ASIMO
ASIMO is a humanoid robot created by Honda in 2000. It is displayed in the Miraikan museum in Tokyo, Japan. Honda began developing humanoid robots in the 1980s, including several prototypes that preceded ASIMO, it was the company's goal to create a walking robot. E0 was the first bipedal model produced as part of the Honda E series, an early experimental line of self-regulating, humanoid walking robot with wireless movements created between 1986 and 1993; this was followed by the Honda P series of robots produced from 1993 through 1997. The research made on the E- and P-series led to the creation of ASIMO. Development began at Honda's Wako Fundamental Technical Research Center in Japan in 1999 and ASIMO was unveiled in October 2000. ASIMO weighs 54 kg. Research conducted by Honda found that the ideal height for a mobility assistant robot was between 120 cm and the height of an average adult, conducive to operating door knobs and light switches. ASIMO is powered by a rechargeable 51.8 V lithium-ion battery with an operating time of one hour.
Switching from a nickel metal hydride in 2004 increased the amount of time ASIMO can operate before recharging. ASIMO has a three-dimensional computer processor, created by Honda and consists of a three stacked die, a processor, a signal converter and memory; the computer that controls ASIMO's movement is housed in the robot's waist area and can be controlled by a PC, wireless controller, or voice commands. ASIMO has the ability to recognize moving objects, gestures, its surrounding environment and faces, which enables it to interact with humans; the robot can detect the movements of multiple objects by using visual information captured by two camera "eyes" in its head and determine distance and direction. This feature allows ASIMO to face a person when approached; the robot interprets voice commands and human gestures, enabling it to recognize when a handshake is offered or when a person waves or points, respond accordingly. ASIMO's ability to distinguish between voices and other sounds allows it to identify its companions.
ASIMO is able to respond to its name and recognizes sounds associated with a falling object or collision. This allows the robot to look towards a sound. ASIMO responds to questions by nodding or providing a verbal answer in different languages and can recognize 10 different faces and address them by name. There are sensors; the two cameras inside the head are used as a visual sensor to detect obstacles. The lower portion of the torso has ground sensor which comprises one laser sensor and one infrared sensor; the laser sensor is used to detect ground surface. The infrared sensor with automatic shutter adjustment based on brightness is used to detect pairs of floor markings to confirm the navigable paths of the planned map; the pre-loaded map and the detection of floor markings help the robot to identify its present location and continuously adjust its position. There are rear ultrasonic sensors to sense the obstacles; the front sensor is located at the lower portion of the torso together with the ground sensor.
The rear sensor is located at the bottom of the backpack. Honda's work with ASIMO led to further research on walking assist devices that resulted in innovations such as the Stride Management Assist and the Bodyweight Support Assist. In honor of ASIMO's 10th anniversary in November 2010, Honda developed an application for the iPhone and Android smartphones called "Run with ASIMO." Users learn about the development of ASIMO by walking the robot through the steps of a race and sharing their lap times on Twitter and Facebook. Since ASIMO was introduced in 2000, the robot has traveled around the world and performed in front of international audiences. ASIMO made its first public appearance in the U. S. in 2002 when it rang the bell to open trade sessions for the New York Stock Exchange. From January 2003 to March 2005, the robot toured the U. S. and Canada, demonstrating its abilities for more than 130,000 people. From 2003 to 2004, ASIMO was part of the North American educational tour, where it visited top science and technology museums and academic institutions throughout North America.
The goal of the tour was to encourage students to study science through a live show that highlighted ASIMO's abilities. Additionally, the robot visited top engineering and computer science colleges and universities across the USA as part of the ASIMO Technology Circuit Tour in an effort to encourage students to consider scientific careers. In 2004, ASIMO was inducted into the Carnegie Mellon Robot Hall of Fame. In March 2005, the robot walked the red carpet at the world premiere of the computer-animated film, Robots. In June 2005, ASIMO became a feature in a show called "Say'Hello' to Honda's ASIMO" at Disneyland's Innoventions attraction, a part of the Tomorrowland area of the park; this was the only permanent installation of ASIMO in North America until Innoventions was closed in April 2015. The robot first visited the United Kingdom in January 2004 for public demonstrations at the Science Museum in London. ASIMO continued on a world tour, making stops in countries such as Spain, the United Arab Emirates, South Africa and Australia.
