1.
Frederiksberg
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Frederiksberg is a part of the Capital Region of Denmark. It is formally an independent municipality, Frederiksberg Municipality, but is treated as a part of Copenhagen. It occupies an area of less than 9 km2 and had a population of 103,192 in 2015, Frederiksberg is an enclave surrounded by Copenhagen Municipality and there is no clear border between the two. Some sources ambiguously refer to Frederiksberg as a quarter or neighbourhood of Copenhagen, however, Frederiksberg has its own mayor and municipal council, and is fiercely independent. Frederiksberg is considered to be an affluent, or posh, area, the town is characterised by its many green spaces, such as the Frederiksberg Gardens and Søndermarken. Some institutions and locations that are considered to be part of Copenhagen are actually located in Frederiksberg. For example, Copenhagen Zoo as well as stations of the Copenhagen Metro are located in Frederiksberg. The Copenhagen S-train system also has stations in Frederiksberg, including Peter Bangs Vej station. Frederiksbergs original name was Tulehøj, indicating that a thul lived there, the term is known from the Snoldelev rune stone. In Beowulf, Unferth holds the same title, in Håvamål, Odin himself is referred to as the old thul. Thula translates as song, like in the Rigsthula poem from the Edda, by 1443 the name Tulehøj was spelled Tulleshøy. It was regarded as Copenhagens border to the west, people lived here since the Bronze Age. Farming was not very successful, and in 1697 most of the burned down. This meant that the peasants were unable to pay taxes, in 1700-1703, King Frederik IV built a palace on top of the hill known as Valby Bakke. He named the palace Frederichs Berg, and the town at the foot of the hill consequently changed its name to Frederiksberg. A number of the houses were bought by wealthy citizens of Copenhagen who did not farm the land. The town changed slowly from a community to a merchant town, with craftsmen. During the summer rooms were offered for rent, and restaurants served food to the people of Copenhagen who had left the city for the open land
2.
Copenhagen
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Copenhagen, Danish, København, Latin, Hafnia) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark. Copenhagen has an population of 1,280,371. The Copenhagen metropolitan area has just over 2 million inhabitants, the city is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand, another small portion of the city is located on Amager, and is separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the strait of Øresund. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road, originally a Viking fishing village founded in the 10th century, Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century. Beginning in the 17th century it consolidated its position as a centre of power with its institutions, defences. After suffering from the effects of plague and fire in the 18th century and this included construction of the prestigious district of Frederiksstaden and founding of such cultural institutions as the Royal Theatre and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. Later, following the Second World War, the Finger Plan fostered the development of housing, since the turn of the 21st century, Copenhagen has seen strong urban and cultural development, facilitated by investment in its institutions and infrastructure. The city is the cultural, economic and governmental centre of Denmark, Copenhagens economy has seen rapid developments in the service sector, especially through initiatives in information technology, pharmaceuticals and clean technology. Since the completion of the Øresund Bridge, Copenhagen has become integrated with the Swedish province of Scania and its largest city, Malmö. With a number of connecting the various districts, the cityscape is characterized by parks, promenades. Copenhagen is home to the University of Copenhagen, the Technical University of Denmark, the University of Copenhagen, founded in 1479, is the oldest university in Denmark. Copenhagen is home to the FC København and Brøndby football clubs, the annual Copenhagen Marathon was established in 1980. Copenhagen is one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world, the Copenhagen Metro serves central Copenhagen while the Copenhagen S-train network connects central Copenhagen to its outlying boroughs. Serving roughly 2 million passengers a month, Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup, is the largest airport in the Nordic countries, the name of the city reflects its origin as a harbour and a place of commerce. The original designation, from which the contemporary Danish name derives, was Køpmannæhafn, meaning merchants harbour, the literal English translation would be Chapmans haven. The English name for the city was adapted from its Low German name, the abbreviations Kbh. or Kbhvn are often used in Danish for København, and kbh. for københavnsk. The chemical element hafnium is named for Copenhagen, where it was discovered, the bacterium Hafnia is also named after Copenhagen, Vagn Møller of the State Serum Institute in Copenhagen named it in 1954. Excavations in Pilestræde have also led to the discovery of a well from the late 12th century, the remains of an ancient church, with graves dating to the 11th century, have been unearthed near where Strøget meets Rådhuspladsen
3.
