1.
Paul Poberezny
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Paul Howard Poberezny was an American aviator and aircraft designer. He founded the Experimental Aircraft Association in 1953, and spent the part of his life promoting homebuilt aircraft. Poberezny is widely considered as the first person to have universalized the tradition of aircraft homebuilding, through his work with EAA, he had the reputation of helping inspire millions of people to get involved in grassroots aviation. Poberezny founded the EAA out of his Hales Corners, Wisconsin home in 1953 and it started as predominately a homebuilding organization in his basement, but later went on to capture all aspects of general aviation internationally. Poberezny retired as EAA President in 1989, remaining as Chairman of the organization until 2009, as of 2014, the organization had approximately 180,000 members in more than 100 countries. It was first held in 1953 at what is now Timmerman Field in Milwaukee, towards the late 50s, the event outgrew Timmerman Field and was moved to the Rockford, Illinois Municipal Airport. There, attendance at the continued to grow until the Rockford airport was too small to accommodate the crowds. In March 2009, Paul Poberezny stepped down as Chairman of EAA, Poberezny served for 30 years in the United States Air Force, including active duty during World War II and the Korean War. He retired with the rank of lieutenant colonel and he attained all seven aviation wings offered by the military, glider pilot, service pilot, rated pilot, liaison pilot, senior pilot, Army aviator and command pilot. Poberezny flew over 500 aircraft types, including over 170 home-built planes throughout his life and he was introduced to aviation in 1936 at the age of 16 with the gift of a donated damaged WACO Primary Glider that he rebuilt and taught himself to fly. A high-school teacher owned the glider and offered to pay Poberezny to repair it and he hauled it to his fathers garage, borrowed books on building/repairing airplanes, and completed the restoration soon after. A year later, Poberezny soloed at age 17 in a 1935 Porterfield, in 1955, Poberezny wrote a series of articles for the publication Mechanix Illustrated, where he described how an individual could buy a set of plans and build their own airplane at home. In the magazine were also photos of himself fabricating the Baby Ace, the articles became extremely popular and gave the concept of homebuilding worldwide acclaim. He designed, modified and built several aircraft, and had more than 30,000 hours of flight time in his career. Poberezny died of cancer on August 22,2013 in Oshkosh and he was survived by his wife, Audrey, and two children, Tom and Bonnie. His estate in Oshkosh is preserved by Aircraft Spruce & Specialty Co. in 1971 Poberezny was the first recipient of the Duane and Judy Cole award to individuals that promote sport aviation. He received the National Business Aviation Associations 2001 Award for Meritorious Service to Aviation, in 2008 the Wisconsin Historical Society named him as a Wisconsin History Maker, recognizing his unique contributions to the states history. Flying Magazine ranked Poberezny at number 4 on their 2013 list of The 51 Heroes of Aviation, putting him ahead of figures like Bob Hoover, Amelia Earhart, Jimmy Doolittle, and even Chuck Yeager
2.
Nonprofit organization
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A nonprofit organization is an organization whose purpose is something other than making a profit. A nonprofit organization is dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view. This is known as the non-distribution constraint, the decision to adopt a nonprofit legal structure is one that will often have taxation implications, particularly where the nonprofit seeks income tax exemption, charitable status and so on. The terms nonprofit and not-for-profit are not consistently differentiated across jurisdictions, in laymans terms they are usually equivalent in concept, although in various jurisdictions there are accounting and legal differences. The nonprofit landscape is varied, although many people have come to associate NPOs with charitable organizations. Although charities do make up an often high-profile or visible aspect of the sector, overall, they tend to be either member-serving or community-serving. e. It could be argued many nonprofits sit across both camps, at least in terms of the impact they make. For example, the support group that provides a lifeline to those with a particular condition or disease could be deemed to be serving its members. Many NPOs use the model of a bottom line in that furthering their cause is more important than making a profit. Although NPOs are permitted to generate revenues, they must be retained by the organization for its self-preservation, expansion. NPOs have controlling members or a board of directors, many have paid staff including management, whereas others employ unpaid volunteers and executives who work with or without compensation. In some countries, where there is a fee, in general. The extent to which an NPO can generate surplus revenues may be constrained or use of surplus revenues may be restricted. Some NPOs may also be a charity or service organization, they may be organized as a corporation or as a trust. Their goal is not to be successful in terms of wealth, NPOs have a wide diversity of structures and purposes. Some of the above must be expressed in the charter of establishment or constitution. Others may be provided by the authority at each particular jurisdiction. While affiliations will not affect a legal status, they may be taken into consideration by legal proceedings as an indication of purpose, most countries have laws that regulate the establishment and management of NPOs and that require compliance with corporate governance regimes
3.
Aviation
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Aviation is the practical aspect or art of aeronautics, being the design, development, production, operation and use of aircraft, especially heavier than air aircraft. The word aviation was coined by French writer and former naval officer Gabriel La Landelle in 1863, from the verb avier, itself derived from the Latin word avis and the suffix -ation. The modern age of aviation began with the first untethered human lighter-than-air flight on November 21,1783, the practicality of balloons was limited because they could only travel downwind. It was immediately recognized that a steerable, or dirigible, balloon was required, jean-Pierre Blanchard flew the first human-powered dirigible in 1784 and crossed the English Channel in one in 1785. Rigid airships became the first aircraft to transport passengers and cargo over great distances, the best known aircraft of this type were manufactured by the German Zeppelin company. The most successful Zeppelin was the Graf Zeppelin and it flew over one million miles, including an around-the-world flight in August 1929. However, the dominance of the Zeppelins over the airplanes of that period, the Golden Age of the airships ended on May 6,1937 when the Hindenburg caught fire, killing 36 people. The cause of the Hindenburg accident was blamed on the use of hydrogen instead of helium as the lift gas. An internal investigation by the manufacturer revealed the coating used to protect the material over the frame was highly flammable. Changes to the coating formulation reduced the risk of further Hindenburg type accidents, although there have been periodic initiatives to revive their use, airships have seen only niche application since that time. In 1799 Sir George Cayley set forth the concept of the airplane as a fixed-wing flying machine with separate systems for lift, propulsion. Seven years later, on 14 October 1897, Aders Avion III was tested without success in front of two officials from the French War ministry, the report on the trials was not publicized until 1910, as they had been a military secret. In November 1906 Ader claimed to have made a flight on 14 October 1897. Although widely believed at the time, these claims were later discredited, however, the most widely accepted date is December 17,1903 by the Wright brothers. The Wright brothers were the first to fly in a powered and controlled aircraft, previous flights were gliders or free flight, but the Wright brothers combined both, setting the new standard in aviation records. Aircraft began to transport people and cargo as designs grew larger, the Wright brothers took aloft the first passenger, Charles Furnas, one of their mechanics, on May 14,1908. By the beginning of World War II, many towns and cities had built airports, the war brought many innovations to aviation, including the first jet aircraft and the first liquid-fueled rockets. Manufacturers such as Cessna, Piper, and Beechcraft expanded production to provide aircraft for the new middle-class market
4.
Oshkosh, Wisconsin
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Oshkosh is a city in Winnebago County, Wisconsin, United States, located where the Fox River enters Lake Winnebago from the west. The population was 66,083 at the 2010 census, the city is located adjacent to and partially within the Town of Oshkosh. Oshkosh was named for Menominee Chief Oshkosh, whose name meant claw, although the fur trade brought the first European settlers to the area as early as 1818, it never became a major player in the fur trade. It was the establishment and growth of the industry in the area that spurred development of Oshkosh. Oshkosh was incorporated as a city in 1853, although it had already designated the county seat. The lumber industry became established as businessmen took advantage of navigable waterways to provide access to both markets and northern pineries. The 1859 arrival of rail transportation expanded the ability to meet the demands of a rapidly growing construction market, at one time, Oshkosh was known as the Sawdust Capital of the World due to the number of lumber mills in the city,11 by 1860. By 1874, there were 47 sawmills and 15 shingle mills, by 1870, Oshkosh had become the third-largest city in Wisconsin with a population of over 12,000. The Oshkosh Daily Northwestern newspaper was founded around this time, as was the Oshkosh State Normal School, on April 28,1875, Oshkosh had a Great Fire that consumed homes and businesses along Main Street north of the Fox River. The fire had engulfed 70 stores,40 factories, and 500 homes costing nearly $2.5 million in damage, around 1900 Oshkosh was home of the Oshkosh Brewing Company, which coined the marketing slogan By Gosh Its Good. Its Chief Oshkosh became a nationally distributed beer, the Oshkosh All-Stars played in the National Basketball League from 1937-49 before the NBL and the Basketball Association of America merged to become the NBA. Oshkosh reached the NBLs championship finals five times, the city has a total of 33 listings on the National Register of Historic Places. The lumber industry made the fortunes of area entrepreneurs and businessmen, availability of materials and capital, along with devastating downtown fires in the mid-1870s, created a range of well-designed buildings for residential, commercial, civic and religious use. The many structures which make up the historic areas are largely a result of the capital and materials generated by the lumber. Oshkosh had six districts as of October 2011. The city had 27 historic buildings as of October 2011, Oshkosh is located at 44°1′29″N 88°33′4″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 26.61 square miles. Oshkosh has a continental climate according to the Köppen climate classification system
5.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
6.
