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History
Eugenics
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Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population. Historically, eugenicists have attempted to alter human gene pools by excluding people and groups judged to be inferior or promoting those judged to be superior. In recent years, the term has seen a revival in bioethical discussions on the usage of new technologies such as CRISPR and genetic screening, with heated debate around whether these technologies should be considered eugenics or not.
A 1930s exhibit by the Eugenics Society. Two of the signs read "Healthy and Unhealthy Families" and "Heredity as the Basis of Efficiency".
A 1930s exhibit by the Eugenics Society. Two of the signs read "Healthy and Unhealthy Families" and "Heredity as the Basis of Efficiency".
Francis Galton, an early eugenicist, coined the term itself.[need quotation to verify]
Francis Galton, an early eugenicist, coined the term itself.[need quotation to verify]
G. K. Chesterton, an opponent of eugenics, photographed by Ernest Herbert Mills in 1909
G. K. Chesterton, an opponent of eugenics, photographed by Ernest Herbert Mills in 1909
Schloss Hartheim, a former center for Nazi Germany's Aktion T4 campaign
Schloss Hartheim, a former center for Nazi Germany's Aktion T4 campaign
Selective breeding
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Selective breeding is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together. Domesticated animals are known as breeds, normally bred by a professional breeder, while domesticated plants are known as varieties, cultigens, cultivars, or breeds. Two purebred animals of different breeds produce a crossbreed, and crossbred plants are called hybrids. Flowers, vegetables and fruit-trees may be bred by amateurs and commercial or non-commercial professionals: major crops are usually the provenance of the professionals.
A Belgian Blue cow. The defect in the breed's myostatin gene is maintained through linebreeding and is responsible for its accelerated lean muscle gro
A Belgian Blue cow. The defect in the breed's myostatin gene is maintained through linebreeding and is responsible for its accelerated lean muscle growth.
This Chihuahua mix and Great Dane shows the wide range of dog breed sizes created using selective breeding.
This Chihuahua mix and Great Dane shows the wide range of dog breed sizes created using selective breeding.
Selective breeding transformed teosinte's few fruitcases (left) into modern maize's rows of exposed kernels (right).
Selective breeding transformed teosinte's few fruitcases (left) into modern maize's rows of exposed kernels (right).
Researchers at the USDA have selectively bred carrots with a variety of colors.
Researchers at the USDA have selectively bred carrots with a variety of colors.