Ferry slip
A ferry slip is a specialized docking facility that receives a ferryboat or train ferry. A similar structure called a barge slip receives a barge or car float, used to carry wheeled vehicles across a body of water. A ferry intended for motor vehicle transport will carry its own adjustable ramp - when elevated it acts as a wave guard and is lowered to a horizontal position at the terminus to meet a permanent road segment that extends under water. In other cases, the ramp is called a linkspan or apron; such a ramp is adjustable to accommodate varying water heights and ferry loadings and to move it out of the way during approach and exit. If railcars are carried by the ferry the apron will have tracks for them. In some parts of the world, the structures are known as linkspans and transfer bridges. Similar structures are used to receive barges if the barge is for the carriage of railcars. In the example shown below, a tugboat was positioned on the left side of the barge, pulling it with a stout rope called a springline.
Nearly identical structures were used around San Francisco Bay. Unlike the electric motor drive used here and elsewhere, the Point Richmond ferry slip used water tanks as a portion of the counterweight, with the amount of water regulated to move the apron up or down by admitting or draining water from the tanks. Here, three tracks are provided for loading the barge. On the barge the three tracks are spread to allow clearance for the freight cars; the slip consists of pilings and guide boards to position the barge relative to the apron. Once the barge is located properly, links are lowered from the apron to engage hooks on the barge, locking the linkspan and barge together. While the apron shown could bear the weight of a locomotive, it could not withstand the traction, so a string of flatcars was used to link the locomotive to a short string of railcars, which were moved on or off of the barge. If a locomotive was to be moved, it would be moved by another locomotive using the same method; the auxiliary track to the left of the headworks was for storage of the flatcar string.
This example, located in San Francisco, south of China Basin was a principal crew change point for maritime operations of the Santa Fe Railroad. It is no longer in use, it remains intact but there are no longer any connecting rails along the shoreline - once the province of the San Francisco Belt Railroad, operated along The Embarcadero by the state of California in support of maritime traffic. This was used extensively in an era when large cargo ships would contain crates or pallets of stores, moved to and from the ship's cargo holds by crews of stevedores and on the docks by crews of longshoremen, with the ship's own spar cranes and winches used for movement. Transport to and from the docks was by rail. Rather than make a long trip down the San Francisco Peninsula, railcars were barged about the bay, both by the Santa Fe and by the Southern Pacific. Southern Pacific replaced their multiple tug and barge system with a single specialized ferryboat. Two ferry slips were used by Santa Fe in San Francisco, here near China Basin, at the north edge of town near the Maritime Museum.
Most traffic would be taken across the bay to Oakland or Richmond for connection with the major transcontinental rail lines, with a small amount of traffic for California's northern coastal region passing through a slip at Tiburon on Richardson Bay. San Francisco is no longer a significant port for freight as the mode of transport is now in containers, carried by container ships; the containers are loaded on and off ships at the Port of Oakland across the bay, conveniently close to the land modes of container transport - railroad and specialized trucking. The rise of the Port of Oakland and its dominance over San Francisco as a freight port is an example of the exploitation of a disruptive technology by a competitor with a insignificant investment in the older form of the technology. Facilities similar to those pictured above were still in commercial operation as of 2007 in the Port of New York and New Jersey, transferring freight cars between Greenville Yard in Jersey City, New Jersey, Bush Terminal Yard in Brooklyn, New York.
They are run by New York New Jersey Rail, LLC
Weehawken Terminal
Weehawken Terminal was the waterfront intermodal terminal on the North River in Weehawken, New Jersey for the New York Central Railroad's West Shore Railroad division, whose route travelled along the west shore of the Hudson River. It opened in 1884 and closed in 1959; the complex contained five ferry slips, sixteen passenger train tracks, car float facilities, extensive yards. The facility was used by the New York and Western Railway; the terminal was one of five passenger railroad terminals that lined the Hudson Waterfront during the 19th and 20th centuries, the others were located at Hoboken, Exchange Place and Communipaw, with Hoboken being the only one still in use. A patent for a ferry route from Weehawken to Manhattan was first granted by Governor of New York Richard Coote in 1700, it was a sail and row service superseded by steamboat service, notably at Hoboken in 1834. The route operated sporadically for years, became object of a legislative investigation in 1870, it was purchased by the New Jersey Midland Railway in 1871.