Tom Poberezny
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He succeeded his father, Paul Poberezny, who founded the organization in 1953. He is also one of the founders of the Young Eagles, from his involvement in the EAA, Poberezny is often credited with having led the introduction of the light sport aircraft industry. Tom Poberezny was surrounded by aviation from the early stages of his life. Because of his fathers key involvement with EAA, the basement of Toms childhood home in Hales Corners, Poberezny graduated from Northwestern University in 1970 with a degree in industrial engineering, and became preoccupied with aviation soon after. He joined the US National Unlimited Aerobatic Team and was part of the team won the World Championship in 1972 at Salon. In 1973 he won the individual US National Unlimited Aerobatic Championship, in 1971, Tom Poberezny, Charlie Hillard, and Gene Soucy formed the aerobatic team of The Red Devils and went on to perform at airshows until the Daytona Skyfest in 1995. This makes the Eagles the longest-performing aerobatic team with one group of members, Poberezny also appeared as a pilot in the movie Cloud Dancer in 1980. Poberezny was appointed to chairman of the EAA Fly-In Convention in 1977 and this annual event takes place in Oshkosh, Wisconsin and attracts over 750,000 visitors with 10,000 aircraft from 68 countries, making it the worlds largest aviation gathering. In the late 1970s, he led the campaign to build the present-day EAA Aviation Museum at Wittman Regional Airport in Oshkosh, in 1989 Poberezny was elected president of the Experimental Aircraft Association. EAA promotes the hobby of building and flying aircraft and has over 180,000 members worldwide. In 1992 he led the creation of the Young Eagles program, Poberezny has also promoted the EAAs role in the light-sport aircraft category, bringing new opportunities for people to learn to fly or keep flying. In March 2009, Paul Poberezny stepped down as chairman of EAA and Tom Poberezny took on duties as well, with Rod Hightower as president. Tom Poberezny retained the positions of chairman of both EAA and AirVenture, on July 26,2011, Poberezny and the EAA announced that he would be retiring from EAA effective August 1,2011. The president and CEO, Rod Hightower, would assume Pobereznys duties until a replacement was found. However, on 22 October 2012, Hightower resigned as president and CEO of EAA and he issued a press announcement saying that he would assume all leadership duties of the organization until suitable replacements could be named. Poberezny was inducted into the Aviation Hall of Fame of Wisconsin in October 1996 and he was also awarded the Distinguished Wisconsin Aviator Award in May 2007. Past recipients of this award include astronaut Mark Lee, Major General Albert Wilkening, Major General Fred R Sloan, in early 2013, Poberezny received the prestigious Living Legend of Aviation award at a ceremony in Beverly Hills, California. Later that year, a campaign and website was launched dedicated to honoring Poberezny, the website also included a Roster of Support for others to add to the cause
7.
Jack J. Pelton
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Jack J. Pelton is the Chairman of the Board and CEO of the Experimental Aircraft Association and the former CEO of Cessna Aircraft Company. Before becoming the CEO of Cessna, Pelton was Cessnas Senior Vice President of Engineering, before joining Textron in 2000, Pelton was Senior Vice President of Engineering and Programs at Fairchild Dornier. Prior to this, he worked at McDonnell Douglas for over two decades, neither his undergraduate or graduate degrees in Aerospace Engineering were earned from an accredited school. Temporarily embarrassed by the revelation, Textron released a statement proclaiming that Pelton was chosen for his 30-year-long career in leadership, Pelton testified in favor of a property tax increase to build an aviation training facility that would benefit Cessna at an August 9,2006 Sedgwick County Commission meeting. At a December 12,2006 meeting of the Wichita City Council, in March 2008, Kansas Governor Kathleen Sebelius appointed Pelton to lead the Kansas Energy and Environmental Policy Advisory Group. Textron announced that Jack Pelton retired from Cessna on May 2,2011, the aviation news media noted Peltons hasty retirement. AvWeb Editor-In-Chief Russ Niles questioned who retires effective immediately at age 52 on a Monday morning when the boss is in town, and speculated that it was related to a possible demand from Textron for cuts to Cessna after a first-quarter 2011 loss of US $38 million. On October 22,2012, Pelton became Chairman of the Board of the Experimental Aircraft Association, on November 9,2015, Pelton was named CEO of the Experimental Aircraft Association. The CEO position at EAA had been vacant since November 2012
8.
Sean D. Tucker
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Sean Doherty Tucker is an American aerobatic pilot who is sponsored by the Oracle Corporation and performs in airshows worldwide as Team Oracle. Tucker has won several airshow championship competitions throughout his career and was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 2008 and he currently serves as Chairman of the Experimental Aircraft Associations Young Eagles program. Sean Tucker, a native of Eagle Rock, California, earned his pilot’s certificate at age 17 and his father, William, was an aviation industry lawyer who had learned to fly as part of his job. Tucker started out as a cropduster, eventually starting a business in Salinas. In order to overcome his fear of crashing, he took a course, through which he found out you could roll an airplane upside down. He has been flying airshows worldwide since the mid-1970s and is considered by many to be one of the world’s premier airshow performers, Tuckers favorite stunt is the triple ribbon cut, where he uses his plane to cut three ribbons suspended between poles from three different angles. Despite once having a fear of flying, Tucker has flown more than 1,000 performances at more than 425 airshows, in front of more than 80 million spectators. Tuckers first sponsorship was with Randolph Sunglasses from 1993 through 1995, then in 1996 he transitioned to MCI under the 1-800-COLLECT and his other physical activities include mountain climbing, heli-skiing, cave SCUBA diving, and golfing. When asked about flying airshows, Tucker has said, I like to think that I bring the fans dreams of flying into the plane with me, that’s why I train so hard to keep a finely tuned edge. Tucker’s self-proclaimed goal is to share the magic of flight with Team Oracle’s guests by inspiring and thrilling them, I want them to go away saying that the airshow was one of the most engaging days of their lives. He is one of only a handful of performers who have been allowed to fly close formation with the Blue Angels. In 2013, Tucker was appointed Chairman of the Experimental Aircraft Association program Young Eagles and it has given flights to over 2 million children around the world. In 2014, he and Harrison Ford starred in and framed Flying the Feathered Edge, The Bob Hoover Project, second recipient and first non-namesake recipient of the R. A. Bob Hoover Trophy -2017 Lloyd P. Nolen Lifetime Achievement in Aviation Award -2016 EAA AirVenture Freedom of Flight Award -2010 General Charles E. S. National Advanced Aerobatic Champion –1988 Honorary Member - U. S. Navy Blue Angels, US Air Force Thunderbirds, the Challenger III is equipped with a unique set of wings that use 8 ailerons instead of 4. The tail on the airplane is modeled after the tail used on radio control airplanes. Tuckers first accident occurred in 1979, when he had to parachute out of his disabled aerobatic airplane. In 1993, as he was climbing out of the parked stunt plane he used at the time, a Pitts S-2S biplane, Tucker escaped unscathed, but damage to the wings on one side of his aircraft took ten days to repair
9.
Cessna
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The Cessna Aircraft Company is an American general aviation aircraft manufacturing corporation headquartered in Wichita, Kansas. Best known for small, piston-powered aircraft, Cessna also produces business jets, the company is a subsidiary of the U. S. conglomerate Textron. In March 2014 Cessna became a brand of Textron Aviation, Clyde Cessna, a farmer in Rago, Kansas, built his own aircraft and flew it in June 1911, the first person to do so between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains. Cessna started his wood-and-fabric aircraft ventures in Enid, Oklahoma, testing many of his early planes on the salt flats, when bankers in Enid refused to lend him more money to build his planes, he moved to Wichita. Cessna Aircraft was formed when Clyde Cessna and Victor Roos became partners in the Cessna-Roos Aircraft Company in 1927, Roos resigned just one month into the partnership selling back his interest to Cessna. In the same year, the Kansas Secretary of State approved dropping Rooss name from the company name, the Cessna DC-6 earned certification on the same day as the stock market crash of 1929,29 October 1929. In 1932 Cessna Aircraft Company closed its doors due to the Great Depression, however the Cessna CR-3 custom racer took its first flight in 1933. The plane won the 1933 American Air Race in Chicago and later set a new speed record for engines smaller than 500 cubic inches by averaging 237 mph. Cessnas nephews, Dwane Wallace and his brother Dwight, bought the company from Cessna in 1934 and they reopened it and began the process of building it into what would become a global success. The Cessna C-37 was introduced in 1937 as Cessnas first seaplane when equipped with Edo floats, in 1940, Cessna received their largest order to date, when they signed a contract with the U. S. Army for 33 specially equipped Cessna T-50s. Later in 1940, the Royal Canadian Air Force placed an order for 180 T-50s, Cessna returned to commercial production in 1946, after the revocation of wartime production restrictions with the release of the Model 120 and Model 140. The approach was to introduce a new line of aircraft that used production tools, dies. The Model 140 was named by the US Flight Instructors Association as the Outstanding Plane of the Year, Cessnas first helicopter, the Cessna CH-1, received FAA type certification, in 1955. Cessna introduced the Cessna 172, in 1956 and it became the most produced airplane in history. In 1960 Cessna affiliated itself with Reims Aviation of Reims, France,1963 saw Cessna produce its 50, 000th airplane, a Cessna 172. Cessnas first business jet, the Cessna Citation I performed its maiden flight on 15 September 1969, Cessna produced its 100, 000th single engine airplane in 1975. In 1985 Cessna ceased to be an independent company and it was purchased by General Dynamics Corporation and became a wholly owned subsidiary. Production of the Cessna Caravan began, General Dynamics in turn, sold Cessna to Textron Inc, in 1992
10.
