1.
Richmond, Virginia
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Richmond is the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. It is the center of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Greater Richmond Region and it was incorporated in 1742, and has been an independent city since 1871. As of the 2010 census, the population was 204,214, in 2015, the population was estimated to be 220,289, the Richmond Metropolitan Area has a population of 1,260,029, the third-most populous metro in the state. Richmond is located at the line of the James River,44 miles west of Williamsburg,66 miles east of Charlottesville. Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties, the city is located at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast. The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy, and was settled by English colonists from Jamestown in 1609. The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737 and it became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780. During the American Civil War, Richmond served as the capital of the Confederate States of America, the city entered the 20th century with one of the worlds first successful electric streetcar systems. The Jackson Ward neighborhood is a hub of African-American commerce. Richmonds economy is driven by law, finance, and government, with federal, state. Dominion Resources and MeadWestvaco, Fortune 500 companies, are headquartered in the city, in 1737, planter William Byrd II commissioned Major William Mayo to lay out the original town grid. The settlement was laid out in April 1737, and was incorporated as a town in 1742, Richmond recovered quickly from the war, and by 1782 was once again a thriving city. A permanent home for the new government, the Virginia State Capitol building, was designed by Thomas Jefferson with the assistance of Charles-Louis Clérisseau, after the American Revolutionary War, Richmond emerged as an important industrial center. The legacy of the canal boatmen is represented by the figure in the center of the city flag, on April 17,1861, five days after the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, the legislature voted to secede from the United States and joined the Confederacy. Official action came in May, after the Confederacy promised to move its capital to Richmond. It became the target of Union armies, especially in the campaigns of 1862. The Seven Days Battles followed in late June and early July 1862, during which Union General McClellan threatened to take Richmond, three years later, as March 1865 ended, the Confederate capitol became indefensible. On March 25, Confederate General John B, gordons desperate attack on Fort Stedman east of Petersburg failed
2.
University of Richmond
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The University of Richmond is a private, nonsectarian, liberal arts college located in the city of Richmond, Virginia, with small portions of the campus extending into surrounding Henrico County. After 1834, the Columbia House was the academic building of Richmond College. During the American Civil War, the student body formed a regiment. Richmond Colleges buildings were used as a hospital for Confederate troops, the college invested all of its funds in Confederate war bonds, and the outcome of the war left it bankrupt. In 1866, James Thomas donated $5,000 to reopen the college, Williams School of Law opened in 1870. In 1894, the college elected Dr. Frederic W. Boatwright president, President Boatwright would serve for 51 years. The universitys main library, Boatwright Memorial Library, is named in Boatwrights honor, symbolically, the library and its soaring academic gothic tower occupy the highest spot on the grounds. Its grounds were landscaped in 1913, by Warren H, Manning under the supervision of Charles Gillette. The institution was renamed University of Richmond in 1920 with the college renamed Richmond College. The distinction of colleges was phased out in the late 20th century, but the parts of the campus continue to be referred to as the Westhampton. In 1949, the E. Claiborne Robins School of Business opened, followed by the School of Continuing Studies in 1962, in constant dollars, it remains among the largest. Robins goal was to make Richmond one of the best private universities in the country, in partnership with the Universitys president E. Bruce Heilman and development director H. Gerald Quigg the $10 million matching grant component of the gift raised over an additional $60 million, during World War II, Richmond was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission. In 1987, a donation of $20 million by Robert S. Jepson, the school, which opened in 1992, was the first of its kind in the U. S. In 1990, the missions of Richmond and Westhampton Colleges were combined to form the School of Arts. On October 15,1992, candidates George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, addressing a crowd of nearly 9,000, President Obama visited the University of Richmond to present the American Jobs Act on September 11,2011. Dr. Ronald A. Crutcher is the current president of the University of Richmond and he is former member of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. He is recognized to be the first cellist to receive the doctor of arts degree from Yale
3.