From 1913 until the 1927 opening of the Holland Tunnel, it was a component of the National Old Trails Road and the Lincoln Highway, two of the oldest transcontinental highways in the United States, both of which began at Times Square, crossed the river, traveled up Hudson Palisades along Pershing Road. In addition to 42nd Street, boats traveled to Cortland Street Ferry Depot in lower Manhattan; the Weehawken was the last ferry to the terminal on March 25, 1959 at 1:10 am, ending 259 years of continuous ferry service. The West Shore Railroad maintained extensive routes to the west; the New York Central bought the New York, West Shore and Buffalo Railway on November 24, 1885 and reorganized their new acquisition as the West Shore Railroad on December 5 leasing it for 475 years from January 1, 1886. Trains departed the terminal and travelled under Bergen Hill, as the southern portion of the Hudson Palisades is known, in a tunnel, built in the three preceding years, they travelled inland and north along the Palisade ridge between the competing Erie Railroad Northern Branch and Pascack Valley Line.
At Haverstraw the route returned to the river proceeding north to Kingston and Albany and to Buffalo. Suburban service to the Northern Valley in Bergen County and Rockland County included stops at Bogota, Dumont and Nyack. In the early 1990s there were studies made to consider the revival of service along the right-of-way to Nyack; the NYO&W mainline ran to a port city on Lake Ontario. It had branch lines to Kingston. Using the same tunnel, the New York Central operated the New Jersey Junction Railroad south to Jersey City and the New Jersey Shore Line Railroad north to Edgewater. Portions of those rights-of-way became part of Conrail's River Line and subsequently the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail. Between 1892-1949 streetcars operated by the North Hudson County Railway, the Public Service Railway as lines 19 Union City, 21 West New York, 23 Palisade, 25 Weehawken, ran along Pershing Road providing local access to the terminal. For a brief period in the 1890s the terminal was served by a massive elevator structure which transported passengers to a trestle where they could board additional streetcars.
The trestle streetcars serviced three well known entertainment venues — the Eldorado. The current Port Imperial Station of the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail line is across the road from the former site of the rail terminal; the Weehawken waterfront is located north of Weehawken Cove on a long narrow strip of land between the Hudson River and Hudson Palisades that in the last centuries has been transformed from an estuary flood zone once called Slough's Meadow to an extensive rail and shipping port and, since the 1990s to a residential and recreation area. Many duels, including the famous 1804 the Burr–Hamilton duel took place on a site latter obliterated by rail infrastructure; the Erie Railroad Pier D and Piershed is a remnant of the rail era, New Jersey Register of Historic Places site designated in 1984. Renovated and used as office space; the United Fruit Company once maintained the largest banana warehouse in the USA nearby. The Hudson River Waterfront Walkway is a completed promenade along the bulkhead.
On a much smaller scale restoration of rail and ferry services began in 2006 at Weehawken Port Imperial provided by Hudson Bergen Light Rail and New York Waterway. Which opened its new passenger ferry terminal Ferries travel to Pier 79, Battery Park City Ferry Terminal. and Pier 11/Wall Street. In 2009, the terminal was instrumental in the rescue of passengers for US Airways Flight 1549, which made an emergency landing on the Hudson River. Bergen Hill Bergenline Avenue Timeline of Jersey City area railroads List of ferries across the Hudson River in New York City Railroad terminals in New York City List of Public Service Railway lines New York Central Railroad 69th Street Transfer Bridge New York Central Tugboat 13 Weehawken ferry company. Charters of the Weehawken ferry company Charters of the Weehawken ferry company Charters of the Weehawken ferry company. F. Hart. Historic American Engineering Record No. NJ-109-A, "New York, West Shore & Buffalo Railroad, Weehawken Tunnel" Old Photo of Terminal Street Terminal photo 1882 description of site
Manhattan
Manhattan referred to locally as the City, is the most densely populated of the five boroughs of New York City and its economic and administrative center, cultural identifier, historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U. S. state of New York. The borough consists of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson and Harlem rivers. S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River. Manhattan Island is divided into three informally bounded components, each aligned with the borough's long axis: Lower and Upper Manhattan. Manhattan has been described as the cultural, financial and entertainment capital of the world, the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world, Manhattan is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization: the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ.