St. Louis
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St. Louis is an independent city and major U. S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. Prior to European settlement, the area was a regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Laclède and Auguste Chouteau, in 1764, following Frances defeat in the Seven Years War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase, during the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States and it separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics, the economy of metro St. Louis relies on service, manufacturing, trade, transportation of goods, and tourism. This city has become known for its growing medical, pharmaceutical. St. Louis has 2 professional sports teams, the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball, the city is commonly identified with the 630-foot tall Gateway Arch in Downtown St. Louis. The area that would become St. Louis was a center of the Native American Mississippian culture and their major regional center was at Cahokia Mounds, active from 900 AD to 1500 AD. Due to numerous major earthworks within St. Louis boundaries, the city was nicknamed as the Mound City and these mounds were mostly demolished during the citys development. Historic Native American tribes in the area included the Siouan-speaking Osage people, whose territory extended west, European exploration of the area was first recorded in 1673, when French explorers Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette traveled through the Mississippi River valley. Five years later, La Salle claimed the region for France as part of La Louisiane. The earliest European settlements in the area were built in Illinois Country on the east side of the Mississippi River during the 1690s and early 1700s at Cahokia, Kaskaskia, migrants from the French villages on the opposite side of the Mississippi River founded Ste. In early 1764, after France lost the 7 Years War, Pierre Laclède, the early French families built the citys economy on the fur trade with the Osage, as well as with more distant tribes along the Missouri River. The Chouteau brothers gained a monopoly from Spain on the fur trade with Santa Fe, French colonists used African slaves as domestic servants and workers in the city. In 1780 during the American Revolutionary War, St. Louis was attacked by British forces, mostly Native American allies, the founding of St. Louis began in 1763. Pierre Laclede led an expedition to set up a fur-trading post farther up the Mississippi River, before then, Laclede had been a very successful merchant. For this reason, he and his trading partner Gilbert Antoine de St. Maxent were offered monopolies for six years of the fur trading in that area
11.
Flabob Airport
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Flabob Airport is a small public-use airport located three nautical miles northwest of the central business district of Riverside, in Riverside County, California, United States. The airport is located in the city of Jurupa Valley beside the Santa Ana River, established in 1925 by Flavio Madariaga and Bob Bogan, the name of the airport was derived by combining the first three letters of their names. Flabob Airport has a tower and several permanent aircraft hangars. It covers an area of 80 acres at an elevation of 764 feet above sea level. It has one runway designated 6/24 with a surface measuring 3,200 by 50 feet. For the 12-month period ending December 31,2004, the airport had 40,000 general aviation aircraft operations, at that time there were 202 aircraft based at this airport, 94% single-engine and 6% multi-engine. Flabob airport is home to Experimental Aircraft Association Chapter #1, launched by Ray Stits and since joined by over 1,000 more EAA chapters worldwide
12.
Flying club
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A flying club or aero club is a not-for-profit, member-run organization that provides its members with affordable access to aircraft. While flying clubs are home to those who pursue flying as a hobby, most flying clubs own and rent small general aviation aircraft. In North America and Europe the most popular such aircraft are the Cessna 152, the Cessna 172, however some clubs also exist to provide access to more specialized aircraft, such as vintage planes, aerobatic planes, helicopters and gliders. In Canada, however, the clubs can be fairly large non-profit operations, some dating back to the 1920s, Canadian flying clubs often serve as fixed-base operators at their airports as well as flight schools and aircraft renters. Category, Flying clubs, a list of flying clubs with Wikipedia articles List of US and Canadian Flying Clubs
13.
Homebuilt aircraft
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Homebuilt aircraft, also known as amateur-built aircraft or kit planes, are constructed by persons for whom this is not a professional activity. These aircraft may be constructed from scratch, from plans, or from assembly kits, in the United States, Brazil, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, homebuilt aircraft may be licensed Experimental under FAA or similar local regulations. With some limitations, the builder of the aircraft must have done it for their own education and recreation rather than for profit, in the US, the primary builder can also apply for a repairmans certificate for that airframe. The repairmans certificate allows the holder to perform and sign off on most of the maintenance, repairs, alberto Santos-Dumont was the first to offer for free construction plans, publishing drawings of its Demoiselle in the June 1910 edition of Popular Mechanics. The first aircraft to be offered for sale as plans, rather than a completed airframe, was the Baby Ace in the late 1920s, homebuilt aircraft gained in popularity in the US in 1924 with the start of the National Air Races, held in Dayton, Ohio. These races required aircraft with useful loads of 150 lb and engines of 80 cubic inches or less, the years after Charles Lindberghs transatlantic flight brought a peak of interest between 1929 and 1933. During this period many aircraft designers, builders and pilots were self-taught, in 1946 Goodyear restarted the National Air Races, including a class for aircraft powered by 200 cubic inch and smaller engines. The midget racer class spread nationally in the US and this led to calls for acceptable standards to allow use of amateur-built aircraft. By the mid-1950s both the US and Canada once again allowed amateur-built aircraft to specified standards and limitations, homebuilt aircraft are generally small, one to four-seat sportsplanes which employ simple methods of construction. Engines are most often the same as, or similar to, the use of automotive engines helps to reduce costs, but many builders prefer dedicated aircraft engines, which are perceived to have better performance and reliability. Other engines that have used include chainsaw and motorcycle engines. In 2003, the number of homebuilts produced in the USA exceeded the number produced by any single certified manufacturer, the history of amateur-built aircraft can be traced to the beginning of aviation. Even if the Wright brothers, Clément Ader, and their successors had commercial objectives in mind, Aviation took a leap forward with the industrialization that accompanied World War I. In the post-war period, manufacturers needed to find new markets, however, these machines were affordable only by the very rich. Many of these were prototypes, but designs such as Bernard Pietenpols first 1923 design were some of the first homebuilt aircraft, in 1928, Henri Mignet published plans for his HM-8 Pou-du-Ciel, as did Pietenpol for his Air Camper. Pietenpol later constructed a factory, and in 1933 began creating and selling partially constructed aircraft kits, in 1936, an association of amateur aviation enthusiasts was created in France. Many types of aircraft began to make an appearance. The articles gained worldwide acclaim and the concept of aircraft homebuilding took off, until the late 1950s, builders had mainly kept to wood-and-cloth and steel tube-and-cloth design
14.
Academy of Model Aeronautics
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It is the largest organization of its kind with a current membership of approximately 195,000 members, with nearly 57,000 of these being youth members under 19 years of age. Founded in 1936, the AMA is the national body for model aviation in the United States. They also certify official model flying records, all AMA-chartered clubs require their flying members to purchase AMA memberships for said liability insurance. In order to be covered by their insurance, an AMA member does not need to fly at a chartered clubs flying site, AMAs insurance coverage is in excess of ones homeowners or other insurance. With the burgeoning interest in small park flyer aircraft which are often flown outside of regular club fields, the AMA now provides low-cost membership and coverage for park flyer enthusiasts. The AMAs Web presence is updated through the monthly AMA Air news video hosted on YouTube.4 GHz spread spectrum bands uses for radio control aeromodeling in the two North American nations. As an associate member of the National Aeronautic Association, the AMA is recognized by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, while many members view AMA insurance as the primary purpose of the organization, the insurance program is low on the list of priorities. When the organization was first formed five years before the USAs involvement began in World War II, the first offering of optional liability insurance was first suggested in 1939. $0.50 extra was to provide $500.00 liability protection, by the early 1940s, coverage was raised to $1000.00 worth of protection. By the mid-1940s the insurance program was referred to as a gas license as it was becoming required for operation of gasoline-powered models at most club flying sites. The insurance program presently offers US$2.5 million in coverage, AMA also offers optional site insurance which is considered to be primary coverage and is very low cost. This insurance is subsidized by part of each members dues, there is also an additional insurance coverage for each sanctioned event. By providing the insurance, AMA makes it far easier for clubs or individuals to access to flying sites. It is now standard policy of the US Army Corps of Engineers to require AMA insurance or equivalent coverage in order to acquire a lease of COE-managed land for model aircraft operation. See also, Model Aeronautics Association of Canada, with which the AMA has an agreement allowing its own insurance to apply to AMA members flying in Canada
15.
