1.
I. King Jordan
–
That year Gallaudet students, with support from many alumni, faculty, staff and friends of the University, protested the Board of Trustees appointment of a hearing person to the presidency. He appears in the 2011 disability rights documentary Lives Worth Living, Jordan is a native of Glen Riddle, a small town near Philadelphia in the U. S. state of Pennsylvania. Jordan was born to hearing parents, with no other instances of deafness in his family, after graduating from Penncrest High School in 1962, he enlisted in the US Navy and served four years. Jordan earned his doctorate in psychology and he was serving as the dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Gallaudet University when he was chosen as candidate for the university presidency. As professor, department chair, dean, and president, Jordan has made scholarly contributions to his field. Jordan and his wife, Linda, live in West River and they have two grown children and two grandchildren. As of 2009, he continues to run the Marine Corps Marathon each year and he was a co-founder of the American Association of People with Disabilities. He is also a member of the Association of Late-Deafened Adults, Jordan became president of the university on March 13,1988, after the Deaf President Now protest. He holds eleven honorary degrees and is the recipient of awards, among them, the Presidential Citizens Medal, the Washingtonian of the Year Award. In 1990, President Bush appointed Jordan Vice Chair of the Presidents Committee on Employment of People with Disabilities and he was reappointed to this position in 1993. In 2006, Jordan received the Award for Greatest Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged, on September 1,2005, Jordan announced his intentions to retire from the presidency effective December 31,2006. Jordan became the subject of controversy himself when he defended the decision made on May 1,2006. The announcement of her set off a campus-wide protest. Critics claimed that Fernandes was not highly regarded by both the faculty and students, Jordan, taking a line from page 10 of the 1995 book Deaf President Now, publicly accused some critics of rejecting Fernandes because she was allegedly not deaf enough. They replied that such a charge is off-base, because Jordan himself was accepted as president, the protesters insisted that they protested for more profound reasons, such as Fernandes character, leadership, and policies. Jordan resigned from the Gallaudet presidency in December 2006 and retired from the Gallaudet faculty in December 2008, on April 6,2010, it was announced that Jordan had been appointed by President Barack Obama to serve on the Commission on Presidential Scholars
I. King Jordan
–
Background [edit]
2.
William P. Gottlieb
–
Gottliebs photographs are among the best known and widely reproduced images of this era of jazz. Gottlieb was born on January 28,1917 in the Canarsie neighborhood of Brooklyn, and he grew up in Bound Brook, New Jersey and he graduated from Lehigh University in 1938, with a degree in economics. While at Lehigh, Gottlieb wrote for the campus newspaper. In his last year of college, he writing a weekly jazz column for The Washington Post. After the Post decided that it could not afford to pay a photographer to shoot photos for Gottliebs jazz column, Gottlieb bought his own press camera, Gottlieb was drafted into the Army Air Corps in 1943, and he served as a photo officer and as a classifications officer. After World War II, Gottlieb moved to New York City to pursue a career in journalism and he worked as a writer-photographer for Down Beat magazine, and his work also appeared frequently in Record Changer, the Saturday Review, and Colliers. In 1948, Gottlieb retired from the field in order to spend more time with his wife, Delia. After Gottlieb left Down Beat, he began working at Curriculum Films and he then founded his own filmstrip company which was later bought by McGraw Hill. Many of his filmstrips won awards from the Canadian Film Board, Gottlieb also wrote and illustrated childrens books, including several Golden Books such as The Four Seasons, Tigers Adventure, and Laddie the Superdog. He also wrote books such as Science Facts You Wont Believe. Apart from his career, Gottlieb was also involved in amateur tennis as a hobby. Gottlieb and one of his sons, Steven, were ranked number one in father-and-son on the East Coast and were twice ranked among the top ten teams in the US. Gottliebs son Steven has also become a professional photographer, Steven Gottliebs photographs have been featured extensively on the web sites of both Kodak and Nikon, and Kodak has named Steven one of five Kodak Professional Icons in the US. Architect I. M. Pei stated that Gottlieb transcends traditional architectural photography by interpreting architecture with the vision of a true artist, Gottlieb died of complications from a stroke on April 23,2006 in Great Neck, New York. In line with Gottliebs wishes, his photographs were put into the public domain, many of his pictures are used in Wikipedia and other public domain works
William P. Gottlieb
–
Gottlieb at WINX radio station, Washington, circa 1940
William P. Gottlieb
–
Ahmet Ertegün,
Duke Ellington, William P. Gottlieb,
Nesuhi Ertegün, and
Dave Stuart, William P. Gottlieb's home, Maryland,. Photograph by Delia Potofsky Gottlieb.
William P. Gottlieb
–
Sy Oliver, September 1946, by William Paul Gottlieb
3.