In October 2008, ASIMO greeted Prince Charles during a visit to the Miraikan Museum in Tokyo, where it performed a seven-minute step and dance routine. In a demonstration at Honda's Tokyo headquarters in 2007, the company demonstrated new intelligence technologies that enabled multiple ASIMO robots to work together; the demonstration showed the robot's ability to identify and avoid oncoming people, work with anoth
Aichi Prefecture
Aichi Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region. The region of Aichi is known as the Tōkai region; the capital is Nagoya. It is the focus of the Chūkyō metropolitan area; the region was divided into the two provinces of Owari and Mikawa. After the Meiji Restoration and Mikawa were united into a single entity. In 1871, after the abolition of the han system, with the exception of the Chita Peninsula, was established as Nagoya Prefecture, while Mikawa combined with the Chita Peninsula and formed Nukata Prefecture. Nagoya Prefecture was renamed to Aichi Prefecture in April 1872, was united with Nukata Prefecture on November 27 of the same year; the government of Aichi Prefecture is located in the Aichi Prefectural Government Office in Nagoya, the old capital of Owari. The Aichi Prefectural Police and its predecessor organisations have been responsible for law enforcement in the prefecture since 1871; the Expo 2005 World Exposition was held in Nagakute. In the third volume of the Man'yōshū there is a poem by Takechi Kurohito that reads: "The cry of the crane, calling to Sakurada.
Ayuchi is the original form of the name Aichi, the Fujimae tidal flat is all that remains of the earlier Ayuchi-gata. It is now a protected area. For a time, an Aichi Station existed on the Kansai Line between Nagoya and Hatta stations, but its role was overtaken by Sasashima-Live Station on the Aonami Line and Komeno Station on the Kintetsu Nagoya Line. Located near the center of the Japanese main island of Honshu, Aichi Prefecture faces the Ise and Mikawa Bays to the south and borders Shizuoka Prefecture to the east, Nagano Prefecture to the northeast, Gifu Prefecture to the north, Mie Prefecture to the west, it measures 106 km east to west and 94 km south to north and forms a major portion of the Nōbi Plain. With an area of 5,153.81 km2 it accounts for 1.36% of the total surface area of Japan. The highest spot is Chausuyama at 1,415 m above sea level; the western part of the prefecture is dominated by Nagoya, Japan's third largest city, its suburbs, while the eastern part is less densely populated but still contains several major industrial centers.
Due to its robust economy, for the period from October 2005 to October 2006, Aichi was the fastest growing prefecture in terms of population, beating Tokyo, at 7.4 per cent. As of April 1, 2012, 17% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks, namely the Aichi Kōgen, Hida-Kisogawa, Mikawa Wan, Tenryū-Okumikawa Quasi-National Parks along with seven Prefectural Natural Parks. Thirty-eight cities are located in Aichi Prefecture; these are the towns and villages in each district: Companies headquartered in Aichi include the following. Companies such as Fuji Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Motors, Sony, Suzuki and Volkswagen Group operate plants or branch offices in Aichi; as of 2001, Aichi Prefecture's population was 49.97 % female. 139,540 residents are of foreign nationality. JR Central Tokaido Shinkansen ■Tokaido Line ■Chūō Main Line ■Kansai Line ■Taketoyo Line ■Iida Line Meitetsu NH Nagoya Line IY Inuyama Line KM Komaki Line TA Centrair Line TA Tokoname Line ST Seto Line TK Toyokawa Line GN Gamagori Line TT Toyota Line KC Chita Line MU MY Mikawa Line TB Bisai Line CH Chikko Line TB Tsushima Line Kintetsu E Nagoya Line Aonami Line Nagoya Municipal Subway Higashiyama Line Meijo Line Tsurumai Line Sakura-dori Line Meiko Line Kamiiida Line Toyohashi Railroad Aichi Loop Line Nagoya Guideway Bus Linimo Toyohashi Railroad Expressways and toll roads National highways Chubu Centrair International Airport Nagoya Airfield Nagoya Port – International Container hub and ferry route to Sendai and Tomakomai, Hokkaido Mikawa Port – automobile and car parts export and part of inport base Kinuura Port – Handa and Hekinan National universities Aichi University of Education Graduate University for Advanced Studies - Okazaki Campus Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya University Toyohashi University of Technology Public universities Aichi Prefectural University Aichi Prefectural University of the Arts Nagoya City University Private universities The sports teams listed below are based in Aichi.