EAA Aviation Museum
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The EAA Aviation Museum, formerly the EAA AirVenture Museum, is a museum dedicated to the preservation and display of historic and experimental aircraft as well as antiques, classics, and warbirds. The museum is open year-round with the exception of a few holidays, EAA founder Paul Poberezny proposed the idea of the EAA Air Museum-Air Education center in August 1958. In 1982, Pauls son, Tom Poberezny, led the campaign to build the current updated museum and headquarters, which was opened in 1983. The museum has a variety of donated aircraft, including the Church Midwing, Funk B, Monnett Moni, Pioneer Airport, is an old-time grass airstrip immediately behind the museum. It displays aircraft from the age of aviation. Aircraft rides are offered through various EAA programs at the Museums Pioneer Airport, or at the adjoining Wittman Field, especially during AirVenture Fly-In and Airshow, a 1920s/1930s vintage Ford Tri-Motor airliner sells rides occasionally at adjoining Wittman Field. A particular program is the Fall Colors Flights, short flights to view fall foliage in the area. The EAAs 1940s-vintage Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress World War II bomber, helicopter rides, typically in Bell 47 helicopters are available occasionally at adjacent Pioneer Airport, or from adjoining Wittman Field. The Young Eagles Program is designed for children between the ages of 8 and 17, Young Eagles may receive a free flight from EAAs network of volunteer pilots. The museum includes a section which provides extensive hands-on aviation-related exhibits and activities. The EAA library has been open to EAA members since 1985, the EAA Museum is near the northwest corner of the grounds of Wittman Regional Airport, on the southeast side of the interchange connecting Interstate 41 with Wisconsin state highways 44 and 91. A Park and Ride lot is available on the side of the interchange. The airport receives commuter airline service and is open to private aircraft. During the late-summer EAA AirVenture fly-in and airshow, camping is available on the airport grounds, numerous hotel and motel accommodations, and campgrounds are in the area. Additionally, during AirVenture, many locals rent out their homes to visitors, historic Aircraft Restoration Museum List of aerospace museums Official website EAA Young Eagles website
16.
Interstate 41
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The designation travels concurrently with US41, I-894, US45, I-43, and sections of I-94 in Wisconsin and Illinois. The route was added to the Interstate Highway System on April 7,2015. I-41 begins at the I-94/US41 interchange in Russell, Illinois, the Interstate roughly parallels I-43, which runs north–south along Lake Michigan from Milwaukee to Green Bay. I-41 runs through the Fox Valley and Green Bay, where it ends at the I-43 interchange. The freeway portion of US41 and US45 from Milwaukee through the Fox Valley to Green Bay was proposed and designated as an Interstate Highway as part of the 2005 highway funding bill, the final bill omitted the I-41 designation. At the spring meeting of the Special Committee on U. S. Route Numbers of AASHTO on May 18,2012, coordination would have been required with the FHWA and the Illinois Department of Transportation on the I-55 designation. However, IDOT officials were not interested in signing an extension of I-55 from its Chicago terminus to the state line, therefore, the Wisconsin Department of Transportation decided to seek a different designation not requiring the cooperation of their Illinois counterparts. Four designations were proposed by WisDOT and put up for public review, on April 9,2015, Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker announced that the FHWA had approved I-41 as part of the Interstate Highway System. According to WisDOT, the approval came two days earlier, WisDOT replaced or modified 3,500 signs in September 2015 after coordination with IDOT and the FHWA. Over the next 5–10 years, shoulders are slated to be rebuilt as older parts of the highway are upgraded, roads portal Illinois portal Wisconsin portal Official US41 Interstate conversion project page Interstate 41 at Interstate-Guide. com
17.
Volunteering
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Volunteering is generally considered an altruistic activity where an individual or group provides services for no financial gain to benefit another person, group or organization. Volunteering is also renowned for skill development and is intended to promote goodness or to improve human quality of life. Volunteering may have benefits for the volunteer as well as for the person or community served. It is also intended to make contacts for possible employment, many volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue. Others serve on a basis, such as in response to a natural disaster. The verb was first recorded in 1755 and it was derived from the noun volunteer, in C.1600, one who offers himself for military service, from the Middle French voluntaire. In the non-military sense, the word was first recorded during the 1630s, the word volunteering has more recent usage—still predominantly military—coinciding with the phrase community service. In a military context, an army is a military body whose soldiers chose to enter service. Such volunteers do not work for free and are given regular pay, during this time, America experienced the Great Awakening. People became aware of the disadvantaged and realized the cause for movement against slavery, younger people started helping the needy in their communities. In 1851, the first YMCA in the United States was started, followed seven years later by the first YWCA. During the American Civil War, women volunteered their time to sew supplies for the soldiers and the Angel of the Battlefield Clara Barton and a team of volunteers began providing aid to servicemen. Barton founded the American Red Cross in 1881 and began mobilizing volunteers for disaster relief operations, the Salvation Army is one of the oldest and largest organizations working for disadvantaged people. Though it is a charity organization, it has organized a number of volunteering programs since its inception, prior to the 19th century, few formal charitable organizations existed to assist people in need. The Great Depression saw one of the first large-scale, nationwide efforts to coordinate volunteering for a specific need, after World War II, people shifted the focus of their altruistic passions to other areas, including helping the poor and volunteering overseas. A major development was the Peace Corps in the United States in 1960, when President Lyndon B. Johnson declared a War on Poverty in 1964, volunteer opportunities started to expand and continued into the next few decades. The process for finding volunteer work became more formalized, with more volunteer centers forming and new ways to find work appearing on the World Wide Web. According to the Corporation for National and Community Service, about 64.5 million Americans, or 26.5 percent of the adult population and this calculates at about 125–150 hours per year or 3 hours per week at a rate of $22 per hour
18.
EAA AirVenture Oshkosh
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EAA AirVenture Oshkosh is an annual gathering of aviation enthusiasts held each summer at Wittman Regional Airport in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, United States. The airshow is sponsored by the Experimental Aircraft Association, an organization based in Oshkosh. The show lasts a week, usually beginning on the last Monday in July, during the gathering, the airports control tower is the busiest in the world. EAA was founded in Hales Corners, Wisconsin in 1953 by Paul Poberezny, although homebuilding is still a large part of the organizations activities, it has grown to include almost every aspect of recreational aviation and aeronautics. In 1959, the EAA fly-in grew too large for the Air Pageant and moved to Rockford, in 1970, when it outgrew its facilities at the Rockford airport, it moved to Oshkosh, Wisconsin. For many years the name of the event was The EAA Annual Convention. In 1998, the name was changed to AirVenture Oshkosh, for many years, access to the flight line was restricted to EAA members. In 1997, the fee structure for the show was changed allowing all visitors access to the entire grounds, EAA AirVenture holds nearly 1,000 forums and workshops. AirVenture has been the breeding ground throughout history for the debuts of numerous revolutionary designs. Richard VanGrunsven debuted his Vans RV-3 at the 1972 AirVenture Oshkosh, VanGrunsven would eventually go on to build more homebuilts than anyone else in the world, exceeding the annual production of all commercial general aviation companies combined. Other past notable designs introduced at AirVenture include Frank Christensens Christen Eagle II aerobatic kit biplane in 1978, Tom Hamiltons Glasair 1 in 1980, the EAA estimated the attendance in 2014 at over 500,000, with 2,081 visitors registered from 69 nations. There were approximately 10,000 aircraft,2,000 show planes, in the past, attendance at the event is tabulated on daily basis rather than an individual basis. For example, in 2006 the Oshkosh Northwestern reported that attendance was estimated at 625,000 by the EAA, the estimate was for total attendees each day, so one person attending 7 days would count as 7 attendees. The paper estimated that between 200,000 and 300,000 individuals attended the event and it is unclear whether this practice still exists at EAA Airventure. The large number of arrivals and departures during the fly-in week makes the Wittman Field FAA Control Tower the busiest in the world for that week in number of movements. To accommodate the flow of aircraft around the airport and the nearby airspace. More than 4,000 volunteers contribute approximately 250,000 hours before, during, the EAA AirVenture fly-in has a large economic impact to the Oshkosh area as well as the state of Wisconsin. In 1982, the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reported that the fly-in had an economic benefit to the Fox Valley region
19.
Wittman Regional Airport
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Wittman Regional Airport is a county owned public use airport located two nautical miles south of the central business district of Oshkosh, a city in Winnebago County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located adjacent to Pioneer Airport, part of the EAA Aviation Museum, the airport was named after pioneer air racer, aircraft designer and builder Steve Wittman in 1972. Originally named Winnebago County Airport, the name Steve Wittman Field was proposed in 1968 and it is included in the Federal Aviation Administration National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a regional general aviation facility. It has serviced aircraft as large as the Boeing 747, Boeing 767, Airbus A380, Concorde, until 1980, Wittman boarded more passengers than nearby Appleton International Airport, and was the commercial air hub of the Fox Cities. Wittman was served at times by North Central, Republic, Northwest Airlink, Air Wisconsin, United Express, Midway Connection, Skyway. Wittman Regional Airport covers an area of 1,392 acres at an elevation of 808 feet above sea level. It has four runways, 18/36 is 8,002 by 150 feet, 9/27 is 6,179 by 150 feet, 5/23 is 3,697 by 75 feet, 13/31 is 3,061 by 75 feet. For the 12-month period ending December 31,2015, the airport had 64,717 aircraft operations, in March 2017, there were 142 aircraft based at this airport,104 single-engine,31 multi-engine,6 jet and 1 helicopter. As with many airports, Wittman Fields expansion over the years has necessitated the closure of nearby roadways. In particular, Knapp Street has been permanently closed near the airport to facilitate the expansion of the grounds in that area The original tower at Wittman Field opened in 1963, in 2007, a new tower was built that is over twice the height of the old building. The original tower was demolished in April 2009, freight Runners Express offers scheduled cargo service from the airport. They utilize their Beechcraft Model 99 aircraft type for Oshkosh cargo operations, the airport is the site of the annual Experimental Aircraft Associations AirVenture Oshkosh, an experimental aircraft and sport aviation airshow. Across Knapp St. to the west lies the campus of the EAA AirVenture Museum, for the week of AirVenture Oshkosh, Wittman Regional is the worlds busiest airport by traffic movements. The airport will be implementing a project to improve drainage. Work is expected to start after AirVenture 2016, at Wisconsin Airport Directory Wittman Regional Airport
20.