Denmark
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The term Danish Realm refers to the relationship between Denmark proper, the Faroe Islands and Greenland—three countries constituting the Kingdom of Denmark. The legal nature of the Kingdom of Denmark is fundamentally one of a sovereign state. The Faroe Islands and Greenland have been part of the Crown of Denmark since 1397 when the Kalmar Union was ratified, legal matters in The Danish Realm are subject to the Danish Constitution. Beginning in 1953, state law issues within The Danish Realm has been governed by The Unity of the Realm, a less formal name for The Unity of the Realm is the Commonwealth of the Realm. In 1978, The Unity of The Realm was for the first time referred to as rigsfællesskabet. The name caught on and since the 1990s, both The Unity of The Realm and The Danish Realm itself has increasingly been referred to as simply rigsfællesskabet in daily parlance. The Danish Constitution stipulates that the foreign and security interests for all parts of the Danish Realm are the responsibility of the Danish government, the Faroes received home rule in 1948 and Greenland did so in 1979. In 2005, the Faroes received a self-government arrangement, and in 2009 Greenland received self rule, the Danish Realms unique state of internal affairs is acted out in the principle of The Unity of the Realm. This principle is derived from Article 1 of the Danish Constitution which specifies that constitutional law applies equally to all areas of the Danish Realm, the Constitutional Act specifies that sovereignty is to continue to be exclusively with the authorities of the Realm. The language of Denmark is Danish, and the Danish state authorities are based in Denmark, the Kingdom of Denmarks parliament, with its 179 members, is located in the capital, Copenhagen. Two of the members are elected in each of Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The Government ministries are located in Copenhagen, as is the highest court, in principle, the Danish Realm constitutes a unified sovereign state, with equal status between its constituent parts. Devolution differs from federalism in that the powers of the subnational authority ultimately reside in central government. The Self-Government Arrangements devolves political competence and responsibility from the Danish political authorities to the Faroese, the Faroese and Greenlandic authorities administer the tasks taken over from the state, enact legislation in these specific fields and have the economic responsibility for solving these tasks. The Danish government provides a grant to the Faroese and the Greenlandic authorities to cover the costs of these devolved areas. The 1948 Home Rule Act of the Faroe Islands sets out the terms of Faroese home rule, the Act states. the Faroe Islands shall constitute a self-governing community within the State of Denmark. It establishes the government of the Faroe Islands and the Faroese parliament. The Faroe Islands were previously administered as a Danish county, the Home Rule Act abolished the post of Amtmand and these powers were expanded in a 2005 Act, which named the Faroese home government as an equal partner with the Danish government
4.