Brooklyn
–
Brooklyn is the most populous borough of New York City, with a Census-estimated 2,636,735 residents in 2015. It borders the borough of Queens at the end of Long Island. Today, if New York City dissolved, Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous city in the U. S. behind Los Angeles, the borough continues, however, to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves, Brooklyns official motto, displayed on the Borough seal and flag, is Eendraght Maeckt Maght which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength. Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a hub of entrepreneurship and high technology startup firms. The history of European settlement in Brooklyn spans more than 350 years, the neighborhood of Marine Park was home to North Americas first tidal mill. It was built by the Dutch, and the foundation can be seen today, however, the area was not formally settled as a town. Many incidents and documents relating to this period are in Gabriel Furmans early compilation, what is today Brooklyn left Dutch hands after the final English conquest of New Netherland in 1664, a prelude to the Second Anglo–Dutch War. The English reorganized the six old Dutch towns on southwestern Long Island as Kings County on November 1,1683 and this tract of land was recognized as a political entity for the first time, and the municipal groundwork was laid for a later expansive idea of Brooklyn identity. On August 27,1776 was fought the Battle of Long Island, the first major engagement fought in the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared, and the largest of the entire conflict. British troops forced Continental Army troops under George Washington off the heights near the sites of Green-Wood Cemetery, Prospect Park. The fortified American positions at Brooklyn Heights consequently became untenable and were evacuated a few days later, One result of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 was the evacuation of the British from New York City, celebrated by residents into the 20th century. The New York Navy Yard operated in Wallabout Bay for the entire 19th century, the first center of urbanization sprang up in the Town of Brooklyn, directly across from Lower Manhattan, which saw the incorporation of the Village of Brooklyn in 1817. Reliable steam ferry service across the East River to Fulton Landing converted Brooklyn Heights into a town for Wall Street. Ferry Road to Jamaica Pass became Fulton Street to East New York, Town and Village were combined to form the first, kernel incarnation of the City of Brooklyn in 1834. Industrial deconcentration in mid-century was bringing shipbuilding and other manufacturing to the part of the county. Each of the two cities and six towns in Kings County remained independent municipalities, and purposely created non-aligning street grids with different naming systems and it later became the most popular and highest circulation afternoon paper in America. The publisher changed to L. Van Anden on April 19,1842, on May 14,1849 the name was shortened to The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, on September 5,1938 it was further shortened to Brooklyn Eagle
Brooklyn
–
Clockwise from top left:
Brooklyn Bridge, Brooklyn brownstones,
Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch,
Brooklyn Borough Hall,
Coney Island
Brooklyn
–
Currier and Ives print of Brooklyn, 1886.
Brooklyn
–
Brooklyn Museum - Hooker's Map of the Village of Brooklyn
Brooklyn
–
A typical dining table in the Dutch village of Brooklyn, c. 1664, from
The Brooklyn Museum.
4.
New York (state)
–
New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
New York (state)
–
British general
John Burgoyne surrenders at
Saratoga in 1777.
New York (state)
–
Flag
New York (state)
–
1800 map of New York from
Low's Encyclopaedia
New York (state)
–
The
Erie Canal at
Lockport, New York in 1839
5.
Valby
–
Valby is one of the 10 official districts of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is in the corner of Copenhagen Municipality, and has a mixture of different types of housing. Valby Hill marks the boundary between Valby and the — more central and more urban — neighbouring Vesterbro district, the expression west of Valby Hill is in Danish often used as a metonym for the provinces or outside Copenhagen. With the progressing redevelopment of the Carlsberg area into a new lively, high-density neighbourhood, other former industrial sites are also under redevelopment and Valby is today one of the districts in Copenhagen with the fastest growing population. Valby covers an area of 9.23 km² and has a population of 46,161, the most distinctive geographical features of the district are Valby Hill in its north-eastern corner and Harrestrup Å which marks its western boundary. Valby also borders on Damhus Lake in its extreme north-western corner, the Danshøj tumulus, along with many other archeological finds in the area, provides evidence that the Valby area has been inhabited since ancient times. Modern Valby has developed around the two villages of Valby and Vigerslev, the first recorded mention of the name Valby is from 1186, as Walbu, but the history of both settlements probably goes back considerably longer. Valby means village/house on the plain, in the early Middle Ages both villages came under Utterslev, a Crown estate which included most of the area around Havn, the small market town which later became Copenhagen. In 1682, Valby had 13 farms and 25 houses with no more land than a modest garden, at the time, the Valby community did not have its own church but instead, since 1628, belonged to Hvidovre Parish. In 1675, Hvidovre Church was extended with a Valby nave, in the 17th century, the road to Roskilde was taken through Valby and an inn opened. The first holder of the license was Hans Pedersen Bladt, a merchant who was elected mayor of Copenhagen in 1675. Valby also profited from the proximity of Frederiksberg Palace which was constructed from 1699 to 1703 atop Valby Hill as a new residence for King Frederick IV. The royal presence in the area brought along more activity in the village and it is said that Queen Marie Sophie, consort of King Frederick VI, often rode through Valby, handing out candy to the children. In 1721, the granted the community new trading privileges and a Rytterskole. Valby became particularly associated with raising poultry which the Valby women sold beside the Caritas Well on Gammeltorv in Copenhagen, the trade took place on Wednesdays and Saturdays, which were market days, until 1857. Instead Valby began to develop into an area where members of the bourgeoisie took up summer residency, one of the first to arrive in Valby proper was the actor James Price who spent his first summer there in 1795, shortly after his arrival in Denmark. He was followed by members of the bourgeoisie. When the first railway out of Copenhagen opened in 1847, a 30 km rail line to Roskilde, it had an intermediate station slightly east of where Valby station lies today
Valby
–
Valby rooftops
Valby
–
Daniel Vertangen: The
Assault on Copenhagen seen from Valby Hill
Valby
–
Valby women at
Gammeltorv, c. 1800
Valby
–
Carlsberg, c. 1883
6.