Lawrence J. Timmerman Airport
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Lawrence J. Timmerman Airport, known locally as Timmerman Field, is an airport in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, owned by Milwaukee County. Located 5 mi northwest of the city center, it is used mainly for general or private aviation and it is included in the Federal Aviation Administration National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a regional reliever airport facility. The airport was built in 1929 and dedicated on July 6,1930, the airport was originally known as Curtiss-Wright Field, hence the letters WC in its airport codes. In 1945, Curtiss-Wright sold it to Fliteways, Inc. the airports property manager since 1936, Milwaukee County purchased the airport from Fliteways in July 1947, when it was 131 acres in size. It was host to the Experimental Aircraft Associations earliest Fly-In Conventions from 1953 to 1958, the airport was renamed in July 1959 for Lawrence J. Timmerman, chairman of the Milwaukee County Board of Supervisors from 1936 to 1959. Lawrence J. Timmerman Airport currently serves various general aviation groups, the current fixed-base operator is Spring City Aviation. The airport is home to the Milwaukee chapter of Youth and Aviation, the airport also serves many private and public users. Lawrence J. Timmerman Airport covers an area of 420 acres which contains two paved runways, 15L/33R measuring 4,103 x 75 ft and 4L/22R measuring 3,201 x 75 ft. It also has two runways, 4R/22L measuring 2,839 x 270 ft and 15R/33L measuring 3,231 x 270 ft. For the 12-month period ending December 31,2013, the airport had 30,466 aircraft operations, in March 2017, there were 68 aircraft based at this airport,56 single-engine,8 multi-engine,2 jet and 2 helicopter. Wisconsin Airport Directory, Lawrence J. Timmerman Airport
21.
Rockford, Illinois
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Rockford is the third largest city in the U. S. It is the county seat of Winnebago County and is located on banks of the Rock River in far northern Illinois. Settled between 1834 and 1835, Rockford was strategically positioned between Chicago and Galena and thus suitable for industrial development. Rockford was notable for its output of heavy machinery and tools, by the century, it was the second leading center of furniture manufacturing in the nation. Its contributions to music are noted in the Mendelssohn Club, the oldest music club in the nation, Rockford was founded by New Englanders in 1834 as separate settlements on each side of the river and originally called Midway. At the time Rockford was founded its inhabitants consisted almost entirely of New Englanders and these were Yankee settlers, meaning they were descended from the English Puritans who settled New England during the early 1600s. They made up all of Winnebego Countys inhabitants during the first several decades of its history. In this regard the county was similar to most of the portion of the state of Illinois. After the conclusion of the Black Hawk War there was a surge of immigration from New England. As a result of this heritage the inhabitants of Winnebego County considered themselves, and functioned as, in the Presidential election of 1860, Abraham Lincoln won 3,985 votes in Winnebago County, whereas Steven Douglas only won 817 votes. It was established as the county seat over rivaling communities, Winnebago, due to the areas proximity to a ford across the Rock River, the village of Midway was renamed Rockford in 1837 by arriving New Englanders. Rockford was chartered as a city in 1852, following the establishment of a post office in 1837, growth was fueled by the charter of Rockford Female Seminary in 1847 and a connection to the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad in 1852. The New York Tribune inspired the metonym The Forest City for Rockford in 1853, the decision of John Henry Manny to locate production of his horse-powered combine harvester in Rockford attributed to a local rise in agricultural machinery manufacturing. Swedish furniture cooperatives did the same for their respective industry, in the antebellum period, Rockford shared abolitionist leanings, lending considerable support to the Free Soil Party. In 1848,42 percent of voters in Winnebago County, which Rockford dominated as the county seat, the Rockford Female Seminary became the alma mater of Jane Addams in 1881. This move accompanied the Seminarys transition into a complete curriculum. Culture flourished with the founding of the Mendelssohn Club in 1884 and this was complemented by the construction of a Carnegie library in 1902, which became the first building of Rockfords public library system. 1903 saw the dedication of the Winnebago County Veterans Memorial Hall in the presence of sitting President Theodore Roosevelt, Roosevelt returned to Rockford during his campaign in 1912 and later to address the soldiers at Camp Grant, a training site for World War I soldiers
22.
Young Eagles
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The program is offered free of charge with costs covered by the volunteers. It was launched in 1992 and, by 2016, has more than 2 million children in 90 countries. The programs presenting sponsors are Phillips 66 and Sportys Pilot Shop, in 1991, a survey of long-time EAA members was conducted to help determine the organization’s future priorities. Nearly 92 percent said EAA’s primary objective should be to involve young people in aviation. The survey also showed that a flight experience inspired respondents toward aviation. C, the mission of the EAA Young Eagles Program is to provide a meaningful flight experience – free of charge – in a general aviation aircraft for young people. Flights are provided by EAA members worldwide, the initial goal of the program was to fly one million children prior to the 100th anniversary of flight celebration. That goal was achieved on November 13,2003, an ongoing annual goal of introducing 100,000 young people to the Young Eagles experience has been established. The program is administered by the Young Eagles Office at EAA headquarters in Oshkosh, at AirVenture Oshkosh 2012, EAA unveiled a new program called Eagle Flights, which will offer rides for adults. In Canada the Canadian Owners and Pilots Association participated in the Young Eagles program between 1992 and 2008, COPA members have flown more than 81,000 Young Eagles. COPA participation was ended on May 31,2008 due to insurance concerns, more than 43,000 pilots have participated in the program, donating their time and paying the full cost of providing the flights for the children in their own or rented aircraft. While some pilots have flown a few Young Eagles there are many pilots who have flown more than three thousand children. At the programs inception EAA decided to recruit a well-known person to act as Chairman, the programs founding chairman was actor Cliff Robertson who served in that capacity from 1992 to 1994. Robertson was succeeded in 1994 by retired USAF General and test pilot Chuck Yeager, Yeager stepped down as chairman in 2004 and, in March 2004, actor and pilot Harrison Ford became Chairman of the Young Eagles program. Ford has flown more than 300 Young Eagles in several airplanes, Ford finished his five-year term in 2009. In July 2013 Sean D. Tucker replaced Sullenberger and Skiles as chairman, rolls Royce contributed in 2010 six flight scholarships for basic flight training, and one for advanced training toward a private pilot certificate. In May 2009, EAA joined with Sportys Pilot Shop of Batavia, Ohio, Sportys has made their on line Complete Flight Training Course available to any interested Young Eagle following their flight. Sporty’s also provides pilot logbooks to allow Young Eagles to record their flight, the Gathering of Eagles is an annual fundraiser auction event to support the Young Eagles program. The organization hosts the event each year in the EAA AirVenture Museum during its EAA AirVenture Airshow, among items auctioned were a SR-71 themed Blackbird Ford Mustang donated by Ford Motor Company, Jack Roush, and EAA member Carroll Shelby
23.
Wright brothers
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They made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft on December 17,1903, four miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. In 1904–05 the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft, although not the first to build and fly experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible. The brothers fundamental breakthrough was their invention of three-axis control, which enabled the pilot to steer the aircraft effectively and this method became and remains standard on fixed-wing aircraft of all kinds. From the beginning of their work, the Wright brothers focused on developing a reliable method of pilot control as the key to solving the flying problem. This approach differed significantly from other experimenters of the time who put emphasis on developing powerful engines. Using a small wind tunnel, the Wrights also collected more accurate data than any before, enabling them to design and build wings. Their first U. S. patent,821,393, did not claim invention of a machine, but rather. They gained the skills essential for their success by working for years in their shop with printing presses, bicycles, motors. Their work with bicycles in particular influenced their belief that a vehicle like a flying machine could be controlled and balanced with practice. From 1900 until their first powered flights in late 1903, they conducted extensive tests that also developed their skills as pilots. Their bicycle shop employee Charlie Taylor became an important part of the team, the Wright brothers status as inventors of the airplane has been subject to counter-claims by various parties. Much controversy persists over the competing claims of early aviators. The Wright brothers were two of seven born to Milton Wright, of English and Dutch ancestry, and Susan Catherine Koerner, of German. Wilbur was born near Millville, Indiana, in 1867, Orville in Dayton, Ohio, the other Wright siblings were Reuchlin, Lorin, Katharine, and twins Otis and Ida. In elementary school, Orville was given to mischief and was once expelled, the direct paternal ancestry goes back to a Samuel Wright who sailed to America and settled in Massachusetts in 1636. In 1878 their father, who traveled often as a bishop in the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, the device was based on an invention of French aeronautical pioneer Alphonse Pénaud. Made of paper, bamboo and cork with a band to twirl its rotor. Wilbur and Orville played with it until it broke, and then built their own, in later years, they pointed to their experience with the toy as the spark of their interest in flying
24.