Christian V of Denmark
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Christian V was king of Denmark and Norway from 1670 until his death in 1699. As king he wanted to show his power as absolute monarch through architecture and he was the first to use the 1671 Throne Chair of Denmark, partly made for this purpose. His motto was, Pietate et Justitia, Christian was elected successor to his father in June 1650. This was not a choice, but de facto automatic hereditary succession. Escorted by his chamberlain Christoffer Parsberg, Christian went on a trip abroad, to Holland, England, France. On this trip, he saw absolutism in its most splendid achievement at the young Louis XIVs court and he returned to Denmark in August 1663. From 1664 he was allowed to attend proceedings of the State College, hereditary succession was made official by Royal Law in 1665. ChristIan was hailed as heir in Copenhagen in August 1665, in Odense and Viborg in September, only a short time before he became king, he was taken into the Council of the Realm and the Supreme Court. He became king upon his fathers death on 9 February 1670 and he was the first hereditary king of Denmark, and in honor of this, Denmark acquired costly new crown jewels and a magnificent new ceremonial sword. The war exhausted Denmarks economic resources without securing any gains, to accommodate non-aristocrats into state service, he created the new noble ranks of count and baron. One of the elevated in this way by the king was Peder Schumacher, named Count Griffenfeld by Christian V in 1670. The results of the war efforts proved politically and financially unremunerative for Denmark, the damage to the Danish economy was extensive. After the Scanian War, his sister, Princess Ulrike Eleonora of Denmark, married the Swedish king Charles XI, Christian V was also often considered dependent on his councillors by contemporary sources. The Danish monarch did nothing to dispel this notion, in his memoirs, he listed hunting, love-making, war and maritime affairs as his main interests in life. Christian V introduced Danske Lov in 1683, the first law code for all of Denmark and it was succeeded by the similar Norske Lov of 1687. He also introduced the land register of 1688, which attempted to out the land value of the united monarchy in order to create a more just taxation. During his reign, science witnessed a golden age due to the work of the astronomer Ole Rømer in spite of the king’s personal lack of scientific knowledge and he died from the after-effects of a hunting accident and was interred in Roskilde Cathedral. Christian V had eight children by his wife and six by his Maîtresse-en-titre, Sophie Amalie Moth, Sophie was the daughter of his former tutor Poul Moth
5.
Falconry
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Falconry is the hunting of wild quarry in its natural state and habitat by means of a trained bird of prey. There are two terms used to describe a person involved in falconry, a falconer flies a falcon. In modern falconry, the hawk, the Harriss hawk. Many contemporary practitioners still use words in their original meaning. In early English falconry literature, the word referred to a female falcon only. A male hawk or falcon was referred to as a tiercel as it was one third less than the female in size. Evidence suggests that the art of falconry may have begun in Mesopotamia, There are also some raptor representations in the northern Altai, western Mongolia. The falcon was a bird of ancient Mongol tribes. There is some disagreement about whether such early accounts document the practice of falconry or are misinterpreted depictions of humans with birds of prey, during the Turkic Period of Central Asia, concrete figures of falconer on horseback were described on the rocks in Kyrgyz. Falconry was probably introduced to Europe around AD400, when the Huns and Alans invaded from the East, Frederick II of Hohenstaufen is generally acknowledged as the most significant wellspring of traditional falconry knowledge. He is believed to have obtained firsthand knowledge of Arabic falconry during wars in the region and he obtained a copy of Moamyns manual on falconry and had it translated into Latin by Theodore of Antioch. Frederick II himself made corrections to the translation in 1241 resulting in De Scientia Venandi per Aves, King Frederick II is most recognized for his falconry treatise, De arte venandi cum avibus. Written himself toward the end of his life, it is accepted as the first comprehensive book of falconry. De arte venandi cum avibus incorporated a diversity of traditions from east to west. Historically, falconry was a sport and status symbol among the nobles of medieval Europe, the Middle East. Many historical illustrations left in Rashid al Dins Compendium chronicles book described falconry of the centuries with Mongol images. Falconry was largely restricted to the classes due to the prerequisite commitment of time, money. In art and in aspects of culture such as literature
6.