Copenhagen
–
Copenhagen, Danish, København, Latin, Hafnia) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark. Copenhagen has an population of 1,280,371. The Copenhagen metropolitan area has just over 2 million inhabitants, the city is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand, another small portion of the city is located on Amager, and is separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the strait of Øresund. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road, originally a Viking fishing village founded in the 10th century, Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century. Beginning in the 17th century it consolidated its position as a centre of power with its institutions, defences. After suffering from the effects of plague and fire in the 18th century and this included construction of the prestigious district of Frederiksstaden and founding of such cultural institutions as the Royal Theatre and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. Later, following the Second World War, the Finger Plan fostered the development of housing, since the turn of the 21st century, Copenhagen has seen strong urban and cultural development, facilitated by investment in its institutions and infrastructure. The city is the cultural, economic and governmental centre of Denmark, Copenhagens economy has seen rapid developments in the service sector, especially through initiatives in information technology, pharmaceuticals and clean technology. Since the completion of the Øresund Bridge, Copenhagen has become integrated with the Swedish province of Scania and its largest city, Malmö. With a number of connecting the various districts, the cityscape is characterized by parks, promenades. Copenhagen is home to the University of Copenhagen, the Technical University of Denmark, the University of Copenhagen, founded in 1479, is the oldest university in Denmark. Copenhagen is home to the FC København and Brøndby football clubs, the annual Copenhagen Marathon was established in 1980. Copenhagen is one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world, the Copenhagen Metro serves central Copenhagen while the Copenhagen S-train network connects central Copenhagen to its outlying boroughs. Serving roughly 2 million passengers a month, Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup, is the largest airport in the Nordic countries, the name of the city reflects its origin as a harbour and a place of commerce. The original designation, from which the contemporary Danish name derives, was Køpmannæhafn, meaning merchants harbour, the literal English translation would be Chapmans haven. The English name for the city was adapted from its Low German name, the abbreviations Kbh. or Kbhvn are often used in Danish for København, and kbh. for københavnsk. The chemical element hafnium is named for Copenhagen, where it was discovered, the bacterium Hafnia is also named after Copenhagen, Vagn Møller of the State Serum Institute in Copenhagen named it in 1954. Excavations in Pilestræde have also led to the discovery of a well from the late 12th century, the remains of an ancient church, with graves dating to the 11th century, have been unearthed near where Strøget meets Rådhuspladsen
Copenhagen
–
From upper left:
Christiansborg Palace,
Frederik's Church,
Tivoli Gardens and
Nyhavn.
Copenhagen
–
Reconstruction of Copenhagen c. 1500
Copenhagen
–
The
Tøjhus Arsenal (
1604)
Copenhagen
–
The
Børsen, former stock exchange (completed
1640)
7.
Bebop
–
As bebop was not intended for dancing, it enabled the musicians to play at faster tempos. Bebop musicians explored advanced harmonies, complex syncopation, altered chords, extended chords, chord substitutions, asymmetrical phrasing, Bebop groups used rhythm sections in a way that expanded their role. The term bebop is derived from nonsense syllables used in scat singing and it appears again in a 1936 recording of Ise a Muggin by Jack Teagarden. A variation, rebop, appears in several 1939 recordings, the first, known print appearance also occurred in 1939, but the term was little-used subsequently until applied to the music now associated with it in the mid-1940s. Some researchers speculate that it was a used by Charlie Christian because it sounded like something he hummed along with his playing. Another theory is that it derives from the cry of Arriba, used by Latin American bandleaders of the period to encourage their bands. At times, the bebop and rebop were used interchangeably. By 1945, the use of bebop/rebop as nonsense syllables was widespread in R&B music, ability to play sustained, high energy, and creative solos was highly valued for this newer style and the basis of intense competition. Swing-era jam sessions and cutting contests in Kansas City became legendary, the Kansas City approach to swing was epitomized by the Count Basie Orchestra, which came to national prominence in 1937. One young admirer of the Basie orchestra in Kansas City was an alto saxophone player named Charlie Parker. Young was equally daring with his rhythm and phrasing as with his approach to harmonic structures in his solos and he would frequently repeat simple two or three note figures, with shifting rhythmic accents expressed by volume, articulation, or tone. His phrasing was far removed from the two or four bar phrases that players had used until then. They would often be extended to an odd number of measures and he would take a breath in the middle of a phrase, using the pause, or free space, as a creative device. The overall effect was that his solos were something floating above the rest of the music, Parker played along with the new Basie recordings on a Victrola until he could play Youngs solos note for note. That understatement of harmonically sophisticated chords would soon be used by young musicians exploring the new language of bebop. That solo showed a sophisticated harmonic exploration of the tune, with implied passing chords, Hawkins would eventually go on to lead the first formal recording of the bebop style in early 1944. As the 1930s turned to the 1940s, Parker went to New York as a player in the Jay McShann Orchestra. Guitarist Charlie Christian, who had arrived in New York with the Benny Goodman Orchestra in 1939 was, like Parker, christians major influence was in the realm of rhythmic phrasing
Bebop
–
Dizzy Gillespie, at the Downbeat Club, NYC, ca 1947
Bebop
–
Several Bebop musicians headlining on
52nd Street, May 1948
8.
Blue Note Records
–
Blue Note Records is an American jazz record label, established in 1939 by Alfred Lion and Max Margulis. Francis Wolff became involved shortly afterwards and it derives its name from the characteristic blue notes of jazz and the blues. Originally dedicated to recording traditional jazz and small group swing, from 1947 the label began to switch its attention to modern jazz, while the original company did not itself record many of the pioneers of bebop, significant exceptions are Thelonious Monk, Fats Navarro and Bud Powell. Historically, Blue Note has principally been associated with the hard bop style of jazz, but also recorded essential albums in the avant-garde and free styles of jazz. Horace Silver, Jimmy Smith, Freddie Hubbard, Lee Morgan, Art Blakey, Grant Green, Hank Mobley, Wayne Shorter, Bobby Hutcherson, the label is currently owned by the Universal Music Group. Lion first heard jazz as a boy in Berlin. The Blue Note label initially consisted of Lion and Max Margulis, musicians were supplied with alcoholic refreshments, and recorded in the early hours of the morning after their evenings work in clubs and bars had finished. Francis Wolff, a photographer, emigrated to the USA at the end of 1939 and soon joined forces with Lion. In 1941, Lion was drafted into the army for two years, Milt Gabler at the Commodore Music Store offered storage facilities and helped keep the catalog in print, with Wolff working for him. By late 1943, the label was back in recording musicians. Johnson, who was returning to a degree of musical activity after having largely recovered from a stroke suffered in 1940. Towards the end of the war, saxophonist Ike Quebec was among those who recorded for the label, Quebec would act as a talent scout for the label until his death in 1963. Although stylistically belonging to a generation, he could appreciate the new bebop style of jazz. Lion recorded several Monk sessions before he began to release the resulting sides, monks recordings for Blue Note between 1947 and 1952 did not sell well for some years, but have since come to be regarded as the most important of his career. The sessions by Powell are commonly ranked among his best, J. J. Johnson and trumpeter Miles Davis both recorded several sessions for Blue Note between 1952 and 1954, but by then the musicians who had created bebop were starting to explore other styles. The recording of musicians performing in a jazz idiom, such as Sidney Bechet and clarinettist George Lewis. In 1951, Blue Note issued their first vinyl 10 releases, the label was soon recording emerging talent such as Horace Silver and Clifford Brown. Meanwhile, Milt Jackson and the Jazz Messengers recorded for Blue Note, the Milt Jackson Quartet session was a one-off, but Blakeys various groups recorded for the label extensively, if intermittently, for the next decade
Blue Note Records
–
Blue Note Records
9.
