Ekman transport is part of Ekman motion theory, first investigated in 1902 by Vagn Walfrid Ekman. Winds are the main source of energy for ocean circulation, and Ekman transport is a component of wind-
Ekman transport is the net motion of fluid as the result of a balance between Coriolis and turbulent drag forces. In the picture above, the wind blowing North in the Northern Hemisphere creates a surface stress and a resulting Ekman spiral is found below it in the water column. The Ekman layer is the layer in a fluid where the flow is the result of a balance between pressure gradient, Coriolis and turbulent drag forces.
Two figures showing the bottom Ekman spiral. The figure on the left is the 3D Ekman spiral, the figure on the right 2D.
Two figures showing the surface Ekman spiral. The figure on the left is the 3D Ekman spiral, the figure on the right 2D.
In meteorology, the planetary boundary layer, also known as the atmospheric boundary layer or peplosphere, is the lowest part of the atmosphere and its behaviour is directly influenced by its contact
Ekman transport
…type occurs at the surface of the ocean and is forced by surface winds, which act as a drag on the surface of the ocean. The second type occurs at the bottom of the atmosphere and ocean, where frictional forces are associated with flow over rough surfaces. The mathematical formulation of the Ekman layer begins by assuming a…
Depiction of where the planetary boundary layer lies on a sunny day.
The difference in the amount of aerosols below and above the boundary layer is easy to see in this aerial photograph. Light pollution from the city of Berlin is strongly scattered below the layer, but above the layer it mostly propagates out into space.
A shelf cloud at the leading edge of a thunderstorm complex on the South Side of Chicago that extends from the Hyde Park community area to over the Regents Park twin towers and out over Lake Michigan