Peregrine falcon
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The peregrine falcon, also known as the peregrine, and historically as the duck hawk in North America, is a widespread bird of prey in the family Falconidae. A large, crow-sized falcon, it has a back, barred white underparts. As is typical of bird-eating raptors, peregrine falcons are sexually dimorphic, the peregrine is renowned for its speed, reaching over 320 km/h during its characteristic hunting stoop, making it the fastest member of the animal kingdom. According to a National Geographic TV programme, the highest measured speed of a falcon is 389 km/h. The peregrines breeding range includes land regions from the Arctic tundra to the tropics and this makes it the worlds most widespread raptor and one of the most widely found bird species. Both the English and scientific names of this species mean wandering falcon, the two species divergence is relatively recent, during the time of the last ice age, therefore the genetic differential between them is relatively small. It has been determined that they are only approximately 0. 6–0. 8% genetically differentiated, while its diet consists almost exclusively of medium-sized birds, the peregrine will occasionally hunt small mammals, small reptiles, or even insects. Reaching sexual maturity at one year, it mates for life and nests in a scrape, normally on cliff edges or, in recent times, the peregrine falcon became an endangered species in many areas because of the widespread use of certain pesticides, especially DDT. Since the ban on DDT from the early 1970s, populations have recovered, supported by large-scale protection of nesting places and releases to the wild. The peregrine falcon is a well respected falconry bird due to its hunting ability, high trainability, versatility. It is effective on most game species from small to large. The peregrine falcon has a length of 34 to 58 cm. Males weigh 330 to 1,000 g and the larger females weigh 700 to 1,500 g. In most subspecies, males less than 700 g and females weigh more than 800 g. The standard linear measurements of peregrines are, the wing chord measures 26.5 to 39 cm, the tail measures 13 to 19 cm and the tarsus measures 4.5 to 5.6 cm. The back and the long pointed wings of the adult are usually black to slate grey with indistinct darker barring. The white to rusty underparts are barred with thin bands of dark brown or black. The tail, coloured like the back but with thin clean bars, is long, narrow, and rounded at the end with a black tip and a white band at the very end
7.
Iceland
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Iceland is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean. It has a population of 332,529 and an area of 103,000 km2, the capital and largest city is Reykjavík. Reykjavík and the areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active, the interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence still keeps summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate. According to the ancient manuscript Landnámabók, the settlement of Iceland began in the year 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island. In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, the island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the worlds oldest functioning legislative assemblies. Following a period of strife, Iceland acceded to Norwegian rule in the 13th century. The establishment of the Kalmar Union in 1397 united the kingdoms of Norway, Denmark, Iceland thus followed Norways integration to that Union and came under Danish rule after Swedens secession from that union in 1523. In the wake of the French revolution and the Napoleonic wars, Icelands struggle for independence took form and culminated in independence in 1918, until the 20th century, Iceland relied largely on subsistence fishing and agriculture, and was among the poorest in Europe. Industrialisation of the fisheries and Marshall Plan aid following World War II brought prosperity, in 1994, it became a part of the European Economic Area, which further diversified the economy into sectors such as finance, biotechnology, and manufacturing. Iceland has an economy with relatively low taxes compared to other OECD countries. It maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides health care. Iceland ranks high in economic, political and social stability and equality, in 2013, it was ranked as the 13th most-developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index. Iceland runs almost completely on renewable energy, some bankers were jailed, and the economy has made a significant recovery, in large part due to a surge in tourism. Icelandic culture is founded upon the nations Scandinavian heritage, most Icelanders are descendants of Germanic and Gaelic settlers. Icelandic, a North Germanic language, is descended from Old Norse and is related to Faroese
8.
Copenhagen Castle
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Copenhagen Castle was a castle on Slotsholmen in Copenhagen, Denmark, built in the late 14th century at the site of the current Christiansborg Palace. The castle had a wall and was surrounded by a moat and with a large. The castle was still the property of the Bishop of Roskilde until King Eric of Pomerania usurped the rights to the castle in 1417, from then on the castle in Copenhagen was occupied by the king. The castle was several times. King Christian IV, for example, added a spire to the entrance tower. In the 1720s, Frederik IV entirely rebuilt the castle, but it became so heavy that the walls began to give way and to crack. It became therefore evident to Christian VI, Frederik IVs successor, immediately after his accession to the throne in 1730, the demolition of the overextended and antiquated Copenhagen Castle was commenced in 1731 to make room for the first Christiansborg Palace
9.
