Exsurge Domine
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Exsurge Domine is a papal bull that was promulgated on 15 June 1520 by Pope Leo X. It was written in response to Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses, which criticised various practices of the Catholic
Title page of first printed edition of Exsurge Domine. The Latin printed text reads: Bulla contra Errores Martini Lutheri et sequacium (lit. 'Bull against the Errors of Martin Luther and his followers').
Painting of Luther burning the bull by Karl Aspelin
Pope Leo X
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Pope Leo X was head of the Catholic Church and leader of the Papal States from 9 March 1513 to his death in December 1521.
Exsurge Domine
…Exsurge Domine (Latin for 'Arise, O Lord') is a papal bull that was promulgated on 15 June 1520 by Pope Leo X. It was written in response to Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses, which criticised various practices of the Catholic Church. The bull censured forty-one…
Detail of the Portrait of Leo X (c. 1518–1520)
Santa Maria in Domnica
Raphael's Portrait of Leo X with his first cousins, the cardinals Giulio de' Medici (later Pope Clement VII) and Luigi de' Rossi (1518; Uffizi gallery, Florence).
Bulla Contra errores Martini Lutheri of 1521