6 to 18 and it is divided into three groups, Training Choir, Choristers, and Cantate, grouped by age in ascending order. They practice weekly in Towson or Columbia, Maryland, and sing in concerts biannually under the instruction of Doreen Falby, Bradley Permenter, tori Amos, singer, songwriter, at age five, Amos was the youngest student ever admitted to the Institute
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Walters Art Museum
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The Walters Art Museum, located in Mount Vernon-Belvedere, Baltimore, Maryland, is a public art museum founded and opened in 1934. It holds collections established during the mid-19th Century, located across the back alley, a block south of the Walters mansion on West Monument Street/Mount Vernon Place, on the northwest corner of North Charles Street at West Centre Street. The following year, The Walters reopened its original building after a dramatic three-year physical renovation and replacement of internal utilities. The Archimedes Palimpsest was on loan to the Walters Art Museum from a collector for conservation. This was one of the largest and most comprehensive such releases made by any museum, the Walters collection of ancient art includes examples from Egypt, Nubia, Greece, Rome, Etruria and the Near East. In 1911, Henry Walters purchased almost 100 gold artifacts from the Chiriqui region of western Panama in Central America, the museum owns the oldest surviving Chinese wood-and-lacquer image of the Buddha. It is exhibited in a gallery dedicated solely to this work, the Museum holds one of the largest and finest collections of Thai bronze, scrolls, and banner paintings in the world. Islamic art in all media is represented at the Walters, the Walters Museum owns an array of Islamic manuscripts. Walters Art Museum, MS W.613 contains five Mughal miniatures from a very important Khamsa of Nizami made for the Emperor Akbar, Henry Walters assembled a collection of art produced during the Middle Ages in all the major artistic media of the period. This forms the basis of the Walters medieval collection, for which the Museum is best known internationally. Considered one of the best collections of art in the United States, the Museums holdings include examples of metalwork, sculpture, stained glass, textiles, icons. Sculpted heads from the royal Abbey of St. Denis are rare surviving examples of sculptures that are directly connected with the origins of Gothic art in 12th Century France. An ivory casket covered with scenes of jousting knights is one of about a dozen such objects to survive in the world, many of these works are on display in the Museums galleries. Works in the collection are the subject of active research by the curatorial and conservation departments of the museum. The collection of European Renaissance and Baroque art features holdings of paintings, sculpture, furniture, ceramics, metal work, arms, the museum has one of ten surviving examples of the Sèvres pot-pourri vase in the shape of a ship from the 1750s and 1760s. William and Henry Walters collected works by late 19th Century French academic masters, Henry Walters was particularly interested in the courtly arts of 18th Century France. The museum’s collection of Sèvres porcelain includes a number of pieces that were made for members of the Royal Bourbon Court at Versailles Palace outside of Paris. Portrait miniatures and the examples of works, especially snuffboxes and watches, are displayed in the Treasury, along with some exceptional 19th-
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Pennsylvania Station (Baltimore)
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Baltimore Pennsylvania Station is the main transportation hub in Baltimore, Maryland. Designed by New York architect Kenneth MacKenzie Murchison, it was constructed in 1911 in the Beaux-Arts style of architecture for the Pennsylvania Railroad. It is located at 1515 N. Charles Street, about a mile and a north of downtown. Originally called Union Station because it served the Pennsylvania Railroad and Western Maryland Railway, the building sits on a raised island of sorts between two open trenches, one for the Jones Falls Expressway and the other the tracks of the Northeast Corridor. The NECs northern approach is the 1873 Union Tunnel, which has one single-track bore, Penn Station is the seventh-busiest rail station in the United States by number of passengers served each year. Penn Station is served by Amtrak, MARC, and the Maryland Transit Administrations light rail system, the station is the northern terminus of the Light Rails Penn-Camden shuttle, connecting the Mount Vernon neighborhood with downtown, the southern terminus is Baltimores Camden Station. MARC offers service between Washington, D. C. and Perryville, Amtrak Acela Express and