Jazz
–
Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a form of musical expression. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms, Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience, intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as one of Americas original art forms. As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different national, regional, and local musical cultures, New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging musicians music which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed in the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or musical scale, as the basis of musical structure and improvisation. Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, combining jazz improvisation with rock rhythms, electric instruments. In the early 1980s, a form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful. Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s, such as Latin, the question of the origin of the word jazz has resulted in considerable research, and its history is well documented. It is believed to be related to jasm, a term dating back to 1860 meaning pep. The use of the word in a context was documented as early as 1915 in the Chicago Daily Tribune. Its first documented use in a context in New Orleans was in a November 14,1916 Times-Picayune article about jas bands. In an interview with NPR, musician Eubie Blake offered his recollections of the slang connotations of the term, saying, When Broadway picked it up. That was dirty, and if you knew what it was, the American Dialect Society named it the Word of the Twentieth Century. Jazz has proved to be difficult to define, since it encompasses such a wide range of music spanning a period of over 100 years. Attempts have been made to define jazz from the perspective of other musical traditions, in the opinion of Robert Christgau, most of us would say that inventing meaning while letting loose is the essence and promise of jazz. As Duke Ellington, one of jazzs most famous figures, said, although jazz is considered highly difficult to define, at least in part because it contains so many varied subgenres, improvisation is consistently regarded as being one of its key elements
Jazz
–
Louis Armstrong (1901–1971) is considered one of the pivotal musicians in jazz for his contributions as a trumpet player, composer and singer.
Jazz
–
Double bassist
Reggie Workman, saxophone player
Pharoah Sanders, and drummer
Idris Muhammad performing in 1978
Jazz
–
Albert Gleizes, 1915, Composition pour Jazz, gouache on cardboard, mounted on Masonite, 73 x 73 cm,
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York
Jazz
–
In the late 18th-century painting
The Old Plantation, African-Americans dance to banjo and percussion.
10.
Brooklyn, New York
–
Brooklyn is the most populous borough of New York City, with a Census-estimated 2,636,735 residents in 2015. It borders the borough of Queens at the end of Long Island. Today, if New York City dissolved, Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous city in the U. S. behind Los Angeles, the borough continues, however, to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves, Brooklyns official motto, displayed on the Borough seal and flag, is Eendraght Maeckt Maght which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength. Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a hub of entrepreneurship and high technology startup firms. The history of European settlement in Brooklyn spans more than 350 years, the neighborhood of Marine Park was home to North Americas first tidal mill. It was built by the Dutch, and the foundation can be seen today, however, the area was not formally settled as a town. Many incidents and documents relating to this period are in Gabriel Furmans early compilation, what is today Brooklyn left Dutch hands after the final English conquest of New Netherland in 1664, a prelude to the Second Anglo–Dutch War. The English reorganized the six old Dutch towns on southwestern Long Island as Kings County on November 1,1683 and this tract of land was recognized as a political entity for the first time, and the municipal groundwork was laid for a later expansive idea of Brooklyn identity. On August 27,1776 was fought the Battle of Long Island, the first major engagement fought in the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared, and the largest of the entire conflict. British troops forced Continental Army troops under George Washington off the heights near the sites of Green-Wood Cemetery, Prospect Park. The fortified American positions at Brooklyn Heights consequently became untenable and were evacuated a few days later, One result of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 was the evacuation of the British from New York City, celebrated by residents into the 20th century. The New York Navy Yard operated in Wallabout Bay for the entire 19th century, the first center of urbanization sprang up in the Town of Brooklyn, directly across from Lower Manhattan, which saw the incorporation of the Village of Brooklyn in 1817. Reliable steam ferry service across the East River to Fulton Landing converted Brooklyn Heights into a town for Wall Street. Ferry Road to Jamaica Pass became Fulton Street to East New York, Town and Village were combined to form the first, kernel incarnation of the City of Brooklyn in 1834. Industrial deconcentration in mid-century was bringing shipbuilding and other manufacturing to the part of the county. Each of the two cities and six towns in Kings County remained independent municipalities, and purposely created non-aligning street grids with different naming systems and it later became the most popular and highest circulation afternoon paper in America. The publisher changed to L. Van Anden on April 19,1842, on May 14,1849 the name was shortened to The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, on September 5,1938 it was further shortened to Brooklyn Eagle
Brooklyn, New York
–
Clockwise from top left:
Brooklyn Bridge, Brooklyn brownstones,
Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch,
Brooklyn Borough Hall,
Coney Island
Brooklyn, New York
–
Currier and Ives print of Brooklyn, 1886.
Brooklyn, New York
–
Brooklyn Museum - Hooker's Map of the Village of Brooklyn
Brooklyn, New York
–
A typical dining table in the Dutch village of Brooklyn, c. 1664, from
The Brooklyn Museum.
11.
Boys and Girls High School
–
Boys and Girls High School, the oldest public high school in Brooklyn, is a comprehensive high school in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, New York, United States. The school is located at 1700 Fulton Street, as of the 2014-15 school year, the school had an enrollment of 643 students and 43.0 classroom teachers, for a student–teacher ratio of 15.0,1. There were 463 students eligible for free lunch and 15 eligible for reduced-cost lunch, brooklyns first public high school, the Central Grammar School, opened, September 1878 in a rented building on Court & Livingston Streets. The boys remained in the Court Street space, as there were now effectively two schools, in 1891 they were renamed as the Girls High School and the Boys High School. A new building for the boys was begun in 1891, on Marcy Avenue and it opened as Boys High School on November 1,1892. In 1975 the two schools were merged again, and shortly afterwards moved into their present building at Fulton Street. By 1989 some 70 percent of graduates were enrolled in colleges
Boys and Girls High School
–
Shirley Chisholm
12.
