The Externsteine is a distinctive sandstone rock formation located in the Teutoburg Forest, near the town of Horn-Bad Meinberg in the Lippe district of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The
Externsteine seen from the southwest
Externsteine as seen from the west, across Wiembecke pond
Drawing of the Externsteine relief (from Die Gartenlaube, 1862)
Externsteine (north-eastern face, across Wiembecke pond)
An Irminsul was a sacred, pillar-like object attested as playing an important role in the Germanic paganism of the Saxons. Medieval sources describe how an Irminsul was destroyed by Charlemagne during
Externsteine
…back to an idea proposed to Hermann Hamelmann in 1564, the Externsteine are identified as a sacred site of the pagan Saxons, and the location of the Irminsul idol reportedly destroyed by Charlemagne; there is however no archaeological evidence that would confirm the site's use during the relevant period. The…
The Destruction of Irminsul by Charlemagne by Heinrich Leutemann (1882).
A modern interpretation of the Irminsul, erected 1996 in Harbarnsen-Irmenseul municipality (near Hildesheim in Lower Saxony). The sun cross on the top is based on the coat of arms of the village of Irmenseul.
A late 16th century interpretation of an Irminsul bearing the cult image of a god of war and commerce, from Sebastian Münster's Cosmographia
The image identified as representing Irminsul by Wilhelm Teudt on the Externsteine Descent from the Cross relief, rejected by Bernard Mees and interpreted as an elaborate chair