Heinrich Gustav Ferdinand Holm
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Heinrich Gustav Ferdinand Holm, often referred to as H. G. F. Holm, was a Danish artist and engraver who is remembered for his finely detailed topographical paintings and drawings of Copenhagen, Holm initially followed in the footsteps of his father as an engraver and illustrator. He had almost certainly been a pupil of C. J. Thomsen who insisted on accuracy and detail, as a result, Holm quickly became a master of his genre, not only as an illustrator but in the difficult technique of watercolour painting. He began to specialize in illustrating prospectuses, often sketching areas and buildings of interest before making multiple copies at home and he sometimes produced skeleton drawings which he later coloured with watercolour. In addition, he produced a series of works covering the surrounding countryside, many of his plates appeared in magazines such as Magazin for Ungdommen, its successor Cosmorama, and Nyt Magazin for Natur og Menneskekundskab. He also illustrated prospectuses for the Royal Procelain Factory, especially in regard to designs for tea, despite Holms high rate of productivity, he constantly suffered from lack of money, which frequently drove him to drink. The resulting vicious circle encouraged him to sell his works at low prices which explains how he was given the nickname, Holms many small works continue to be of considerable value. In addition, thanks to their technical quality and his sense of colour
10.
Fortifications of Copenhagen (17th century)
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The fortifications of Copenhagen underwent a comprehensive modernization and expansion in the 17th century. The project was commenced and was largely the masterplan of Christian IV in the early 17th century but was continued and completed by his successors, the ring fortification consisted of four bastioned ramparts and an annexed citadel as well as various outworks. Today only the Christianshavn Rampart and the citadel Kastellet remain intact, Christian IVs modernization of the fortifications of Copenhagen commenced in 1606 and would take 20 years to complete. The course of the fortifications was kept but Slotsholmen was now incorporated into the complex. A large bastion in masonry was constructed on its southwestern tip, in the same time, Østervold was taken around parts of Bremerholm to meet the sea. A total of 12 bastions were constructed and just outside the entire fortification a moat was dug, due to topographical variations in the terrain, it was constructed as a series of basins, separated by dams, to solve the problem of variations in the terrain. The uppermost basin was fed by water from Peblingesøen, the Western and Northern City Gates were also renovated and given tall spires and a new Eastern City Gate was built. From 1618-23 Christianshavn was laid out and incorporated as a market town. Strategically situated in the middle of a shallow-watered, marshy area north of Amager, the rampart was constructed with four and a half bastions and a gate, known as Amager Gate. To guard the entrance to the port, a blockhouse was constructed on the shallow-watered Refshaleø in 1624. On the Zealand side of the harbour, north of the city and this work was begun in 1627. As part of his aspirations to strengthen Copenhagen as a regional centre, as early as 1606, when his modernization of the fortifications began, he had purchased 200 hectares of land outside the Eastern City Gate. His intention was to redevelop this area into a new district referred to as Ny København or Sankt Annæ By, the plan was to change the course of Østervold, which at that time made a bend and ran along what is today Gothersgade and Kongens Nytorv. The new Østervold would be an extension of Nørrevold, connecting it to Sankt Annæ Skanse. However, the 1630s was a time of crisis and both Sankt Annæ Skanse and the new course of Østervold was delayed with no major work going on during that decade. After both Jutland and Scania had been occupied by forces in the first half of the 1640s. The new Østervold was constructed and a new project for the fortress at Sankt Annæ Skanse, in 1840 Christian VIII appointed a national defense commission which two years later recommended that the existing fortifications be decommissioned. At the outbreak of the First Schleswig War in 1848, nothing had happened, in 1852, the Line of Demarcation was partially disabandoned but work to maintain and improve the ramparts were carried out as late as 1856-57
11.