Charlie Parker
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Charles Charlie Parker, Jr. also known as Yardbird and Bird, was an American jazz saxophonist and composer. Parker was an influential jazz soloist and a leading figure in the development of bebop. Parker was a blazingly fast virtuoso, and he introduced revolutionary harmonic ideas including rapid passing chords, new variants of altered chords and his tone ranged from clean and penetrating to sweet and somber. Parker acquired the nickname Yardbird early in his career, Parker was an icon for the hipster subculture and later the Beat Generation, personifying the jazz musician as an uncompromising artist and intellectual rather than just an entertainer. Charles Parker, Jr. was born in Kansas City, Kansas, and raised in Kansas City, Missouri, the child of Charles Parker and Adelaide Addie. He attended Lincoln High School in September 1934, but withdrew in December 1935, Parker began playing the saxophone at age 11, and at age 14 he joined his schools band using a rented school instrument. His father, Charles, was absent but provided some musical influence, he was a pianist. He later became a Pullman waiter or chef on the railways, Parkers mother Addie worked nights at the local Western Union office. His biggest influence at that time was a trombone player who taught him the basics of improvisation. In the late 1930s Parker began to practice diligently, during this period he mastered improvisation and developed some of the ideas that led to bebop. In an interview with Paul Desmond, he said that he spent three to four years practicing up to 15 hours a day, bands led by Count Basie and Bennie Moten certainly influenced Parker. In 1937, Parker played at a jam session at the Reno Club in Kansas City and his attempt to improvise failed when he lost track of the chord changes. This prompted Jo Jones, the drummer for Count Basies Orchestra, in 1938 Parker joined pianist Jay McShanns territory band. The band toured nightclubs and other venues of the southwest, as well as Chicago, Parker made his professional recording debut with McShanns band. As a teenager, Parker developed a morphine addiction while hospitalized after an automobile accident and he continued using heroin throughout his life, and it ultimately contributed to his death. In 1939 Parker moved to New York City, to pursue a career in music and he held several other jobs as well. He worked for nine dollars a week as a dishwasher at Jimmies Chicken Shack, in 1942 Parker left McShanns band and played for one year with Earl Hines, whose band included Dizzy Gillespie, who later played with Parker as a duo. This period is virtually undocumented, due to the strike of 1942–1943 by the American Federation of Musicians, Parker joined a group of young musicians, and played in after-hours clubs in Harlem, such as [[Clark Monroes Uptown House
Charlie Parker
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Parker with
Tommy Potter,
Max Roach and
Miles Davis at Three Deuces, New York
Charlie Parker
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Parker's grave at Lincoln Cemetery
Charlie Parker
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"Bird Lives" sculpture by
Robert Graham in Kansas City, Missouri
Charlie Parker
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Charlie Parker Residence
13.
Miles Davis
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Miles Dewey Davis III was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, and composer. He is among the most influential and acclaimed figures in the history of jazz, with his ever-changing directions in music, Davis was at the forefront of a number of major stylistic developments in jazz over his five-decade career. In the early 1950s, Davis recorded some of the earliest hard bop music while on Prestige Records, after a widely acclaimed comeback performance at the Newport Jazz Festival in 1955, he signed a long-term contract with Columbia Records and recorded the 1957 album Round About Midnight. It was his first work with saxophonist John Coltrane and bassist Paul Chambers and his million-selling 1970 record Bitches Brew helped spark a resurgence in the genres commercial popularity with jazz fusion as the decade progressed. In 2006, Davis was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Miles Dewey Davis III was born on May 26,1926 into an affluent middle class African-American family in Alton, Illinois,15 miles north of St. Louis. The second of three children, he had a sister, Dorothy Mae, and a younger brother. His father, Miles Dewey Davis II of Arkansas, was a dental surgeon who earned three college degrees, and his mother Cleota Mae Davis, also of Arkansas, was a music teacher. They owned a 200-acre estate near Pine Bluff, Arkansas that housed a profitable pig farm where Davis and his siblings would ride horses, fish, and hunt. In 1927, the moved to East St. Louis, Illinois. From 1932 to 1934, Davis attended John Robinson Elementary School, an institution, followed by Crispus Attucks School where he performed well in mathematics, music. As a youngster Davis developed his earliest appreciation for music, citing the the blues, big bands, and gospel music. In 1935, Davis received his first trumpet as a gift from John Eubanks, a friend of his father and his mother objected the choice of instrument as she preferred her son took up the violin. Davis would carry his signature tone throughout his career. He once remarked on its importance to him, saying, I prefer a round sound with no attitude in it, like a voice with not too much tremolo. If I cant get that sound I cant play anything, in 1939, the family moved to 1701 Kansas Avenue in East St. Louis. For his 13th birthday held that year, Davis father bought his son a new trumpet, around this time, Davis took additional trumpet lessons from Joseph Gustat, principal trumpeter of the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra. In 1941, the 15-year-old Davis began at East St. Louis Lincoln High School where he joined the marching band directed by Buchanan. Davis claimed the contests he did not win was largely down to prejudice over his race, I went and got everything, every book I could get to learn about theory
Miles Davis
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Davis in 1955, photo by
Tom Palumbo
Miles Davis
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Miles Davis Youth House on 17th st. and Kansas Av.,
East St. Louis, IL in oct. 2014
Miles Davis
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Tommy Potter,
Charlie Parker, Miles Davis,
Duke Jordan,
Max Roach, August 1947
Miles Davis
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Coleman Hawkins and Miles Davis, c. September 1947
14.