Central LeagueChunichi Dragons J. LeagueNagoya Grampus JFLFC Maruyasu OkazakiTokai Regional LeagueFC Kariya L. LeagueNGU Loveledge Nagoya B. LeagueSAN-EN NeoPhoenix（Toyohashi and Hamamatsu） SeaHorses Mikawa（Kariya） Nagoya Diamond Dolphins（Nagoya） Toyotsu Fighting Eagles Nagoya（Nagoya） Aisin AW Areions Anjo（Anjō） V. LeagueToyoda Gosei Trefuerza JTEKT Stings（Kariya） Denso Airybees Toyota Auto Body Queenseis Top LeagueToyota Verblitz Toyota Industries Shuttles（Kariya） F. LeagueNagoya Oceans（Nagoya） X-LeagueNagoya Cyclones（Nagoya） Kirix Toyota Bull Fighters Aichi Golden Wings AFLNagoya Redbacks Australian Football Club（Nagoya） Notable sites in Aichi include the Meiji Mura open-air architectural museum in Inuyama, which preserves historic buildings from Japan's Meiji and Taishō periods, including the reconstructed lobby of Frank Lloyd Wright's old Imperial Hotel. Other popular sites in Aichi include the tour of the Toyota car factory in the city by the same name, the monkey park in Inuyama, the castles in Nagoya, Okazaki and Inuyama.
Aichi Prefecture has many wonderful beaches. For example, Hi
World's fair
A world's fair, world fair, world expo, universal exposition, or international exposition is a large international exhibition designed to showcase achievements of nations. These exhibitions are held in different parts of the world; the most recent international exhibition, Expo 2017, was held in Kazakhstan. Dubai, United Arab Emirates has been selected to host WORLD EXPO 2020. Osaka, Japan has been selected to host World Expo 2025. Since the 1928 Convention Relating to International Exhibitions came into force, the Bureau International des Expositions has served as an international sanctioning body for world's fairs. Four types of international exhibition are organised under the auspices of the BIE: World Expos, Specialized Expos, Horticultural Expos and the Triennale di Milano. Depending on their category, international exhibitions may last from three weeks to six months. World's fairs originated in the French tradition of national exhibitions, a tradition that culminated with the French Industrial Exposition of 1844 held in Paris.
This fair was followed by other national exhibitions in the United Kingdom. The best-known'first World Expo' was held in The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, United Kingdom, in 1851, under the title "Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations"; the Great Exhibition, as it is called, was an idea of Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's husband, is considered to be the first international exhibition of manufactured products. It influenced the development of several aspects of society, including art-and-design education, international trade and relations, tourism; this expo was the precedent for the many international exhibitions called world's fairs, that have continued to be held to the present time. The character of world fairs, or expositions, has evolved since the first one in 1851. Three eras can be distinguished: the era of industrialization, the era of cultural exchange, the era of nation branding; the first era, the era of "industrialization", roughtly covered the years from 1800 to 1938.