Cliff Robertson
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Clifford Parker Cliff Robertson III was an American actor with a film and television career that spanned half a century. Robertson portrayed a young John F. Kennedy in the 1963 film PT109 and his last well-known film appearances were in 2002 through 2007 as Uncle Ben in the Spider-Man film trilogy. Robertson was born in La Jolla, California, the son of Clifford Parker Robertson, Jr. and his first wife and his Texas-born father was described as the idle heir to a tidy sum of ranching money. Robertson once said, was a romantic figure – tall. He married four or five times, and between marriages hed pop in to see me and he was a great raconteur, and he was always surrounded by sycophants who let him pick up the tab. During the Depression, he tapped the trust for $500,000, Robertsons parents divorced when he was one, and his mother died of peritonitis a year later in El Paso, Texas, at the age of 21. He was raised by his grandmother, Mary Eleanor Eleanora Willingham, in California. He graduated in 1941 from La Jolla High School, where he was known as The Walking Phoenix, merchant Marine in World War II, before attending Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio and dropping out to work as a journalist for a short time. Robertson was President John F. Kennedys personal choice to him in 1963s PT109. The next year, Robertson played a presidential candidate in The Best Man, Late in his life Robertsons career had a resurgence. He appeared as Uncle Ben Parker in Sam Raimis Spider-Man, as well as in the sequels Spider-Man 2 and he commented on his website, Since Spider-Man 1 and 2, I seem to have a whole new generation of fans. That in itself is a fine residual and he was also in the horror film Riding the Bullet. In 1989, he was a member of the jury at the 39th Berlin International Film Festival, Robertson also appeared as a special guest star on Wagon Train for one episode, portraying an Irish immigrant. In 1958, Robertson portrayed Joe Clay in the first broadcast of Playhouse 90s Days of Wine, in 1960, he was cast as Martinus Van Der Brig, a con man, in the episode End of a Dream of Riverboat. Other appearances included The Twilight Zone episodes A Hundred Yards Over the Rim and The Dummy, followed by the The Eleventh Hour in the 1963 episode and he guest-starred on such television series as The Greatest Show on Earth, Breaking Point and ABC Stage 67. He had starring roles in episodes of both the 1960s and 1990s versions of The Outer Limits and he was awarded an Emmy for his leading role in a 1965 episode, The Game of Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre. He appeared twice as a guest-villain on ABCs Batman as the gunfighter Shame, in 1976, he portrayed a retired Buzz Aldrin in an adaptation of Aldrins autobiography Return to Earth. In 1987, he portrayed Henry Ford in Ford, The Man, from 1983-84, he played Dr. Michael Ranson in Falcon Crest
25.
Chuck Yeager
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Charles Elwood Chuck Yeager is a former United States Air Force general officer and record-setting test pilot. In 1947, he became the first pilot confirmed to have exceeded the speed of sound in level flight, Yeagers career began in World War II as a private in the United States Army Air Forces. After serving as a mechanic, in September 1942 he entered enlisted pilot training and upon graduation was promoted to the rank of flight officer. After the war, Yeager became a test pilot of many types of aircraft, as the first human to officially break the sound barrier, on October 14,1947, he flew the experimental Bell X-1 at Mach 1 at an altitude of 45,000 ft. Although Scott Crossfield was the first to fly faster than Mach 2 in 1953, Yeagers flying career spans more than 60 years and has taken him to every corner of the globe, including the Soviet Union during the height of the Cold War. Yeager was born February 13,1923, to farming parents Susie Mae and Albert Hal Yeager in Myra, West Virginia and he had two brothers, Roy and Hal, Jr. and two sisters, Doris Ann and Pansy Lee. His first experience with the military was as a teen at the Citizens Military Training Camp at Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indianapolis, Indiana, on February 26,1945, Yeager married Glennis Dickhouse, and the couple had four children. The name Yeager is an Anglicized form of the German name Jäger or Jaeger and he is the cousin of former baseball catcher Steve Yeager. Yeager enlisted as a private in the U. S. Army Air Forces on September 12,1941, having unusually sharp vision, which once enabled him to shoot a deer at 600 yards, Yeager displayed natural talent as a pilot and was accepted for flight training. He received his wings and a promotion to officer at Luke Field, Arizona. Assigned to the 357th Fighter Group at Tonopah, Nevada, he trained as a fighter pilot, flying Bell P-39 Airacobras. Stationed in the United Kingdom at RAF Leiston, Yeager flew P-51 Mustangs in combat with the 363d Fighter Squadron and he named his aircraft Glamorous Glen after his girlfriend, Glennis Faye Dickhouse, who became his wife in February 1945. Yeager had gained one victory before he was shot down over France in his 1st aircraft on March 5,1944 during his eighth mission and he escaped to Spain on March 30 with the help of the Maquis and returned to England on May 15,1944. He was awarded the Bronze Star for helping another airman, who had lost part of his leg during the escape attempt, to cross the Pyrenees. He had joined another evader, fellow P-51 pilot 1st Lt Fred Glover, in speaking directly to the Supreme Allied Commander, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Eisenhower, after gaining permission from the War Department to decide the requests, concurred with Yeager and Glover. In part, because of his background, he also frequently served as a maintenance officer in his flying units. Yeager demonstrated outstanding flying skills and combat leadership, on October 12,1944, he became the first pilot in his group to make ace in a day, downing five enemy aircraft in a single mission. Yeager later reported both pilots bailed out and he finished the war with 11.5 official victories, including one of the first air-to-air victories over a jet fighter
26.
Speed of sound
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The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. In dry air at 20 °C, the speed of sound is 343 metres per second, the speed of sound in an ideal gas depends only on its temperature and composition. The speed has a dependence on frequency and pressure in ordinary air. In common everyday speech, speed of sound refers to the speed of waves in air. However, the speed of sound varies from substance to substance, sound travels most slowly in gases, it travels faster in liquids, and faster still in solids. For example, sound travels at 343 m/s in air, it travels at 1,484 m/s in water, in an exceptionally stiff material such as diamond, sound travels at 12,000 m/s, which is around the maximum speed that sound will travel under normal conditions. Sound waves in solids are composed of waves, and a different type of sound wave called a shear wave. Shear waves in solids usually travel at different speeds, as exhibited in seismology, the speed of compression waves in solids is determined by the mediums compressibility, shear modulus and density. The speed of waves is determined only by the solid materials shear modulus. In fluid dynamics, the speed of sound in a medium is used as a relative measure for the speed of an object moving through the medium. The ratio of the speed of an object to the speed of sound in the fluid is called the objects Mach number, objects moving at speeds greater than Mach1 are said to be traveling at supersonic speeds. During the 17th century, there were attempts to measure the speed of sound accurately, including attempts by Marin Mersenne in 1630, Pierre Gassendi in 1635. In 1709, the Reverend William Derham, Rector of Upminster, published an accurate measure of the speed of sound. Measurements were made of gunshots from a number of local landmarks, the distance was known by triangulation, and thus the speed that the sound had travelled was calculated. The transmission of sound can be illustrated by using a model consisting of an array of balls interconnected by springs, for real material the balls represent molecules and the springs represent the bonds between them. Sound passes through the model by compressing and expanding the springs, transmitting energy to neighbouring balls, which transmit energy to their springs, the speed of sound through the model depends on the stiffness of the springs, and the mass of the balls. As long as the spacing of the balls remains constant, stiffer springs transmit energy more quickly, effects like dispersion and reflection can also be understood using this model. In a real material, the stiffness of the springs is called the modulus
27.
