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Planetary boundary layer
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In meteorology, the planetary boundary layer, also known as the atmospheric boundary layer or peplosphere, is the lowest part of the atmosphere and its behaviour is directly influenced by its contact
Depiction of where the planetary boundary layer lies on a sunny day.
Depiction of where the planetary boundary layer lies on a sunny day.
The difference in the amount of aerosols below and above the boundary layer is easy to see in this aerial photograph. Light pollution from the city of
The difference in the amount of aerosols below and above the boundary layer is easy to see in this aerial photograph. Light pollution from the city of Berlin is strongly scattered below the layer, but above the layer it mostly propagates out into space.
A shelf cloud at the leading edge of a thunderstorm complex on the South Side of Chicago that extends from the Hyde Park community area to over the Re
A shelf cloud at the leading edge of a thunderstorm complex on the South Side of Chicago that extends from the Hyde Park community area to over the Regents Park twin towers and out over Lake Michigan
Ekman transport
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Ekman transport is part of Ekman motion theory, first investigated in 1902 by Vagn Walfrid Ekman. Winds are the main source of energy for ocean circulation, and Ekman transport is a component of wind-
Planetary boundary layer
…is approximately geostrophic (parallel to the isobars), while within the PBL the wind is affected by surface drag and turns across the isobars (see Ekman layer for more detail). Typically, due to aerodynamic drag, there is a wind gradient in the wind flow ~100 meters above the Earth's surface—the surface layer…
Ekman transport is the net motion of fluid as the result of a balance between Coriolis and turbulent drag forces. In the picture above, the wind blowi
Ekman transport is the net motion of fluid as the result of a balance between Coriolis and turbulent drag forces. In the picture above, the wind blowing North in the Northern Hemisphere creates a surface stress and a resulting Ekman spiral is found below it in the water column. The Ekman layer is the layer in a fluid where the flow is the result of a balance between pressure gradient, Coriolis and turbulent drag forces.
Two figures showing the bottom Ekman spiral. The figure on the left is the 3D Ekman spiral, the figure on the right 2D.
Two figures showing the bottom Ekman spiral. The figure on the left is the 3D Ekman spiral, the figure on the right 2D.
Two figures showing the surface Ekman spiral. The figure on the left is the 3D Ekman spiral, the figure on the right 2D.
Two figures showing the surface Ekman spiral. The figure on the left is the 3D Ekman spiral, the figure on the right 2D.