In these days, world expositions were focused on trade and displayed technological advances and inventions. World expositions were platforms for state-of-the-art technology from around the world; the world expositions of 1851 London, 1853 New York, 1862 London, 1876 Philadelphia, 1889 Paris, 1893 Chicago, 1897 Brussels, 1900 Paris, 1901 Buffalo, 1904 St. Louis, 1915 San Francisco, 1933–34 Chicago were notable in this respect. Inventions such as the telephone were first presented during this era; this era set the basic character of the world fair. The 1939–40 New York World's Fair, those that followed, took a different approach, one less focused on techology and aimed more at cultural themes and social progress. For instance, the theme of the 1939 fair was "Building the World of Tomorrow"; these fairs encouraged effective intercultural communication alongside with sharing of techological innovation. The 1967 International and Universal Exposition in Montreal was promoted under the name Expo 67.
Event organizers retired the term world's fair in favor of Expo. From World Expo 88 in Brisbane onwards, countries started to use expositions as a platform to improve their national image through their pavilions. Finland, Canada and Spain are cases in point. A major study by Tjaco Walvis called "Expo 2000 Hanover in Numbers" showed that improving national image was the main goal for 73% of the countries participating in Expo 2000. Pavilions became a kind of advertising campaign, the Expo served as a vehicle for "nation branding". According to branding expert Wally Olins, Spain used Expo'92 and the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona in the same year to underscore its new position as a modern and democratic country and to show itself as a prominent member of the European Union and the global community. At Expo 2000 Hanover, countries created their own architectural pavilions, investing, on average, €12 million each. Given these costs, governments are sometimes hesitant to participate, because the ultimate benefits do not justify the costs.
While the tangible effects are difficult to measure, an independent study for the Dutch pavilion at Expo 2000 estimated that the pavilion generated around €350 million of potential revenues for the Dutch economy. It identified several key success factors for world-exposition pavilions in general. Presently, there are two types of international exhibition: Specialised Expos. World Expos known as universal expositions, are the biggest category events. At World Expos, participants build their own pavilions, they are therefore most expensive expos. Their duration may be between six months. Since 1995, the interval between two World Expos has been at least five years; the latest World Expo Expo 2015 was held in Milan, from 1 May to 31 October 2015. Specialized Expos are smaller in scope and investments and shorter in duration; these Expos were called Special Exhibitions or International Specialized Exhibitions but these terms are no longer used officially. Their total surface area must not exceed 25
Chiang Mai
Chiang Mai sometimes written as "Chiengmai" or "Chiangmai" is the largest city in northern Thailand. It is the capital of Chiang Mai Province and was a former capital of the kingdom of Lan Na, which became the Kingdom of Chiang Mai, a tributary state of Siam from 1774 to 1899, the seat of princely rulers until 1939, it is 700 km north of Bangkok near the highest mountains in the country. The city sits astride the Ping River, a major tributary of the Chao Phraya River. Chiang Mai means "New City" and was so named because it became the new capital of Lan Na when it was founded in 1296, succeeding Chiang Rai, the former capital founded in 1262, its ceremonial full name is Nopburi Si-Nakhonping Chiangmai which means Chiangmai, Ping's City of the Nine referring the ancient nine Lannese tribes in this area. In May 2006 Chiang Mai was the site of the Chiang Mai Initiative, concluded between the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the "ASEAN+3" countries. Chiang Mai was one of three Thai cities contending for Thailand's bid to host the World Expo 2020.
Ayutthaya was chosen by the Thai Parliament to register for the international competition. In early December 2017, Chiang Mai was awarded the UNESCO title of Creative City. In 2015, Chiang Mai was on the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage inscription. Chiang Mai was one of two tourist destinations in Thailand on TripAdvisor's 2014 list of "25 Best Destinations in the World", where it stands at number 24. Chiang Mai's historic importance is derived from its close proximity to the Ping River and major trading routes. While the city of Chiang Mai only covers most parts of the Mueang Chiang Mai District, with a population of 160,000, the city's sprawl extends into several neighboring districts; the Chiang Mai metropolitan area has a population of nearly one million people, more than half the total of Chiang Mai Province. The city is subdivided into four khwaeng: Nakhon Ping, Srivijaya and Kawila; the first three are on the west bank of the Ping River, Kawila is on the east bank. Nakhon Ping District includes the northern part of the city.