Dial Records (1946)
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Dial Records was an American record company and label that specialized first in bebop jazz and then in contemporary classical music. It was founded in 1946 by Ross Russell, notable artists who recorded for Dial included Charlie Parker, who signed an exclusive one-year recording contract with Russell on 26 February 1946, Miles Davis, Max Roach, and Milt Jackson. Dial Records were initially made for the Tempo Music Shop of Hollywood, California, Labels of Dial Records said that they were Contemporary American Music, a dig at the traditionalist American Music Records label. In the summer of 1949 Ross Russell announced a change of focus, the first release in this new series was Béla Bartóks Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion. Russells interests shifted again in 1953, when he made field recordings of calypso music in the British, French. This resulted in the Dial Ethnic Series of ten ten-inch 33⅓ rpm discs, mosaic Records released a limited edition box-set of Dial recordings called The Complete Dial Modern Jazz Sessions. Dial 1002, A Night in Tunisia and Ornithology, both tracks were recorded by the Charlie Parker Septet at the legendary recording session on 28 March 1946. On its release, Billboard considered it A collectors item,1, Béla Bartók, Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion. William Masselos and Maro Ajemian, pianos, Saul Goodman and Abe Marcus,2, Arnold Schoenberg, Chamber Symphony No.1. Orchestre des Concerts Pasdeloup, conducted by Pierre Dervaux,3, Arnold Schoenberg, Ode to Napoleon Buonaparte, Op.41, String Trio, Op.45. Villers String Quartet, Jacques Monod, piano, Ellen Adler, conducted by René Leibowitz,4, Arnold Schoenberg, Third String Quartet, Op.30. 6, Alan Hovhaness, Piano Concerto, Tzaikerk, for flute, violin, timpani, Maro Ajemian, piano, Anahid Ajemian, violin, Phillip Kaplan, flute, Saul Goodman, timpani, Manhattan Chamber Orchestra, conducted by Alan Hovhaness. 9, Alban Berg, Chamber Concerto for Violin, Piano, roland Charny, violin, Jacques-Louis Monod, piano, Orchestre de chambre Paul Kuentz, conducted by René Leibowitz. 15, Alban Berg, Seven Songs of Youth, Schliesse mir die Augen beide, An Leukon, Four Songs Op.2, Four Pieces for Clarinet and Piano, bethany Beardslee, soprano, Jacques-Louis Monod, piano. Irene Joachim, soprano, chamber orchestra conducted by René Leibowitz, Earl Thomas, clarinet, Jacques-Louis Monod, Dial Nos. 20–21, John Cage, Sonatas and Interludes for prepared piano. Charlie Parker on Dial Complete Charlie Parker on Dial List of record labels Wheeler, Jazz by Mail, Record Clubs and Record Labels,1936 to 1958—Including Complete Discographies for Jazztone and Dial Records
Dial Records (1946)
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Label of Dial record by Charlie Parker
15.
Charlie Parker on Dial
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Charlie Parker on Dial, The Complete Sessions is a 1993 four-disc box set collecting jazz saxophonist and composer Charlie Parkers 1940s recordings for Dial Records. The box set has been well received. In 1996, a different box set collecting Parkers work with Dial was assembled by Jazz Classics, recorded during Parkers tenure with Dial Records between March 28,1946, and December 17,1947, these 89 songs have been released multiple times. The Guardian also describes the recordings as essential, the UK publication selected the Spotlite box set to represent Parker in its 2007 series on 1000 albums to hear before you die, noting that timeless themes. Inspired improvising and radical vision make these epochal episodes in modern music, except where otherwise noted, all songs composed by Charlie Parker. 1 –1,32 Lullaby in Rhythm, Pt. –3,26 How Deep is the Ocean, –3,07 Initially, Spotlite Records released the Dial recordings in a six-volume vinyl lp set in 1970. Recorded, Feb 5,1946 – Jul 29,1946 The first volume features several sessions, in one, Parker and Dizzy Gillespie perform Diggin Diz. In another, described by Yanow as superior, Parker and Miles Davis on trumpet lead a West Coast septet through several Parker standards, with variant takes. The final session on the album features Parker in performance with a Howard McGhee-led quintet where, according to Yanow, recorded, Feb 19,1947 This volume features the first session, including alternate takes, that Parker recorded following his hospitalization at Camarillo State Hospital in 1947. He is accompanied by the Erroll Garner trio, with vocalist Earl Coleman, although the rest of the album has more historical significance than sound quality, Yanow describes the volume as excellent and recommends it. Recorded, Oct 28,1947 The fourth volume presents Parker in performance with his 1947 quintet, featuring musicians Davis on trumpet, Duke Jordan on piano, the album features six classics and 10 alternative takes. In his review, Yanow indicates that this influential bop music. is full of brilliant moments, recorded, Jun 6,1945 – Nov 4,1947 Primarily from a session on November 4,1947, the 5th volume again features Parker with his 1947 quintet. Additionally, it includes tracks featuring vocals by Earl Coleman and a 1945 performance of Hallelujah with Parker, recorded, Dec 17,1947 Concluding the original six-volume run, Parkers quintet became a sextet with the addition of J. J. Additional material was taken from a set with Tadd Damerons Orchestra, featuring performances by Eager, ross Russell – liner notes Malcolm Walker – graphic design Tony Williams – liner notes
Charlie Parker on Dial
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Charlie Parker on Dial: The Complete Sessions
16.