Harrison Ford
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Harrison Ford is an American actor and film producer. He gained worldwide fame for his roles as Han Solo in the Star Wars film series. Six of his films have been inducted into the National Film Registry, American Graffiti, The Conversation, Star Wars, The Empire Strikes Back, Raiders of the Lost Ark and Blade Runner. In 1997, Ford was ranked No.1 in Empires The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time list. As of 2016, the U. S. domestic box-office grosses of Fords films total over US$4.7 billion, with worldwide grosses surpassing $6 billion, Ford is married to actress Calista Flockhart. Ford was born at the Swedish Covenant Hospital in Chicago, Illinois to Christopher Ford, an executive and former actor, and Dorothy. A younger brother, Terence, was born in 1945, Fords paternal grandparents, John Fitzgerald Ford and Florence Veronica Niehaus, were of Irish Catholic and German descent, respectively. Fords maternal grandparents, Harry Nidelman and Anna Lifschutz, were Jewish immigrants from Minsk, when asked in which religion he and his brother were raised, Ford jokingly responded, Democrat, to be liberals of every stripe. Ford was active in the Boy Scouts of America, and achieved its second-highest rank and he worked at Napowan Adventure Base Scout camp as a counselor for the Reptile Study merit badge. Because of this, he and director Steven Spielberg later decided to depict the young Indiana Jones as a Life Scout in the film Indiana Jones, in 1960, Ford graduated from Maine East High School in Park Ridge, Illinois. His was the first student voice broadcast on his high schools new radio station, WMTH and he attended Ripon College in Wisconsin, where he was a philosophy major and a member of the Sigma Nu fraternity. He took a class in the final quarter of his senior year to get over his shyness. Ford, a late bloomer, became fascinated with acting. In 1964, after a season of stock with the Belfry Players in Wisconsin. He did not get it, but stayed in California and eventually signed a contract with Columbia Pictures New Talent program. His first known role was a role as a bellhop in Dead Heat on a Merry-Go-Round. There is little record of his roles in film. Ford was at the bottom of the hiring list, having offended producer Jerry Tokovsky after he played a bellboy in the feature
28.
Chesley Sullenberger
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Sullenberger is an international speaker on airline safety and has helped develop new protocols for airline safety. He served as the co-chairman, along with First Officer Jeffrey Skiles and he retired from US Airways after 30 years as a commercial pilot on March 3,2010. In May of the year, Sullenberger was hired by CBS News as an Aviation. His second book, Making a Difference, Stories of Vision and he was ranked second in Times Top 100 Most Influential Heroes and Icons of 2009, after Michelle Obama. Chesley Sullenberger was born in Denison, Texas, the son of Marjorie Pauline, a school teacher, and Chesley Burnett Sullenberger. His father was a descendant of Swiss-German immigrants named Sollenberger and he has one sister, Mary Wilson. The street on which he grew up in Denison was named after his mothers family and he went to school in Denison, and was consistently on the 99th centile in every academic category. At the age of 12, his IQ was deemed enough to join Mensa International. In high school, he was the president of the Latin club, a first chair flautist, and his high school friends have said that Sullenberger developed a passion for flying from watching jets based out of Perrin Air Force Base. He was an member of the Waples Memorial United Methodist Church in Denison. At 16, Sullenberger learned to fly in an Aeronca 7DC from an airstrip near his home. He said the training he received from a flight instructor grounded his aviation career for the rest of his life. Sully Sullenberger holds a Bachelor of Science from the U. S. Air Force Academy, Sullenberger also holds a Masters degree in Industrial Psychology from Purdue University and a masters degree in Public Administration from the University of Northern Colorado. Sullenberger was appointed to the United States Air Force Academy, entering with the Class of 1973 in June 1969 and he was selected along with around a dozen other freshmen for a cadet glider program, and by the end of that year, he was an instructor pilot. In the year of his graduation,1973, he received the Outstanding Cadet in Airmanship award, following completion of his graduate degree at Purdue, he was assigned to UPT at Columbus AFB, Mississippi, flying the T-37 Tweet and T-38 Talon. After earning his wings in 1975 as a USAF Pilot, he completed replacement training in the F-4 Phantom II at Luke AFB, Arizona. Following his assignment at RAF Lakenheath, he was reassigned to the 428th Tactical Fighter Squadron of the 474th Tactical Fighter Wing at Nellis AFB, Nevada, while in the Air Force, he was a member of an aircraft accident investigation board. Sullenberger was employed by US Airways and its predecessor airlines from 1980 until 2010, in total, he has more than 40 years and 20,000 hours of flying experience
29.
US Airways Flight 1549
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Unable to reach any airport, pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off midtown Manhattan. All 155 people aboard were rescued by boats and there were few serious injuries. The incident came to be known as the Miracle on the Hudson, the pilots and flight attendants received the Masters Medal of the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators for a heroic and unique aviation achievement. The aircraft was an Airbus A320-214 powered by two GE Aviation/Snecma-designed CFM56-5B4/P turbofan engines, the pilot in command was 57-year-old Chesley B. Sully Sullenberger, a fighter pilot who had been an airline pilot since leaving the United States Air Force in 1980. At the time, he had logged 19,663 total flight hours, including 4,765 in an A320, he was also a glider pilot and expert on aviation safety. Skiles,49, had accrued 15,643 career flight hours, there were 150 passengers and three flight attendants aboard. The flight was cleared for takeoff to the northeast from LaGuardias Runway 4 at 3,24,56 pm Eastern Standard Time, with Skiles in control, the crew made its first report after becoming airborne at 3,25,51 as being at 700 feet and climbing. The weather at 2,51 p. m. was 10 miles visibility with broken clouds at 3,700 feet, wind 8 knots from 290°, at 3,26,37 Sullenberger remarked to Skiles, What a view of the Hudson today. At 3,27,11 the plane struck a flock of Canada geese at an altitude of 2,818 feet about 4.5 miles north-northwest of LaGuardia. The pilots view was filled with the birds, passengers and crew later reported hearing very loud bangs and seeing flames from the engines, followed by silence. Realizing that both engines had shut down, Sullenberger took control while Skiles worked the checklist for engine restart, at 3,27,33, Sullenberger radioed a Mayday call to New York Terminal Radar Approach Control. This is Cactus 1539, hit birds, weve lost thrust on both engines. Air traffic controller Patrick Harten told LaGuardias tower to hold all departures, Sullenberger asked if they could attempt to land in New Jersey, mentioning Teterboro Airport, controllers obtained permission for a landing on Teterboros Runway 1. Sullenberger responded, We cant do it, were gonna be in the Hudson. The aircraft passed less than 900 feet above the George Washington Bridge, Sullenberger commanded over the cabin address system, Brace for impact, and the flight attendants relayed the command to passengers. Flight attendants compared the ditching to a landing with one impact, no bounce. The ebb tide then began to take the plane southward, Sullenberger opened the cockpit door and ordered evacuation
30.
Sun 'n Fun
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Sun n Fun is a nonprofit organization in Lakeland, Florida dedicated to the promotion of aviation education. It is best known for the annual week-long fly-in and airshow at Lakeland Linder Regional Airport in Lakeland, Florida, usually held during late March or early April. The event was founded in 1974 and was first organized by the chapter of the Experimental Aircraft Association. Sun n Fun is primarily a volunteer organization, with a small year-round staff, the Florida Air Museum at Sun n Fun, is also located on the Sun n Fun campus at Lakeland Linder Regional Airport. In April 2010 Sun n Fun received a US$7. 5M grant from the Aviation Education Foundation for new the Central Florida Aerospace Academy building, the school is an existing aviation-oriented high school and career academy that is already located on the airport grounds. Completed in August 2011 it accommodates 500 high school students, increasing its current capacity of 175 students. 1975 The first weekend fly-in, called Mid-Winter Sun n Fun, was held in January at the Lakeland Municipal Airport and was limited to pilots, EAA, SESAC,1,980 guests and 365 aircraft were present. 1976 The fly-in was expanded to a week and the City of Lakeland approved a lease for the convention site to be moved to the southwest quadrant of the airport. The public was invited on a limited basis,1,200 aircraft including 200 homebuilts,180 antiques,260 classics, and 28 Warbirds were on site. 1977 Snow fell at the airport for the time in show history to date. 1978 The fly-in became the second largest in the United States, topped only by the EAA convention in Oshkosh, Wisconsin,1980 The date of the Fly-In was changed from January to March. 1981 For the first time, hot air balloons became a part of the fly-in,24 balloons lifted off from the site on opening day. 1986 A new corporate office and exhibit building are added, a newly restored Convair XF2Y-1 Sea Dart is displayed near the new mini-museum. 1992 The Sun n Fun Air Museum held its grand opening,1995 Retired USAF Brigadier General Chuck Yeager and astronaut Lieutenant Colonel Curtis Brown were featured guests. 1997 Brazilian Air Forces Aerial Demonstration Squadron is the featured act,2000 Airshow legend Bob Hoover flew the last flight of his Shrike Commander at the fly-in. 2002 Bobby Younkin debuted the world’s first aerobatic Learjet,2004 Bruce Bohannon and his turbocharged Exxon “Flyin’ Tiger” set four Time To Climb world records. 2006 Sun n Fun marked the first civilian appearance of the new USAF F-22 Raptor fighter aircraft,2010 Sun n Fun marked the return of US military flight demonstration teams to the event, in this case by the United States Air Force Thunderbirds. 2011 On March 31, an EF1 tornado hit the grounds of the airshow, resulting in damage to 40-50 aircraft, the airshow continued the next day
31.