Srivijaya and Kawila consist of the western and eastern parts, respectively. The city center—within the city walls—is within Srivijaya ward; the Ping River, one of the main tributaries of the Chao Phraya River, originates at Doi Thuai, in the mountains of the Daen Lao Range in Chiang Dao District. The river, the largest in the region, runs from north to south, forming a river basin east of Chiang Mai. Mae Ping River served as the route of trade and communication between Chiang Mai and its controlled states in Lanna, as well as the outside world. Mangrai founded Chiang Mai in 1294 or 1296 on the site of an older city of the Lawa people called Wiang Nopburi. Gordon Young, in his 1962 book The Hill tribes of Northern Thailand, mentions how a Wa chieftain in British Burma told him that the Wa, a people who are related to the Lawa, once lived in the Chiang Mai valley in "sizeable cities". Chiang Mai succeeded Chiang Rai as the capital of Lan Na. Pha Yu enlarged and fortified the city, built Wat Phra Singh in honor of his father Kham Fu.
The ruler was known as the chao. The city was surrounded by a moat and a defensive wall since nearby Taungoo Dynasty of the Bamar people was a constant threat, as were the armies of the Mongol Empire, which only decades earlier had conquered most of Yunnan, in 1292 overran the bordering Dai kingdom of Chiang Hung. With the decline of Lan Na, the city lost importance and was occupied by the Taungoo in 1556. Chiang Mai formally became part of the Thonburi Kingdom in 1775 by an agreement with Chao Kavila, after the Thonburi king Taksin helped drive out the Taungoo Bamar; because of Taungoo counterattacks, Chiang Mai was abandoned between 1776 and 1791. Lampang served as the capital of what remained of Lan Na. Chiang Mai slowly grew in cultural and economic importance to its current status as the unofficial capital of Northern Thailand, second in importance only to Bangkok; the modern municipality dates to a sanitary district, created in 1915. It was upgraded to a municipality on 29 March 1935, as published in the Royal Gazette, Book No. 52 section 80.
First covering just 17.5 km2, the city was enlarged to 40.2 km2 on 5 April 1983. "... Chiang Mai represents the prime diamond on the crown of Thailand, the crown cannot be sparkle and beauteous without the diamond..." The city emblem shows the stupa at Wat Phra That Doi Suthep in its center. Below it are clouds representing the moderate climate in the mountains of northern Thailand. There is a nāga, the mythical snake said to be the source of the Ping River, rice stalks, which refer to the fertility of the land. Chiang Mai has a tropical savanna climate, tempered by the low latitude and moderate elevation, with warm to hot weather year-round, though nighttime conditions during the dry season can be cool and much lower than daytime highs; the maximum temperature recorded was 42.4 °C in May 2005. Cold and hot weather effects occur but cold effects last longer than hot effects and contribute to higher cold related motility risk among old people aged more than 85 years. A continuing environmental issue in Chiang Mai is the incidence of air pollution that occurs every year towards the end of the dry season between February and April.
In 1996, speaking at the Fourth International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement conference—held in Chiang Mai that year—the Go
Maglev
Maglev is a system of train transportation that uses two sets of magnets, one set to repel and push the train up off the track another set to move the'floating train' ahead at great speed taking advantage of the lack of friction. Along certain "medium range" routes Maglev can compete favorably with high-speed rail and airplanes. With Maglev technology, there are no moving parts; the train is the only moving part. The train travels along a guideway of magnets which control the train's speed. Maglev trains are therefore quieter and smoother than conventional trains, have the potential for much higher speeds. Maglev vehicles have set several speed records and Maglev trains can accelerate and decelerate much faster than conventional trains; the power needed for levitation is not a large percentage of the overall energy consumption of a high speed maglev system. Overcoming drag, which makes all land transport more energy intensive at higher speeds, takes up the most energy. Vactrain technology has been proposed as a means to overcome this limitation.