Falkoner Center
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Falkoner Centre is a hotel and conference complex located in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It mainly consists of Radisson Blu Falconer Hotel & Conference Centre and it has two venues which play host to both conferences such as concerts and shows. The corner of Falkoner Allé and Howitzvej where the complex now stands, was previously the site of Frederiksbergs first town hall which was built there in 1886. The new centre was built between 1958 and 1959 to a Modernist design by Ole Hagen and it was the tallest building of Danemark from 1958 to 1960, when it was surpassed by the Radisson Blu Royal Hotel. It was the site of the last concert by Judy Garland on March 25,1969 with opening act by singer Johnnie Ray and it was renovated in 1987 and given a new stainless steel cladding. The hotel was owned by SAS but changed hands in connection with the companys sale of its hotel activities to Radisson Blu. The larger one, Falkonersalen, with a capacity of some 2,000 people, is used for conferences. Falkoner Teatret was a popular venue for concerts during the 1970s and 1980s. The smaller one, Falkonerscenen, was originally a cinema but is now used for activities such as concerts and theatrical performances. The four-starred Radison Blu Falkoner Hotel has 140 rooms,26 suites, Radison Blu Hotel & Conference Center
12.
Frederiksberg Gymnasium
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Frederiksberg Gymnasium is an upper secondary school in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen, Denmark. Its current building, located just off Falkoner Allé, was inaugurated in 2004 to a design by Henning Larsen Architects, originally a private boys school, the school was founded in 1879 as Villakvarterets Forberedelses- og Realskole. Already the next year changed its name to Frederiksberg Latin- og Realskole, Frederiksberg Municipality took over the school in 1917 and in 1946 it was opened to female students. The school moved to Niels Ebbesens Vej and in 2004 it moved into its current building at Falkoner Plads, the school is located at an urban space which was created as part of the Citys plan for the area around Frederiksberg Metro Station. Fifty metres wide and three tall, the glazed front opens to the schools assembly hall from where wide staircases give access to the basement. The two top floors offer a teaching environment with a mixture of open and more closed rooms and visual contact across corridors. There are terraces facing the interior courtyard, the basement contains gyms and flex rooms
13.
Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)
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Maria Feodorovna, christened Dagmar, was a Danish princess and Empress of Russia as spouse of Tsar Alexander III. She was the daughter of King Christian IX of Denmark and Louise of Hesse-Cassel, her siblings included Alexandra, King Frederick VIII of Denmark. Her eldest son became the last Russian monarch, Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, Princess Marie Sophie Frederikke Dagmar was born at the Yellow Palace in Copenhagen. Her father was Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, a member of a relatively impoverished princely cadet line and her mother was Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel. She was baptised into the Lutheran faith and named after her kinswoman Marie Sophie of Hesse-Kassel, Queen Dowager of Denmark as well as the medieval Danish queen, growing up, she was known by the name Dagmar. Most of her life, she was known as Maria Feodorovna and she was known within her family as Minnie. In 1852 Dagmars father became heir-presumptive to the throne of Denmark, in 1853, he was given the title Prince of Denmark and he and his family were given an official summer residence, Bernstorff Palace. Dagmars father became King of Denmark in 1863 upon the death of King Frederick VII, due to the brilliant marital alliances of his children, he became known as the Father-in-law of Europe. Dagmars eldest brother would succeed his father as King Frederick VIII of Denmark and her elder, and favourite, sister, Alexandra married Albert Edward, the Prince of Wales in March 1863. Within months of Alexandras marriage, Dagmars second older brother, Wilhelm, was elected as King George I of the Hellenes and her younger sister was Thyra, Duchess of Cumberland. She also had younger brother, Valdemar. In 1864, Nicholas, or Nixa as he was known in his family, on 22 April 1865 he died from meningitis. His last wish was that Dagmar would marry his younger brother, Dagmar was distraught after her young fiancés death. She was so heartbroken when she returned to her homeland that her relatives were seriously worried about her health and she had already become emotionally attached to Russia and often thought of the huge, remote country that was to have been her home. The disaster had brought her close to Nixas parents. He told Dagmar in very affectionate terms that he hoped she would still consider herself a member of their family, in June 1866, while on a visit to Copenhagen, the Tsarevich Alexander asked Dagmar for her hand. They had been in her room looking over photographs together, Dagmar left Copenhagen on 1 September 1866. Hans Christian Andersen, who had occasionally been invited to tell stories to Dagmar, the writer remarked in his diary, Yesterday, at the quay, while passing me by, she stopped and took me by the hand
14.