Many multinational media conglomerates are based in Manhattan, the borough has been the setting for numerous books and television shows. Manhattan real estate has since become among the most expensive in the world, with the value of Manhattan Island, including real estate, estimated to exceed US$3 trillion in 2013. Manhattan traces its origins to a trading post founded by colonists from the Dutch Republic in 1624 on Lower Manhattan. Manhattan is documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders, which equals $1038 in current terms; the territory and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York. New York, based in present-day Manhattan, served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790; the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a world symbol of the United States and its ideals of liberty and peace.
Manhattan became a borough during the consolidation of New York City in 1898. New York County is the United States' second-smallest county by land area, is the most densely populated U. S. county. It is one of the most densely populated areas in the world, with a census-estimated 2017 population of 1,664,727 living in a land area of 22.83 square miles, or 72,918 residents per square mile, higher than the density of any individual U. S. city. On business days, the influx of commuters increases this number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile. Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York City's five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, is the smallest borough in terms of land area. Manhattan Island is informally divided into three areas, each aligned with its long axis: Lower and Upper Manhattan. Many districts and landmarks in Manhattan are well known, as New York City received a record 62.8 million tourists in 2017, Manhattan hosts three of the world's 10 most-visited tourist attractions in 2013: Times Square, Central Park, Grand Central Terminal.
The borough hosts many prominent bridges, such as the Brooklyn Bridge. Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village, part of the Stonewall National Monument, is considered the birthplace of the modern gay rights movement; the City of New York was founded at the southern tip of Manhattan, the borough houses New York City Hall, the seat of the city's government. Numerous colleges and universities are located in Manhattan, including Columbia University, New York University, Cornell Tech, Weill Cornell Medical College, Rockefeller University, which have been ranked among the top 40 in the world; the name Manhattan derives from the Munsee dialect of the Lenape language'manaháhtaan'. The Lenape word has been translated as "the place where we get bows" or "place for gathering the bows". According to a Munsee tradition recorded in the 19th century, the island was named so for a grove of hickory trees at the lower end, considered ideal for the making of bows.
It was first recorded in writing as Manna-hata, in the 1609 logbook of Robert Juet, an officer on Henry Hudson's yacht Halve Maen. A 1610 map depicts the name as Manna-hata, twice, on both the west and east sides of the Mauritius River. Alternative folk etymologies include "island of many hills", "the island where we all became intoxicated" and "island", as well as a phrase descriptive of the whirlpool at Hell Gate; the area, now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans. In 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano – sailing in service of King Francis I of France – became the first documented European to visit the area that would become New York City, he entered the tidal strait now known as The Narrows and named the land around Upper New York
Goods station
A goods station or freight station is, in the widest sense, a railway station where, either or predominantly, such as merchandise and manufactured items, are loaded onto or unloaded off of ships or road vehicles and/or where goods wagons are transferred to local sidings. A station where goods are not received or dispatched, but transferred on their way to their destination between the railway and another means of transport, such as ships or lorries, may be referred to as a transshipment station; this takes the form of a container terminal and may be known as a container station. Goods stations were more widespread in the days when the railways were common carriers and were converted from former passenger station whose traffic had moved elsewhere; the world's first dedicated goods terminal was the 1830 Park Lane Goods Station at the South End Liverpool Docks. Built in 1830 the terminal was reached by a 1.24-mile tunnel from Edge Hill in the east of the city. The station was a part of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, a first being the first inter-city railway.