Maglev systems have been much more expensive to construct than conventional train systems, although the simpler construction of maglev vehicles makes them cheaper to manufacture and maintain. Despite over a century of research and development, maglev transport systems are in operation in just three countries; the incremental benefits of maglev technology have been hard to justify against cost and risk where there is an existing or proposed conventional high speed train line with spare passenger carrying capacity, as in high-speed rail in Europe, the High Speed 2 in the UK and Shinkansen in Japan. In the late 1940s, the British electrical engineer Eric Laithwaite, a professor at Imperial College London, developed the first full-size working model of the linear induction motor, he became professor of heavy electrical engineering at Imperial College in 1964, where he continued his successful development of the linear motor. Since linear motors do not require physical contact between the vehicle and guideway, they became a common fixture on advanced transportation systems in the 1960s and 70s.
Laithwaite joined one such project, the Tracked Hovercraft, although the project was cancelled in 1973. The linear motor was suited to use with maglev systems as well. In the early 1970s, Laithwaite discovered a new arrangement of magnets, the magnetic river, that allowed a single linear motor to produce both lift and forward thrust, allowing a maglev system to be built with a single set of magnets. Working at the British Rail Research Division in Derby, along with teams at several civil engineering firms, the "transverse-flux" system was developed into a working system; the first commercial maglev people mover was called "MAGLEV" and opened in 1984 near Birmingham, England. It operated on an elevated 600 m section of monorail track between Birmingham Airport and Birmingham International railway station, running at speeds up to 42 km/h; the system was closed in 1995 due to reliability problems. High-speed transportation patents were granted to various inventors throughout the world. Early United States patents for a linear motor propelled train were awarded to German inventor Alfred Zehden.
The inventor was awarded U. S. Patent 782,312 and U. S. Patent RE12,700. In 1907, another early electromagnetic transportation system was developed by F. S. Smith. A series of German patents for magnetic levitation trains propelled by linear motors were awarded to Hermann Kemper between 1937 and 1941. An early maglev train was described in U. S. Patent 3,158,765, "Magnetic system of transportation", by G. R. Polgreen; the first use of "maglev" in a United States patent was in "Magnetic levitation guidance system" by Canadian Patents and Development Limited. In 1959, while delayed in traffic on the Throgs Neck Bridge, James Powell, a researcher at Brookhaven National Laboratory, thought of using magnetically levitated transportation. Powell and BNL colleague Gordon Danby worked out a MagLev concept using static magnets mounted on a moving vehicle to induce electrodynamic lifting and stabilizing forces in specially shaped loops, such as figure of 8 coils on a guideway; these were patented in 1968-1969.
Transrapid 05 was the first maglev train with longstator propulsion licensed for passenger transportation. In 1979, a 908 m track was opened in Hamburg for the first International Transportation Exhibition. Interest was sufficient that operations were extended three months after the exhibition finished, having carried more than 50,000 passengers, it was reassembled in Kassel in 1980. In 1979, in the USSR, in the town of Ramenskoye was built an experimental test site for running experiments with cars on magnetic suspension; the test site consisted of a 600-meter ramp, extended to 980 meters. From the late 1970s to the 1980s five prototypes of cars were built that received designations from TP-01 to TP-05; the early cars were supposed to reach the speed up to 100 km/h. The construction of a maglev track using the technology from Ramenskoye started in Armenian SSR in 1987 and was planned to be completed in 1991; the track was supposed to connect the cities of Sevan via the city of Abovyan. The original design speed was 250 km/h, lowered to 180 km/h.