Frederiksberg Municipality
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Frederiksberg Kommune is a municipality on the island of Zealand in Denmark. Part of Copenhagen, it is surrounded by Copenhagen Municipality and its mayor is Jørgen Glenthøj from the Conservative Peoples Party. The city of Frederiksberg is the town in the municipality. Frederiksberg is located as an enclave within the municipality of Copenhagen, the municipality was originally situated west of Copenhagen, but after a number of smaller municipalities were merged with Copenhagen in 1901, it became completely surrounded by Copenhagen. Frederiksberg was one of the three last Danish municipalities not belonging to a County—the others being Copenhagen and Bornholm, on 1 January 2007, the municipality lost its county privileges and became part of Region Hovedstaden. Frederiksberg municipality was not merged with other municipalities as the result of nationwide Kommunalreformen
15.
Diakonissestiftelsen
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Diakonissestiftelsen was founded in 1866 at the initiative of Crown Princess Louise, consort of the later king Christian IX. A building in Smallegade near their current site, contained a small hospital and their current site was inaugurated in 1876. Their hospital in Smallegade closed in 1880, the Deaconesses premises comprise 33,000 square meters of buildings on a four hectares of land. The original main building is a long three-winged which runs along Peter Bange Vej. It was designed by Hans Jørgen Holm in a Neo-Gothic style inspired by medieval monasteries, the complex has later been expanded by Gotfred Tvede and Harald Gad. To the rear of the complex, facing the garden, is a couple of wash houses. Other buildings in the grounds include Søster Sophies Minde, located on Sønder Fasanvej and it was built in the 1950s to provide residences for retired Deaconess sisters. Diakonissestiftelsen also owns the house Marthabo on the side of Peter Bangsvej which houses a kindergarten. The building is from 1885 and was designed by C, a masterplan competition for the area was settled in April 2012 with two interdisciplinary teams led by Tegnestuen Vandkunsten and Cubo Arkitekter as joint winners. A competition for the expansion and adaption of Aøster Sofies Minde was won by Arkitema in December 2013, Official website for Diakonissestiftelsen Official website for the redevelopment project
16.
Flintholm
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Flintholm is a modern neighbourhood in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen, Denmark. Located just south of Flintholm station, on the border with Vanløse, the neighborhood covers an area of about 10 hectares and consists of a mixture of housing, offices, retail and several minor green spaces. The only surviving building from the gasworks, The Yellow Villa and it was named after Jacob Nielsen Flindt, a farmer, who acquired the property in the 1790s. The area remained open countryside until the 1890s when it was acquired by the City and designated for municipal utility, frederiksbergs second gasworks opened at 76 Finsensvej in 1895 and was in 1908 joined by Finsen Power Station down the road. Flintholm House was adapted for use as an infectious decease hospital and it consisted of 12 beds in the house and 40 beds in two tent wings. It was in use in 1917, when Frederiksberg was hit by an outbreak of scarlet fever, up through the century, Frederiksberg Gasworks saw several expansions, especially in the years after World War II, before it was closed down in 1964. The new streets and spaces that were created were named for Danish revue artists, such as Preben Kaas, Dirch Passer, Elga Olga, Kjeld Petersen, Marguerite Viby. The area is also known as Revykvarteret, literally The Revue Quarter. The only surviving building from the gasworks is a known as the Yellow House. It is now used as a cultural centre. Flintholm Church is not located within the area but further south at Peter Bangs Vej, nCCs Flintholm Company House was designed by Vilhelm Lauritzen Architects and is located next to Flintholm Station. It contains 21,000 square metres of space and 3m000 square metres for retail. KPMG inaugurated their new Danish head office in the area in 2011 and their building was designed by 3XN and has room for 1,700 employees. Flintholm station is an important hub for transport, serving both the Frederikssund and Ringlines of the S-train network and the M1 and M2 lines of the Copenhagen Metro, white Houses, Frederiksberg Den Gule Villa
17.