Northeast Regional trains from Penn Station serve destinations along the Northeast Corridor between Boston and Washington, D. C. Some Regional trains from the station continue into Virginia and serve Alexandria, Newport News, Norfolk, Lynchburg, other long-distance trains from the station serve, St. Louis, and Atlantic City, New Jersey. Louis to its Missouri namesake, and the Buffalo Day Express, as late as 1956, this route also hosted the Liberty Limited to Chicago and the Dominion Limited to Toronto, Canada. Baltimore Light Rail service began in 1997, as part of the Northeast Corridor Improvement Project, the station was restored to its 1911 appearance in 1984. The stations use as a Western Maryland station stop allowed passengers from Penn Station to ride directly to various Maryland towns such as Westminster, Hagerstown, passenger service on the Western Maryland ended in 1958. Baltimore Penn Station is also used for MARC train storage during the weekends and overnight via off-peak service times on tracks 1,3,5, Pennsylvania Station opened on September 15,1911. It is the railroad depot on its North Charles Street site. The first one was a structure built by the Northern Central Railway that began operating in 1873. The old station was demolished in January 1910, during what became known as the Checkers speech, on September 23,1952, Richard Nixon, then a U. S. Nixon referred to the station by its former name, Union Station in Baltimore. In 2004, the City of Baltimore, through its arts program. His work, a 51-foot -tall aluminum statue entitled Male/Female, has generated controversy ever since. As The Baltimore Sun editorialized, Could this explain why defenders of Male/Female, No, Male/Female gets a lot of attention strictly on its artistic merits, and much of it isnt very positive, especially concerning its setting in front of the Beaux–Arts railroad station
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Amtrak
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Founded in 1971 to take over most of the remaining U. S. passenger rail services, it is partially government funded yet operated and managed as a for-profit corporation. Amtrak serves more than 500 destinations in 46 states and three Canadian provinces, operating more than 300 trains each day over 21,300 miles of track, some track sections allow trains to run as fast as 150 mph. In fiscal year 2015, Amtrak served 30.8 million passengers and had $2.185 billion in revenue, nearly two-thirds of passengers come from the 10 largest metropolitan areas, 83% of passengers travel on routes shorter than 400 miles. Its headquarters is at Union Station in Washington, D. C, the name Amtrak is a portmanteau of the words America and trak, the latter itself a sensational spelling of track. From the mid-19th century until about 1920, nearly all intercity travelers in the United States moved by rail, historically, U. S. passenger trains were owned and operated by the same privately owned companies that operated freight trains. About 65,000 railroad passenger cars operated in 1929, from 1920 into the later 20th century, passenger rails popularity diminished and there was a series of pullbacks and tentative recoveries. Rail passenger revenues declined dramatically between 1920 and 1934 because of the rise of the automobile, in the same period, many travelers were lost to interstate bus companies such as Greyhound Lines. However, in the mid-1930s, railroads reignited popular imagination with service improvements and new, diesel-powered streamliners, such as the gleaming silver Pioneer Zephyr and Flying Yankee. Even with the improvements, on a basis, traffic continued to decline. World War II broke the malaise, passenger traffic soared sixfold thanks to troop movements, in 1946, there remained 45 percent fewer passenger trains than in 1929, and the decline quickened despite railroad optimism. Passengers disappeared and so did trains, few trains generated profits, most produced losses. Broad-based passenger rail deficits appeared as early as 1948, and by the mid-1950s, by 1965, only 10,000 rail passenger cars were in operation,85 percent fewer than in 1929. Passenger service was provided on only 75,000 miles of track, the 1960s also saw the end of railway post office revenues, which had helped some of the remaining trains break even. The causes of the decline of rail in the United States were complex. Until 1920, rail was the practical form of intercity transport. By 1930, the companies had constructed, with private funding. In 1916, the amount of track in the United States peaked at 254,251 miles, some rail routes had been built primarily to facilitate the sale of stock in the railroad companies, they were redundant from the beginning. These were the first to be abandoned as the financial positions deteriorated
Downtown Baltimore