However, the Spitak earthquake in 1988 and the Nagorno-Karabakh war caused the project to freeze. In the end the overpass was only constructed. In the early 1990s, the maglev theme was continued by th
Toyota, Aichi
Toyota is a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of May 2015, the city had an estimated population of 420,076 and a population density of 457 persons per km²; the total area was 918.32 square kilometres. It is located about 35 minutes from Nagoya by way of the Meitetsu Toyota Line. Several of Toyota Motor Corporation's manufacturing plants, including the Tsutsumi plant, are located here; the longstanding ties between the Toyota Motor Corporation and the town of Toyota-shi known as Koromo, gave the town its current name. Toyota is located in north-central Aichi Prefecture, is the largest city in the prefecture in terms of area; the city area is mountainous to the north, with peaks averaging around 1000 meters in height along its northern border with Nagano and Gifu Prefectures. Much of the mountainous northern portion of the city is within the Aichi Kōgen Quasi-National Park; the central and southern portions of the city have agricultural flatlands. Toyota is within a two-hour drive of Nagoya. Aichi Prefecture Anjō Okazaki Kariya Shinshiro Seto Chiryu Nisshin Nagakute Miyoshi Shitara Gifu Prefecture Toki Mizunami Ena Nagano Prefecture Neba The area of present-day Toyota City has been inhabited since prehistoric times, archaeologists have found a continuous record of artifacts from the Japanese paleolithic period onwards.
In early proto-historic times, the area was under the control of the Mononobe clan, who built numerous kofun burial mounds. The local place name "Koromo" is mentioned in other early Japanese documents. During the Edo period, parts of the area of the current city were under the control of Koromo Domain, a feudal han under the Tokugawa shogunate; the village of “Tokugawa”, from which Tokugawa Ieyasu took his clan name, was located within what is now the city of Toyota. After the Meiji restoration, the area was organized into the towns of Asuke and Koromo and numerous villages under Higashikamo District and Nishikamo District; the area was a major producer of silk and prospered from the Meiji period through the Taishō periods. As the demand for raw silk declined in Japan and abroad, Koromo entered a period of gradual decline after 1930; the decline encouraged Kiichiro Toyoda, cousin of Eiji Toyoda, to look for alternatives to the family's automatic loom manufacturing business. The search led to the founding of.
Toyota built the first manufacturing facility, known as Toyota Honsha plant in November 1938, breaking ground in December 1935. On March 1, 1951, Koromo gained city status, absorbed the village of Takahashi from Nishikamo District on September 30, 1956. Due to the fame and economic importance of its major employer, the city of Koromo changed its name to Toyota on January 1, 1959. Toyota became a sister city with Detroit, United States in 1960, it continued to expand by annexing the towns of Kamigo on March 1, 1964, Takaoka on September 1, 1965, Sanage on April 1, 1967, as well as the village of Matsudaira on April 1, 1970. In 1979 the Nagoya Railroad opened the Toyota New Line, in 1988: The Aichi Loop Line was opened, thus improving access to the city via rail transport. Toyota became a Core City in 1998, with increased local autonomy. On March 25, 2005, Expo 2005 opened with its main site in Nagakute and additional activity in Seto and Toyota; the Expo continued until September 25, 2005. On April 1, 2005, Toyota absorbed the town of Fujioka, the village of Obara, the towns of Asuke and Inabu, the village of Shimoyama to create the new and expanded city of Toyota.