Seating capacity
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Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both the physical space available, and limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that seats two to a stadium that seats hundreds of thousands of people. The International Fire Code, portions of which have adopted by many jurisdictions, is directed more towards the use of a facility than the construction. It specifies, For areas having fixed seating without dividing arms and it also requires that every public venue submit a detailed site plan to the local fire code official, including details of the means of egress, seating capacity, arrangement of the seating. Once safety considerations have been satisfied, determinations of seating capacity turn on the size of the venue. For sports venues, the decision on maximum seating capacity is determined by several factors, chief among these are the primary sports program and the size of the market area. Seating capacity of venues also plays a role in what media they are able to provide, in contracting to permit performers to use a theatre or other performing space, the seating capacity of the performance facility must be disclosed. Seating capacity may influence the kind of contract to be used, the seating capacity must also be disclosed to the copyright owner in seeking a license for the copyrighted work to be performed in that venue. Venues that may be leased for private functions such as ballrooms and auditoriums generally advertise their seating capacity, seating capacity is also an important consideration in the construction and use of sports venues such as stadiums and arenas. The seating capacity for restaurants is reported as covers, a restaurant that can seat 99 is said to have 99 covers, seating capacity differs from total capacity, which describes the total number of people who can fit in a venue or in a vehicle either sitting or standing. Use of the term public capacity indicates that a venue is allowed to more people than it can actually seat. Again, the total number of people can refer to either the physical space available or limitations set by law
4.
FieldTurf
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FieldTurf is a brand of artificial turf playing surface. It is manufactured and installed by FieldTurf Tarkett, a division of French company Tarkett Inc. headquartered in Calhoun, Georgia, in the late 1990s, the artificial surface changed the industry with a design intended to replicate real grass. The new system quickly began taking market share from AstroTurf, and is now the leader in the industry, the surface is composed of monofilament polyethylene blend fibers tufted into a polypropylene backing. The infill is composed of a layer of silica sand, a middle layer which is a mixture of sand and cryogenic rubber. The fibers are meant to replicate blades of grass, while the acts as a cushion. This cushion is intended to improve safety when compared to earlier artificial surfaces and allows players to plant, each square foot of turf contains approximately 3 kg of sand and 1.5 kg of cryogenic rubber. FieldTurf does not use shock absorbency pads below its infill, the backing of the turf is a combination of woven and non-woven polypropylene. These materials are permeable and allow water to drain through the backing itself, jean Prévost bought the patent of the FieldTurf product in 1988 and originally named his Montreal-based company SynTenni Co. a name which would eventually be dropped in favor of FieldTurf Inc. In 1995, John Gilman, a former Canadian Football League player and coach, in 1997, FieldTurf made its first major installation for a professional team, at the training facility for the English Premierships Middlesbrough F. C. As of 2012, FieldTurf has installed over 7000 athletic fields, in 2005, French flooring manufacturer and minority shareholder Tarkett increased its share in FieldTurf, which led to the integration of the two companies. FieldTurf is now a part of the Tarkett Sports division, part of the holding company Tarkett SA, the FieldTurf head corporate office is located in Calhoun, Georgia. In May 2010, FieldTurf acquired EasyTurf of San Diego, California, by late 2016, press reports were describing the companys product as defective. A number of agencies in New Jersey had joined together to file a lawsuit against the firm. The suits allege that the DuraSpine product it sold was inferior, internal company documents showed the company knew its sales claims were false. There is evidence showing higher player injury on artificial turf, in a study performed by the National Football League Injury and Safety Panel, published in the October 2012 issue of the American Journal of Sports Medicine, Elliott B. Hershman et al. reviewed injury data from NFL games played between 2000 and 2009. the injury rate of knee sprains as a whole was 22% higher on FieldTurf than on natural grass. While MCL sprains did not occur at a significantly higher than on grass. There are conflicting studies of the safety of FieldTurf, a five-year study funded by FieldTurf and published in the American Journal of Sports Medicine found that injury rates for high school sports were similar on natural grass and synthetic turf
5.
Richmond Spiders
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The Richmond Spiders represent the University of Richmond in Richmond, Virginia. The Spiders compete in the Division I FCS of the National Collegiate Athletic Association as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference for most sports, from 1876 through 1893, Richmonds sports teams were known as the Colts, reportedly for their play as an energetic group of young colts. To this day, Richmond is the university in the United States with the spider as its official nickname. The Spiders have qualified for the WNIT six times under Shafer, through the end of the 2016–17 season, Shafer had amassed an overall record of 200–176 record, including an 89–89 record in Atlantic 10 play. The womens basketball plays its home games in the Robins Center. The Spiders mens cross country team is coached by Steve Taylor, Lori Taylor serves as the overall director of all of Richmonds cross country and track and field teams. In 2010, the team won the Atlantic 10 Championship as a team for the first time ever. They went on to fourth at the NCAA Southeast Regional meet to receive an at-large bid to the NCAA National Championship. Seeded in 28th place, the Richmond Spiders placed 24th at the NCAA National Championship, beating, among others, top-ranked Notre Dame, Texas, Louisville, Penn State, the Richmond Spiders Womens Cross Country and Track and Field teams are coached by Lori Taylor. In 2006-2007, she guided the Spider women to a finish in the Cross Country, Indoor Track. In 2008, she coached the Spider women to a championship in Cross Country. In 2010 the conference championship again went the Spider women, making it their second championship to date, the home of the Spiders XC/Track program is the Fred Hardy Track, on the University of Richmonds campus just north of the Robins Center. The history of the dates to 1920, and it has been ranked as high as tenth among Division I programs in recent years. The teams home field is Crenshaw Field, the University of Richmonds mens golf team finished fourth in the 2007 Atlantic 10 Conference championship tournament. The Spiders have captured three conference championships and qualified for four NCAA Regional Championships, as well as the 1999 NCAA National Championship, the current head coach of the Spiders is Adam Decker. The University of Richmonds womens golf competes as a member of the Patriot League beginning in the 2014-15 season. They used to be a member of the Colonial Athletic Association, the program came into existence in 2002, and since that time the Spiders have finished no lower than fourth in any of the five CAA championship tournaments in which they have competed. The current head coach of the Spiders is Ali Wright, the Richmond mens lacrosse team played its first full varsity season in 2014 as an associate member of the Atlantic Sun Conference
6.