Lakeland, Florida
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Lakeland is a city in Polk County, Florida, United States, east of Tampa. According to the 2013 U. S. Census Bureau estimate and it is twinned with Richmond Hill, Ontario, Imabari, Ehime, Japan, Balti, Moldova, Portmore, Jamaica, and Chongming County, Shanghai, China through the Lakeland chapter of Sister Cities International. Native Americans began to live in the area 12,000 years ago, White settlers arrived in Lakeland in the 1870s and the city expanded in the 1880s with the arrival of rail service. Lakeland is home to the 1, 267-acre Circle B Bar Reserve, the first Paleo-Indians reached the central Florida area near the end of the last ice age, as they followed big game south. As the ice melted and sea levels rose, these Native Americans ended up staying, by the time the first Spanish conquistadors arrived, more than 250,000 Native Americans were living on the peninsula. Some of these first early tribes were the Tocobago, Timucua, in 1527, a Spanish map showed a settlement near the Rio de la Paz. The arrival of the Spanish turned out to be disastrous to these Native American tribes, within 150 years, the majority of the pre-Columbian Native American peoples of Florida had been wiped out. Those who had not succumbed to such as smallpox or yellow fever were either killed or enslaved. Little is left of these first Native Americans cultures in Polk County except for scant archaeological records, including a few personal artifacts, eventually, the remnants of these tribes merged with the Creek Indians who had arrived from the north and became the Seminole Indian tribe. Florida became a state in 1845, and Polk County was established in 1861, after the American Civil War, the county seat was established southeast of Lakeland in Bartow. Lakeland was first settled in the 1870s and began to develop as the lines reached the area in 1884. It was incorporated January 1,1885, the town was founded by Abraham Munn, who purchased 80 acres of land in what is now downtown Lakeland in 1882 and platted the land for the town in 1884. Lakeland was named for the lakes near the town site. In April 1898, the Spanish–American War began and started a crucial point in Lakelands development. While the war ended quickly and had little impact on most of the nation, the Florida peninsula was used as a point for the war. The Florida boom resulted in the construction of significant structures in Lakeland. This list includes the Terrace Hotel, New Florida Hotel, Polk Theatre, Frances Langford Promenade, Polk Museum of Art, Park Trammell Building, the city also has several historic districts with many large buildings built during the 1920s and 1940s. The Cleveland Indians held spring training there from 1923 to 1927 at Henley Field Ball Park, parks were developed surrounding Lake Mirror including Barnett Childrens Park, Hollis Gardens, and the newest, Allen Kryger Park
32.
EAA Biplane
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The EAA Biplane is a recreational aircraft that was designed in the United States in the late 1950s and marketed as plans for homebuilding. The design was produced for the EAA by a team of Allison engineers led by EAA member Jim D. Stewart and this team took the Gere Sport of the 1930s as their starting point and eventually developed a completely new design. It is a biplane of conventional configuration, with staggered. The undercarriage is of fixed tailwheel type, the fuselage is fabric-covered welded steel tube, and the wings fabric-covered wood. Plans for the biplane remained available until 1972, by which time some 7,000 sets had been sold, the prototype is now preserved at the EAA AirVenture Museum in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. The prototype was constructed by students at St. Rita of Cascia High School, Chicago, another example named the Parkside Eagle was constructed by students of Parkside High School in Michigan in 1971 and test flown for the first time by Paul Poberezny. Articles as late as 2003 describe various aspects, modifications and completing construction of EAA Biplanes, janes All the Worlds Aircraft 1977-78. AirVenture Museum page on type airVenture Museum specification page for Biplane with 85 hp engine and open cockpit List of magazine articles about the EAA Biplane
33.
Aircraft Kit Industry Association
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The Aircraft Kit Industry Association is an American aviation advocacy association that was formed in July 2012 and formally constituted at AirVenture 2012. The organization promotes the kit aircraft industry and advocates for allowing flight training in amateur built aircraft as a means of reducing accidents in that sector of aviation. It also acts as a defender of the majority portion, or 51% rule, in amateur-built aircraft regulations, the NTSB actually recommended that the kit industry form an association, something that had already begun, as well as aircraft type transition training for amateur-builts. The organization was formed though a series of conversations held in the spring of 2012 between kit aircraft manufacturers. In particular they needed a voice to address potential regulatory changes that might be brought forward to address safety. more attention should be paid to the first pre-flight. He also singled out transition training for pilots buying kit aircraft and he concluded, collectively, we have the knowledge and experience to make a difference in the culture. In an interview in December 2012 VanGrunsven said We see AKIA as being the key source of information and counsel for our industry and we have already established very positive contacts with EAA, FAA, NTSB, AOPA, SETP, GAMA and LAMA. We have common interests with all non-government groups, and with government agencies as well and we do not see ourselves as a threat to any because success within our industry only increases the aviation activity on which member organizations such as EAA and AOPA thrive. The associations first officers include, President John Monnett Vice President Dick VanGrunsven Secretary Dave Gustafson, the initial members were, Aircraft Spruce & Specialty Co Kitfox Aircraft Lancair Sonex Aircraft Vans Aircraft Wicks Aircraft Supply Zenith Aircraft Company Official website
34.
Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association
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The Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association is a Frederick, Maryland-based American non-profit political organization that advocates for general aviation. The organization started at Wings Field in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, on 24 April 1932, The Philadelphia Aviation Country Club was founded at Wings Field. The country club was the location of meetings of members that founded AOPA, AOPA incorporated on May 15,1939, with C. Towsend Ludington serving as the first president, AOPAs membership consists mainly of general aviation pilots in the United States. AOPA exists to serve the interests of its members as aircraft owners and pilots, and to promote the economy, safety, utility, in 1971 the organization purchased Airport World Magazine, moving its operations to Bethesda, Maryland. With 384,915 members in 2012, AOPA is the largest aviation association in the world, although since 2010 it has decreased in membership from 414,224, a loss of 7% in two years. AOPA is affiliated with similar organizations in other countries though membership in the International Council of Aircraft Owner. AOPA Foundation, is AOPA’s 501 charitable organization, the foundations four goals are to improve general aviation safety, grow pilot population, preserve and improve community airports, and provide a positive image of general aviation. AOPA Political Action Committee, is just for AOPA members, through lobbying, it represents the interests of general aviation to Congress, the Executive Branch, and state and local governments. The AOPA PAC campaigns in favor of federal, state and local candidates that support their policies and oppose those who do not through advertising, GA Serves America, was created to promote general aviation to the public. Legal Services Plan/Pilot Protection Services, provides AOPA members with legal defense against alleged FAA enforcement charges as well as obtaining an FAA flight medical. Enrollment in Pilot Protection Services is only open to AOPA members, the Legal Services Plan was combined with the former medical program in May 2012 under the name Pilot Protection Services. The Legal Services Plan was created in June 1983, AOPA sponsors its own Fly-In and open house in Frederick Maryland. The yearly event started in 1991 with 125 aircraft, by 2001, the attendance grew to 760 aircraft. The event was cancelled for five years after the September 11th attacks, and airspace changes, canadian Owners and Pilots Association – similar organization established in Canada in 1952
35.
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
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The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel is a daily morning broadsheet printed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It is the newspaper in Milwaukee, the largest newspaper in Wisconsin and is distributed widely throughout the state. It is owned by the Gannett Company, the new Journal Sentinel then became a seven-day morning paper. In early 2003, the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel began printing operations at its new printing facility in West Milwaukee, the merged papers volume and edition numbers follow those of the Journal. The founder of Milwaukee, Solomon Juneau, provided the funds for editor John ORourke. It was first published as a weekly on June 27,1837. A deathly ill ORourke struggled to help the paper to find its feet before he died six months later of tuberculosis at the age of 24, on Juneaus request, ORourkes associate, Harrison Reed, remained to take over the Sentinels operations. He continued the struggle to keep the paper ahead of its debts, meanwhile, the establishment of the Whig party in the territory thrust the Sentinel into the hurly-burly of partisan politics. In 1840 Reed was assaulted by individuals whom the Sentinel charged were hirelings of Democratic Governor Henry Dodge, later that year the paper abandoned its independence and proclaimed itself a Whig paper with its endorsement of William Henry Harrison for president in 1840. In financial straits, Reed lost control of the paper in 1841 when Democrats foreclosed on the Sentinels mortgaged debt, only after the Democrats successful election of Dodge for Congress was Reed able to regain control of the paper. The next year he sold the Sentinel to Elisha Starr, an editor who had founded a new Whig paper in response to the Sentinels Democratic lapse, Reed later became a carpetbag governor of Florida during Reconstruction. Starr guarded the Sentinels position as the sole Whig organ in Milwaukee, heavily in debt, he secured the partnership of David M. Keeler, who paid off the papers creditors. Keeler took on partner John S. Fillmore and succeeded in ousting Starr, Keeler and Fillmore trumped his efforts by turning their Sentinel into a daily on December 9,1844, while still publishing a weekly edition. The paper finally began to prosper and establish itself as a political force in the nascent state of Wisconsin. Weed recommended his associate editor and protégé, Rufus King, King was a native of New York City, a graduate of West Point, a brevet lieutenant, the son of the president of Columbia College and the grandson of U. S. In June 1845 King came to Milwaukee and became the Sentinels editor three months later, King was lionized by the community. It was his suggestion that made the Sentinel the first paper in the Midwest to employ newsboys to boost street sales, due largely to Kings connections to the East, the quality of the Sentinel greatly improved. He declared the Sentinel an antislavery paper and also supported temperance legislation, King invested his own money in the paper, purchasing the first power press in the Midwest
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