Mitsuru Obe and Eric Pfanner of The Wall Street Journal stated that by 2015 Toyota was recovering from an economic depression "so deep that some were comparing it to Detroit." Toyota, as the home city of Toyota Motors is well-served by national highways. However, it is the largest city in Japan, not served by the Japanese National Railways, or its successor, JR Central; the closest Shinkansen station is Mikawa-Anjō Station in the city of Anjō, although the limited-stop Nozomi and Hikari services do not stop there. Meitetsu – Toyota Line Umetsubo – Kamitoyota –Jōsui Meitetsu – Mikawa Line Sanage – Hiratobashi –Koshido –Umetsubo –Toyotashi –Uwagoromo –Tsuchihashi –Takemura – Wakabayashi – Mikawa Yatsuhashi Aichi Loop Railway – Aichi Loop Line Mikawa-Kamigō –Ekaku –Suenohara –Mikawa-Toyota –Shin-Uwagoromo –Shin-Toyota –Aikan-Umetsubo –Shigō –Kaizu –Homi –Sasabara –Yakusa Aichi High-Speed Transit Tōji-shiryōkan-minami –Yakusa Tōmei Expressway New Tōmei Expressway Isewangan Expressway Tōkai-Kanjō Expressway National Route 153 National Route 155 National Route 248 National Route 301 National Route 419 National Route 420 National Route 257 National Route 473 The main headquarters of Toyota is located in a 14-story building in Toyota.
As of 2006 the head office has the "Toyopet" Toyota logo and the words "Toyota Motor". The Toyota Technical Center, a 14-story building, the original Honsha plant, Toyota's first plant engaging in mass production and named the Koromo plant, are adjacent to one another in a location near the headquarters. Vinod Jacob from The Hindu described the main headquarters building as "modest". In 2013 company head Akio Toyoda reported that it had difficulties retaining foreign employees at the headquarters due to the lack of amenities in Toyota. Aichi Gakusen University Aichi Institute of Technology Toyota National
Royal Flora Ratchaphruek
The Royal Flora Ratchaphruek was an international horticultural exposition held 1 November 2006 to 31 January 2007 in the Thai city Chiang Mai of Chiang Mai Province that drew 3,781,624 visitors. Recognised by the Bureau International des Expositions, it was one of the grand celebrations hosted by the Royal Thai Government in honor of King Bhumibol, the world's longest reigning monarch; the Ratchaphruek or golden shower tree is the de facto national flower of Thailand. Its yellow blossoms correspond to the birthday of Bhumibol, it is named "Khun" or "Chaiyaphruek". The event was located on 80 hectares of land at the Royal Agricultural Research Center in the Mae Hia sub-district, Mueang district, Chiang Mai Province in northern Thailand; the 92 days of the expo featured 30 international gardens reflecting nations such as Japan, South Korea, Netherlands, South Africa, Canada. More than 2.5 million trees of 2,200 species of tropical plants and flowers were on display in this exhibition. The Association of International Horticultural Producers, gave this expo A1 status, its highest level.
Such exhibitions occur only once a year throughout the world. In addition, a host country can only hold one such exhibition once a decade; the festival included many highlights to attract tourists: Gardens for the king There were two features in this zone: one was international gardens, which were presented by 30 participating nations and covered 21,000 square meters. Ho Kham Royal Pavilion This building featured Lanna architecture, the architectural style of northern Thailand. Thai Tropical Garden The enormous 100,000-square-meter garden showcased the diversity of tropical horticulture: fruit varieties, flowers and rare plants. Expo Plaza This was the focus of the exposition's fun-filled activities and services. Visitors were able to purchase products from royal projects and authentic local products from Chiang Mai such as handicrafts, paper umbrellas, souvenirs. Cultural shows A total of 45 cultural shows from various regions of Thailand were performed, including traditional music and dance.
In addition, cultural performances from other nations were presented. The Thai government had expected an average of 20,000 visitors per day, with over 100,000 visitors on a crowded day, 3 million visitors in total to attend the Royal Flora Ratchaphruek 2006. At the exposition's conclusion, organizers claimed that the exposition had injected 27 billion baht into the regional economy; the Thai government has proposed transforming the site of the exposition into a permanent training center. Despite some complaints of corruption and substandard facilities, organizers believed the exposition achieved its goals of promoting tourism and developing Thai horticultural industries; the park was open to the public in 2008 with many of the past highlights still much in evidence, including the international exhibits. It is thought; the park receives around 500 visitors a day at the moment Thai. Official website of the BIE
Expo 2005 travel guide from Wikivoyage