Goods stations may be located: next to a passenger station, separately from the associated passenger station on one of the railway lines leading from it, as an independent facility not connected with any particular passenger station. Where individual goods wagons are dispatched to specific goods stations, they are delivered to special shunting stations or marshalling yards where they are sorted and collected. Sometimes there are combined shunting and goods stations. A goods station is equipped with a large number of storage and loading sidings in order to fulfil its task. On the loading sidings there may be fixed facilities, such as cranes or conveyor belts, or temporary equipment, such as wheeled ramps for the loading of sugar beet. Stations where the primary purpose of the station is the handling of containers are known as container terminals, they are equipped with special cranes and fork-lift vehicles for loading containers from lorries or ships onto the railway vehicles, or vice versa. If only a small section of a station is used for the loading and unloading of goods, it may be referred to as the "loading area" or "loading dock" and has its own access and signposting.
There are no facilities for loading and the individual firm has to organise its own loading equipment such as conveyor belts or lorry cranes. Such loading areas were to be found on branch lines, narrow gauge railways and at smaller stations. Medium-sized and larger goods stations have marshalling or shunting sidings to enable trains to be divided amongst the various local loading and sorting sidings and industrial branches, at the same time performing the function of a small railway hub. In many European countries they are equipped with a hump yard. Due to the increasing amount of goods traffic that has switched from rail to road many goods stations and, in consequence marshalling yards and were eventually demolished, so that reviving rail services at the same location is no longer possible. In combined goods and hub stations with a hump yard, the latter was closed if the station lost its role as a railway hub, whilst the local goods function was retained. In addition, in most countries, part-load or parcel goods services have been transferred to the roads, which has led to the closure of goods sheds as well as most of the public loading sidings and ramps used by smaller customers.
As a result, most of the remaining goods stations today are just used as container or transshipment stations. In German-speaking countries, various terms for goods station are used including Güterbahnhof in Germany and Switzerland, Frachtenbahnhof in Austria. In French: gare aux marchandises or gare de fret. Freight yard Goods shed Goods train Railway station, which includes information on passenger stations. Container terminal Blum, Personen- und Güterbahnhöfe. Zweite neubearbeitete Auflage von Dr.-Ing. Habil. Kurt Leibrand, Handbuch für Bauingenieurwesen, Berlin/Göttingen/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. Grau, Bahnhofsgestaltung. Bände 1 und East Berlin: Transpress VEB Verlag für Verkehrswesen. Europe-wide goods station search Goods stations search - Germany Container services
Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal
The Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal known as Communipaw Terminal and Jersey City Terminal, was the Central Railroad of New Jersey's waterfront passenger terminal in Jersey City, New Jersey. It was serviced by CNJ-operated Reading Railroad trains, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the Lehigh Valley Railroad during various periods in its 78 years of operation; the current terminal building was constructed in 1889 but was abandoned in 1967. The headhouse was renovated, it was added to the New Jersey Register of Historic Places and incorporated into Liberty State Park. The terminal was one of five passenger railroad terminals that lined the Hudson Waterfront during the 19th and 20th centuries, the others being Weehawken, Hoboken and Exchange Place, with Hoboken being the only station, still in use; the terminal was built in 1889, replacing an earlier one, in use since 1864. It operated until April 30, 1967; the station has been listed on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places and National Register of Historic Places since September 12, 1975.
Additionally it is a New Jersey State Historic Site. The terminal is part of Liberty State Park, along with nearby Ellis Island and Statue of Liberty recalls the era of massive immigration through the Port of New York and New Jersey, it is estimated. The area has long been known as Communipaw, which in the Lenape language means big landing place at the side of a river; the first stop west of the station was indeed called Communipaw, was not far from the village, established there in 1634 as part of the New Netherland settlement of Pavonia. The land on which the extensive yards were built was filled; the terminal itself is next to the Morris Canal Big Basin, which to some degree was made obsolete by the railroads which replaced it. The long cobbled road which ends at the terminal is named Audrey Zapp Drive, after the environmentalist active in the creation of the park; the main building is designed in a Richardsonian Romanesque style. The intermodal facility contains more than a dozen platforms and several ferry slips.
