A expansion joint, or movement joint, is an assembly designed to hold parts together while safely absorbing temperature-induced expansion and contraction of building materials. They are commonly found between sections of buildings, bridges, sidewalks, railway tracks, piping systems, ships, and other structures.
Expansion joint on a bridge
Saw cut control joints in concrete
An expansion joint on the Cornish Main Line, England
Single sphere rubber bellows expansion joint, with flanges.
Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change its shape, area, volume, and density in response to a change in temperature, usually not including phase transitions.
Expansion joint in a road bridge used to avoid damage from thermal expansion.
Lord Kelvin, the namesake of the unit of measure
Thermal expansion of long continuous sections of rail tracks is the driving force for rail buckling. This phenomenon resulted in 190 train derailments during 1998–2002 in the US alone.
Drinking glass with fracture due to uneven thermal expansion after pouring of hot liquid into the otherwise cool glass