Sonny Stitt
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Edward Sonny Stitt was an American jazz saxophonist of the bebop/hard bop idiom. He was one of the best-documented saxophonists of his generation, recording more than 100 albums and he was nicknamed the Lone Wolf by jazz critic Dan Morgenstern, in reference to his relentless touring and devotion to jazz. Stitt was sometimes viewed as a mere Charlie Parker mimic, especially earlier in his career, edward Boatner, Jr. was born in Boston, Massachusetts, and grew up in Saginaw, Michigan. Sonny was given up for adoption in 1924 by his father, no one seems to know why Boatner gave his son away, but the child was adopted by the Stitt family, who raised him in Saginaw. He later began calling himself Sonny, while in high school in Saginaw, Stitt played in the Len Francke Band, a local popular swing band. Parker is alleged to have remarked, Well, Ill be damned, you sound just like me, to which Stitt responded, Well and its the only way I know how to play. Kenny Clarke remarked of Stitts approach, Even if there had not been a Bird, Stitt had played in some swing bands in the early 1940s and was featured in Tiny Bradshaws big band in the early forties. He replaced Charlie Parker in Dizzy Gillespies bopbig band in 1945 and in 1946 made the first recordings under his own name for Savoy Records, later on, he played with Gene Ammons and Bud Powell. Stitt spent time at the Federal prison in Lexington, Kentucky, indeed, Stitt began to develop a far more distinctive sound on tenor. Stitt joined Miles Davis briefly in 1960, and recordings with Davis quintet can be only in live settings on the tour of 1960. Concerts in Manchester and Paris are available commercially and also a number of concerts on the record Live at Stockholm, all of which featured Wynton Kelly, Jimmy Cobb and Paul Chambers. However, Miles fired Stitt due to the drinking habit he had developed. Later in the 1960s, Stitt paid homage to one of his influences, Charlie Parker, on the album Stitt Plays Bird. Stitt recorded a number of records with his friend and fellow saxophonist Gene Ammons. Stitt would venture into soul jazz, and he recorded with fellow tenor saxophonist Booker Ervin in 1964 on the Soul People album, Stitt also recorded with Duke Ellington alumnus Paul Gonsalves in 1963 for Impulse. on the Salt And Pepper album in 1963. Stitt was one of the first jazz musicians to experiment with the Selmer Varitone amplification system as heard on the albums Whats New in 1966, indeed, his fiery and ebullient soloing was quite reminiscent of his earlier playing. In 1971 he also recorded album with Varitone, Just The Way It Was - Live At The Left Bank. Stitts productivity dropped in the 1970s due to alcoholism, Stitt had drank heavily since giving up heroin in the late fifties but the abuse was beginning to take its toll
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Sonny Stitt in New York City on July 6, 1976
17.
Stan Getz
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Stanley Stan Getz was an American jazz saxophonist. Playing primarily the tenor saxophone, Getz was known as The Sound because of his warm, lyrical tone, his influence being the wispy, mellow timbre of his idol. Coming to prominence in the late 1940s with Woody Hermans big band, Getz was born on February 2,1927, at St. Vincents Hospital in Philadelphia. In 1913, Harris and Beckie emigrated to the United States with their three sons Al, Phil, and Ben after their son Louis Gayetski in 1912. The Getz family first settled in Philadelphia, but during the depression the family moved to New York City, Getz worked hard in school, receiving straight As, and finished sixth grade close to the top of his class. Getzs major interest was in musical instruments and he played a number of them before his father bought him his first saxophone at the age of 13. Even though his father also got him a clarinet, Getz instantly fell in love with the saxophone and he attended James Monroe High School in the Bronx. In 1941, he was accepted into the All City High School Orchestra of New York City and this gave him a chance to receive private, free tutoring from the New York Philharmonics Simon Kovar, a bassoon player. He also continued playing the saxophone and he eventually dropped out of school in order to pursue his musical career, but was later sent back to the classroom by the school systems truancy officers. In 1943 at the age of 16, he was accepted into Jack Teagardens band, Getz also played along with Nat King Cole and Lionel Hampton. With Herman, he had a hit with Early Autumn and after Getz left The Second Herd he was able to launch his solo career and he was the leader on almost all of his recording sessions after 1950. Getzs reputation was enhanced by his featured status on Johnny Smiths 1952 album Moonlight in Vermont. The single of the tune became a hit that stayed on the charts for months. In the mid to late 1950s working from Scandinavia, Getz became popular playing cool jazz with Horace Silver, Johnny Smith, Oscar Peterson, and many others. His first two quintets were notable for their personnel, including Charlie Parkers rhythm section of drummer Roy Haynes, pianist Al Haig, a 1953 line-up of the Dizzy Gillespie/Stan Getz Sextet featured Gillespie, Getz, Peterson, Herb Ellis, Ray Brown and Max Roach. Returning to the U. S. from Europe in 1961, teaming with guitarist Charlie Byrd, who had just returned from a U. S. State Department tour of Brazil, Getz recorded Jazz Samba in 1962 and it quickly became a hit. Getz won the Grammy for Best Jazz Performance of 1963 for Desafinado and it sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. His second bossa nova album, also recorded in 1962, was Big Band Bossa Nova with composer and arranger Gary McFarland, as a follow-up, Getz recorded the album, Jazz Samba Encore. with one of the originators of bossa nova, Brazilian guitarist Luiz Bonfá
Stan Getz
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Stan Getz in 1958
Stan Getz
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With his granddaughter Katie in 1987 at the
Lincoln Center
18.