Arriving passengers would walk to the railhead concourse and could either pass through its main waiting room, by-pass it on either side, take stairs to the upper level. The ferry slips have been restored though the structure which housed them has been removed, as have the tracks; the Bush-type trainsheds, the largest to be constructed and designed by A. Lincoln Bush, were not part of the original construction, but were built in 1914 and have not been restored; the abandoned shed covered 20 tracks. The terminal, along with its docks and yards, was one of several massive terminal complexes that dominated the western waterfront of the New York Harbor from the mid 19th to the mid 20th century. Of the two still standing, the Hoboken Terminal is the only one still in use. Lines from the station headed to the southwest. Arriving at the waterfront from the points required overcoming significant natural obstacles including crossing the Hackensack River and Meadows and Hudson Palisades, in the case of New Jersey Central, traversing the Newark Bay.
For its mainline, the railroad constructed the Newark Bay Bridge to Elizabeth. Its Newark and New York Branch crossed two bridges at Kearny Point. Both rights-of-way in Hudson County are now used by the Hudson Bergen Light Rail, one terminating at West Side Avenue and the other at 8th Street Station in Bayonne; the Communipaw ferry constituted the main ferry route from the terminal and was operated by four ferries that crossed the North River to Liberty Street Ferry Terminal in lower Manhattan. Additional service to 23rd Street was operated until the CRNJ went bankrupt in 1945 and scrapped its ferry boats used on the 23rd street route in 1947. In the early 1900s the B&O Railroad requested the CRNJ operate ferries for its luxury Royal Blue service passengers to Whitehall Terminal and this was accomplished for several years until the City of New York purchased the Staten Island Ferry from the B&O's subsidiary, the Staten Island Railway, ended the service in 1905; until the opening of the Verrazano Narrows Bridge there was service to Brooklyn and Staten Island Other boats, among them the SS Asbury Park and SS Sandy Hook, which travelled to the Raritan Bayshore.
In 1941, the CRRNJ ferryboat fleet made 374 one-way crossings of the North River each day. Jersey Central's Blue Comet offered elaborate service to Atlantic City; the railroad's suburban trains served passengers including the Jersey Shore. CNJ's long-distance service into Pennsylvania ran to Harrisburg and Mauch Chunk; the Reading Company used the terminal for its Wall Street trains. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, whose Royal Blue was a premier passenger train to Washington, DC had trains to Chicago and St. Louis. In April 1967 the opening of the Aldene Connection led to the end of passenger service to the station and the diverting of all remaining passenger trains to Penn Station in Newark; the timetable for show of 27 September 1936s 132 weekday departures, including 25 to CNJ's Broad St. Newark station, 25 that ran south from Elizabethport and 19 Reading and B&O trains that turned southwest at Bound Brook Junction. Three trains ran to two to Harrisburg via Allentown.
Hoboken Terminal
Hoboken Terminal is a commuter-oriented intermodal passenger station in Hoboken, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. One of the New York metropolitan area's major transportation hubs, it is served by nine NJ Transit commuter rail lines, one Metro-North Railroad line, various NJT buses and private bus lines, the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail, the Port Authority Trans Hudson rapid transit system, NY Waterway-operated ferries. More than 50,000 people use the terminal daily, making it New Jersey's second-busiest railroad station and its third-busiest transportation facility, after Newark Liberty International Airport and Newark Penn Station. Hoboken Terminal is wheelchair accessible, with high-level platforms for light rail and PATH services and portable lifts for commuter rail services; the site of the terminal has been used since colonial times to link Manhattan Island and points west. It was long a ferry landing accessible via turnpike roads, plank roads. In 1811, the first steam-powered ferries began service under John Stevens, an inventor who founded Hoboken.