Richmond Spiders football
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The Richmond Spiders are a college football team representing the University of Richmond in Richmond, Virginia. Richmond was the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision champion for the 2008 season, Richmond currently competes in the Colonial Athletic Association of the NCAAs Division I Football Championship Subdivision. In 2008, #7 Richmond beat Eastern Kentucky, Appalachian State, in the FCS National Championship Game on December 19,2008, they defeated Montana 24–7 to win the first team NCAA national title for the University of Richmond in any sport. Richmonds traditional rival in sports is the College of William & Mary. Richmond and William & Mary have met 123 times since 1898, only Lafayette-Lehigh, Princeton–Yale, and Harvard-Yale have played more games. They were FCS National Champions in 2008
7.
Multi-purpose stadium
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Multi-purpose stadiums are a type of stadium designed to be easily used by multiple types of events. While any stadium could potentially host more than one type of sport or event and it is used most commonly in Canada and the United States, where the two most popular outdoor team sports – football and baseball – require radically different facilities. Football uses a field, while baseball is played on a diamond. This requires a design to accommodate both, usually an oval. While building stadiums in this way means that sports teams and governments can share costs, some stadiums were renovated to allow multipurpose configurations during the 1980s. This type of stadium is associated with an era of suburbanization, in many sports teams followed their fans out of large cities into areas with cheaper. They were usually built near highways and had large parking lots, as multipurpose stadiums were rarely ideal for both sports usually housed in them, they had fallen out of favor by the 1990s. With the completion of the Truman Sports Complex in Kansas City in 1973, since Oriole Park at Camden Yards opened in 1992, most major league sports stadiums have been built specifically for one sport. In other countries, such as England, teams rarely share facilities, in Australia, many sports grounds are suited to both Australian rules football and cricket, as Australian rules was originally conceived for play on cricket fields. As of 2016, the Oakland Coliseum is the last multipurpose stadium to serve as a home to both an MLB team and an NFL team. Several stadiums hosted multiple sports teams prior to the advent of multipurpose stadiums, the original configuration of Yankee Stadium was specifically designed to accommodate football, as well as track and field, in addition to its primary use for baseball. Wrigley Field, while originally built for baseball, also hosted the Chicago Bears, just as Comiskey Park hosted the Chicago Cardinals, later venues such as Cleveland Stadium and Baltimore Memorial Stadium were built to accommodate both baseball and football. In the 1960s, multipurpose stadiums began replacing their baseball-only and football-only predecessors, subsets of the multipurpose stadiums were the so-called cookie-cutter stadiums or concrete donuts which were all very similar in design. They featured a circular or nearly circular design, and accommodated both baseball and football by rotating sections of the box seat areas to fit the respective playing fields. The first of these stadiums was Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium, as of 2016, seven of these 11 stadiums have been demolished. The Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome was unusual in that it was one of the few air-supported dome stadiums that was multipurpose in practice, being convertible between football and baseball. Home of the Minnesota Vikings through the 2013 season, it was home to the Minnesota Twins until 2009. The Carrier Dome was another such air-supported, multipurpose stadium, although it was built to accommodate sports such as football
8.