Clifford Brown
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Brownie, was an American jazz trumpeter. He died at the age of 25 in a car accident, nonetheless, he had a considerable influence on later jazz trumpet players, including Donald Byrd, Lee Morgan, Booker Little, Arturo Sandoval and Freddie Hubbard. He was also a composer of note, two of his compositions, Joy Spring and Daahoud, have become jazz standards. Brown won the Down Beat critics poll for the New Star of the Year in 1954, Brown was born into a musical family in a progressive East-Side neighborhood of Wilmington, Delaware. His father organized his four youngest sons, including Clifford, into a vocal quartet, around age ten, Brown started playing trumpet at school after becoming fascinated with the shiny trumpet his father owned. At age thirteen, upon entering senior high, his father bought him his own trumpet, as a junior in high school, he received lessons from Robert Boysie Lowery and played in a jazz group that Lowery organized. He even began making trips to Philadelphia, Brown took pride in his neighborhood and earned a good education from Howard High. Brown briefly attended Delaware State University as a major, before he switched to Maryland State College. Brown played in the fourteen-piece, jazz-oriented, Maryland State Band, in June 1950, he was seriously injured in a car accident after a successful gig. During his year-long hospitalization, Dizzy Gillespie visited the younger trumpeter, Browns injuries limited him to the piano for months, he never fully recovered and would routinely dislocate his shoulder for the rest of his life. Brown moved into playing music professionally, where he became one of the most highly regarded trumpeters in jazz. Brown was influenced and encouraged by Fats Navarro, sharing Navarros virtuosic technique and his sound was warm and round, and notably consistent across the full range of the instrument. He could articulate every note, even at very fast tempos which seemed to present no difficulty to him and his sense of harmony was highly developed, enabling him to deliver bold statements through complex harmonic progressions, and embodying the linear, algebraic terms of bebop harmony. In addition to his prowess, he could express himself deeply in a ballad performance. His first recordings were with R&B bandleader Chris Powell, following which he performed with Tadd Dameron, J. J. Johnson, Lionel Hampton, and Art Blakey before forming his own group with Max Roach. The Clifford Brown & Max Roach Quintet was a mark of the hard bop style. Browns trumpet was originally partnered with Harold Lands tenor saxophone, after Land left in 1955 in order to spend more time with his wife, Sonny Rollins joined and remained a member of the group for the rest of its existence. In their hands the bebop vernacular reached a peak of inventiveness, the clean-living Brown escaped the influence of heroin on the jazz world
Clifford Brown
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Clifford Brown
19.
Sheila Jordan
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Sheila Jordan is an American jazz singer and songwriter. She has recorded as a musician with an array of critically acclaimed artists in addition to a solo career. Jordan pioneered a bebop and scat singing style with an upright bass as the only accompaniment. Jordans music has earned praise from critics, particularly for her ability to improvise lyrics. Charlie Parker often introduced Jordan as the singer with the million dollar ears, Sheila Jordan grew up in Summerhill, Pennsylvania, before returning to her birthplace of Detroit, Michigan in 1940, playing the piano and singing semi-professionally in jazz clubs. She was influenced by Charlie Parker and was part of a trio called Skeeter, Mitch and Jean, the trio would often attend Parkers Detroit gigs, Parker became acquainted with them and would ask them to sing. In 1951, Jordan moved to New York City and studied harmony and music theory, taught by Lennie Tristano, however, Parker remained the focus of Jordans studies and the two became good friends until Parkers death in 1955, Jordan still refers to Parker as teacher. From 1952 to 1962 she was married to Parkers pianist, Duke Jordan, in a 2012 interview with JazzWax, when asked why she moved to New York, Jordan stated, I guess I was chasin the Bird. When asked if the song Chasin the Bird was written for her, she replied, I dont know how that rumor got started. In the early 1960s, Jordan had gigs and sessions in the Page Three Club in Greenwich Village, where she performed with pianist Herbie Nichols, for much of the 1960s, Jordan withdrew from club performing to raise her daughter. As a single mother, church performances became an appropriate venue and she supported herself by working as a typist and legal secretary for twenty years and was unable to concentrate on music full-time until she was 58 years old. In 1962, she worked with George Russell, with whom she recorded the song, later that year she recorded her Portrait of Sheila album which was sold to Blue Note. Jordans long working relationship with Steve Kuhn also began in the early 1960s, Jordan played with Don Heckman, Lee Konitz, Roswell Rudd. In 1974, Jordan was Artist in Residence at City College of New York, in 2006, City College announced that Jordan would be presented with the Manhattan Association of Cabarets & Clubs Lifetime Achievement Award and celebrate 28 years as an Adjunct Professor of Music. She has served as faculty for Jazz in July at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, on July 12,1975, she recorded Confirmation. One year later she did the duet album Sheila, with Arild Andersen for SteepleChase, in 1979, she founded a quartet with Steve Kuhn, Harvie S, and Bob Moses. During the 1980s, she worked with Harvie S as a duo, until 1987 she worked in an advertising agency and recorded Lost and Found in 1989. Jordan is also a songwriter who works in bebop and free jazz, in addition to the musicians previously mentioned, she has recorded with the George Gruntz Concert Jazz Band, Cameron Brown, Carla Bley, and Steve Swallow
Sheila Jordan
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Sheila Jordan
Sheila Jordan
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Sheila Jordan in 1985. Photo: Brian McMillen
20.
Cecil Payne
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Cecil Payne was an American jazz baritone saxophonist born in Brooklyn, NY. Payne also played the saxophone and flute. He played with prominent jazz musicians, in particular Dizzy Gillespie and Randy Weston. Payne received his first saxophone at the age of 13, asking his father for one after hearing Honeysuckle Rose performed by Count Basie with Lester Young soloing, Payne took lessons from a local alto sax player, Pete Brown. He studied at Boys High School, Bedford-Stuyvesant, Payne began his professional recording career with J. J. Johnson on the Savoy label in 1946. During that year he began playing with Roy Eldridge, through whom he met Dizzy Gillespie. His earlier recordings would largely fall under the category, until Gillespie hired him. Payne stayed on board until 1949, heard performing solos on Ow. in the early 1950s he found himself working with Tadd Dameron, and worked with Illinois Jacquet from 1952 to 1954. He then started work in New York City and frequently performed during this period with Randy Weston. Payne was still recording regularly for Delmark Records in the 1990s, when he was in his seventies, Payne was a cousin of trumpeter Marcus Belgrave, whom he recorded with briefly. Aside from his career in music, Payne helped run his fathers real estate company during the 1950s, Payne once said that his parents urged him to consider dentistry as a career. He countered their suggestion by pointing out no one would ever entrust his or her teeth to a Dr. Payne. Jazz à la Bohemia The Modern Art of Jazz by Randy Weston Uhuru Afrika Monterey 66 With Ernie Wilkins Septet
Cecil Payne
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Cecil Payne at the Kitano Hotel Jazz Club, NYC on June 11, 2005
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