The coming of the railroads brought more travelers to the west bank of the Hudson River. Passengers traveling to Manhattan from most of the continental USA had to transfer to a ferry at the riverbank. Cuts and tunnels were constructed through Bergen Hill to rail–ferry terminals on the west bank of the river and the Upper New York Bay; the first of the Bergen Hill Tunnels under Jersey City Heights was opened in 1876 by the Morris and Essex Railroad, leased by the Delaware and Western Railroad. The DL&W built the modern terminal in 1907, opened the second parallel tunnel in 1908. Both tunnels are still used by NJ Transit; the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad tubes were extended to Hoboken Terminal. At the peak of intercity rail service, five passenger terminals were operated by competing railroad companies along the Hudson Waterfront. Of these, Hoboken Terminal is the only one still in active use; those at Weehawken and Exchange Place were demolished in the 1960s, while the Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal was restored and is now part of Liberty State Park.
In October 1956, four years before its merger with the DL&W to form the Erie Lackawanna Railway, the Erie Railroad began shifting its trains from Pavonia Terminal to Hoboken. The Erie moved its Northern Branch trains to Hoboken in 1959. In October 1965, on former Erie routes, there were five weekday trains run to Midvale, three to Nyack on the Northern Branch, three to Waldwick via the Newark Branch, two to Essex Fells on its Caldwell Branch, two to Carlton Hill, one to Newton. All those trains were dropped in 1966; the last intercity trains that called at the station, with service to Chicago and Buffalo, were discontinued on January 5, 1970. Numerous streetcar lines, including the Hoboken Inclined Cable Railway, originated/terminated at the station until bustitution was completed on August 7, 1949. Ferry service from the terminal to lower Manhattan ended on November 22, 1967, it resumed in 1989 on the south side of the terminal and moved back to the restored ferry slips inside the historic terminal on December 7, 2011.
The station was badly damaged during Hurricane Sandy on October 29, 2012, with a 5 feet storm surge inundating the facility. The waiting room reopened in January 2013. In December 1985, an NJ Transit train crashed into the concrete bumper at Hoboken Terminal, injuring 54; the 1985 crash was said to have been caused by a lubricant, applied to the tracks to test train wheels. In May 2011, a PATH train crashed in the basement of Hoboken Terminal; the NTSB determined the accident was caused by "the failure of the engineer to control the speed of the train entering the station."On the morning of September 29, 2016, an NJ Transit train crashed through a bumper block and into the concourse of the station, killing one person and injuring more than 110 people. Tracks 10 through 17 were reopened on October 10, 2016, with most remaining tracks reopened a week later; the pedestrian concourse reopened on May 14, 2017. Track 6 reopened for service in June 2017 and track 5 reopened for service sometime around September 2018.
The permanent repairs to the concourse roof and supports are ongoing. In a statement published in February 2019, NJ Transit stated that repairs and renovations are continuing and will last for one year, which translates to estimated completion sometime around early 2020. In 1930, Thomas Edison was at the controls for the first departure of a regular-service electric multiple unit train from Hoboken Terminal to Montclair. One of the first installations of central air-conditioning in a public space was at the station, as was the first non-experimental use of mobile phones; the station has been used for film shoots, including Funny Girl, Three Days of the Condor, Once Upon a Time in America, The Station Agent, The Curse of the Jade Scorpion, Julie & Julia, Kal Ho Naa Ho, Rod Stewart's Downtown Train video and Eric Clapton's video for his 1996 single "Change the World". Main Line Bergen County Line Pascack Valley Line Morristown Line and Gladstone Branch of the Morris and Essex Lines Montclair-Boonton Line North Jersey Coast Line Meadowlands Rail Line Port Jervis Line Raritan Valley Line Access to other NJ Transit rail lines is available at Newark Penn Station, Secaucus Junction, or Newark Broad Street.
PATH trains provide 24-hour service from a three-track underground stati
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