Virginia
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Virginia is a state located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, as well as in the historic Southeast. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, the capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond, Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealths estimated population as of 2014 is over 8.3 million, the areas history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony, slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colonys early politics and plantation economy. Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction, the Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World. The state government was ranked most effective by the Pew Center on the States in both 2005 and 2008 and it is unique in how it treats cities and counties equally, manages local roads, and prohibits its governors from serving consecutive terms. Virginias economy changed from agricultural to industrial during the 1960s and 1970s. Virginia has an area of 42,774.2 square miles, including 3,180.13 square miles of water. Virginias boundary with Maryland and Washington, D. C. extends to the mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. The southern border is defined as the 36° 30′ parallel north, the border with Tennessee was not settled until 1893, when their dispute was brought to the U. S. Supreme Court. The Chesapeake Bay separates the portion of the Commonwealth from the two-county peninsula of Virginias Eastern Shore. The bay was formed from the river valleys of the Susquehanna River. Many of Virginias rivers flow into the Chesapeake Bay, including the Potomac, Rappahannock, York, and James, the Tidewater is a coastal plain between the Atlantic coast and the fall line. It includes the Eastern Shore and major estuaries of Chesapeake Bay, the Piedmont is a series of sedimentary and igneous rock-based foothills east of the mountains which were formed in the Mesozoic era. The region, known for its clay soil, includes the Southwest Mountains around Charlottesville. The Blue Ridge Mountains are a province of the Appalachian Mountains with the highest points in the state. The Ridge and Valley region is west of the mountains and includes the Great Appalachian Valley, the region is carbonate rock based and includes Massanutten Mountain. The Cumberland Plateau and the Cumberland Mountains are in the southwest corner of Virginia, in this region, rivers flow northwest, with a dendritic drainage system, into the Ohio River basin
9.
Richmond Spiders men's lacrosse
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The Richmond Spiders mens lacrosse team represents the University of Richmond in Richmond, Virginia and competes in the Southern Conference of NCAA Division I. The Spiders play their games at Robins Stadium and are currently coached by Dan Chemotti. One month after revealing its plans to elevate mens lacrosse to varsity status, in February 2013, Richmond announced it would join the Atlantic Sun Conference as an associate member for mens lacrosse when the program began play in 2014. Richmond began play in the 2014 season, hosting No.7 Virginia in front of 4,249 fans at Robins Stadium, Richmond held a halftime lead over the Cavaliers but ultimately fell, 13–12. Richmond upset Mercer in the semifinals, 14–6, before defeating No.2 seed High Point, 8–7, Richmond became the first first-year program in NCAA Division I history to qualify for the tournament. The Spiders traveled to Air Force for one of two games, where Richmond fell, 13–5. With the addition of Bellarmine University, the 2015 SoCon season included seven programs, the 2015 season saw the Spiders finish the regular season with a 10–4 record, with three of the four losses coming to nationally ranked teams. Richmond finished a perfect 6–0 in SoCon play, earning a championship and the top seed in the Southern Conference tournament. Richmond defeated Furman in the semifinals but fell to High Point in double overtime in the championship game,2016 saw the Southern Conference add Air Force as its eighth mens lacrosse program. The Spiders once again finished the season with a 10–4 record. Richmonds lone conference defeat was a 9–8 loss to Air Force, in the Southern Conference tournament once again held at Robins Stadium, the Spiders defeated No.3 seed High Point before falling once again to Air Force, 9–8 in overtime. Lost NCAA play-in game 13–5 to Air Force, Dan Chemotti Brendan Hynes Jackson Cabot Mitch Goldberg J. P. Forester Mitch Goldberg Brendan Hynes Benny Pugh Alex Hatem
10.
First Market Bank
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First Market Bank was a federal savings bank founded and headquartered in Richmond, Virginia. It offered a range of both retail and commercial products as well as mortgage, trust and investment services. The bank also employed more than 300 people and it completed a merger with Union Bankshares on February 1,2010 to become Union First Market Bankshares Corporation. First Market began operations on November 4,1997 with seven branches and it was a joint venture between Ukrops Super Markets, Inc. and National Commerce Bancorporation of Memphis, TN. This was the first partnership of its kind, where a retailer shared in the ownership of a co-located bank and this move also brought the banks headquarters to Richmond. By 2009, First Market operated 39 full-service branches, with 25 inside Ukrop’s Supermarkets, the bank had a geographic footprint including Richmond, Fredericksburg, Roanoke, and Williamsburg, VA. Assets totaled $1.4 billion, net loans totaled $1.0 billion, deposits totaled $1.2 billion, and shareholders’ equity totaled $125.1 million. On March 30,2009, First Market Bank agreed to be acquired by Bowling Green, the merger was complete on February 1,2010, and on March 22, the branches reopened as Union First Market Bank. The new company became the largest community bank in Virginia, and this transaction paralleled the sale of the assets of Ukrop’s Super Markets to Giant Food Stores of Carlisle, PA on February 8,2010