White Houses, Frederiksberg
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The White Houses in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen, Denmark, are a building society development originally built for workers at Frederiksberg Gasworks. It is located at Peter Bangs Vej, near Frederiksberg Gardens, the first gasworks in Frederiksberg opened in 1860 and was located at H. C. When the installation of gas in homes became common in the 1890s, it was decided to build a new plant at Flintholm. Frederiksberg Gasworks Workers Building Society was founded in 1898 after an act adopted earlier that year provided for loans for the construction of workers housing. The building society acquired a 4.5 hectare site at Peter Bangs Vej, the architects Gotfred Tvede and Olaf Schmidth were charged with the design of the houses which were built in 1788 and 1900. The development contained 194 dwellings as well as a building with retail space, Frederiksberg Workers Building Society was dissolved in 1922 when the apartments were converted into private ownership. The development consists of 45 semi-detached houses and seven detached houses, the design is based on a cubic volume where the length, width and height of roof ridge all measure 8.46 m. The semi-detached houses consist of two cubes put together, Gotfred Tvede and Olaf Schmidth created seven different designs for variation. The buildings are designed in a Neo-Baroque style locally known as palæstil, inspired by 18th-century Rococo mansions, common features are white-dressed facades, Mansard roofs with red tiles, gable dormers and small paned windows. The house owners are now organized in Vejlauget FAB, the houses are located on Peter Bangs Vej, Jyllandsvej, Kronprinsensvej, Folkets Allé, Frihedsvej, Lighedsvej and Broderskabsvej. Ida Auken, politician Eberts Villaby Lyset Official website Interactive map of the development Original renderings
18.
Smallegade
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Smallegade is a busy shopping street in the central part of Frederiksberg in Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from the Town Hall Square in the east to Fasanvej in the west, along the side of Frederiksberg Town Hall and Frederiksberg Park. It is believed that Bredegade was the street of Solbjerg. Smallegade was also one of the original Dutch streets but more open than Bredegade, a brickyard was found at the far end of Smallegade until the 17th century. The Brickyard House survived until 1890 when it was demolished, on a neighbouring site, Nobel opened a tobacco Factory in 1860. Eight years later that site was taken over by the faience manufactury Aluminia and they build a large factory complex where they were joined by the Royal Porcelain Manufactury in 184. Before the Town Hall was built in the 1940s, its site was home to a neighbourhood with some 30 houses of which dated from the 18th century. The most distinctive building in Smallegade is Møstings Hus which is located on the side of a small pond. The house was built in 1800 and for 27 years served as residence for J. S. It was originally located on site in Smallegade but dismantled in 1959. It is now used as an exhibition space, Bredegade boasts some other examples of 18th century country houses. No.11 was built in the 1790s and was for a while owned by Prime Minister P. G, ot is today used by the Municipality. No.13 was built in 1805 by master carpenter Boye Junge, the widow after Carl Hassager, a pastor converted into a hall of residence for ten students in 1897. Royal Copenhagen retired their production site in 2004, Copenhagen Ceramics at No.46 is an exhibition space dedicated to temporary exhibitions of Danish ceramic art. It was opened by a group of artists in 2012 and is located in an away from the street. Frederiksberg Allé Copenhagen Ceramics Møstings Hus
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Frederiksberg Runddel
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Frederiksberg Runddel is a space in front of the main entrance to Frederiksberg Gardens, at the end of Frederiksberg Allé, in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen, Denmark. Nicolai Eigtved converted the south wing to an orangerie in 1744, after the main wing burnt down in 1753, it was not rebuilt, but instead the main entrance to Frederiksberg Have was established in 1755 between the two surviving wings. The entrance gate to Frederiksberg Gardens was built in 1755 after the two years earlier. It was designed by Lauritz de Thurah who had become general master builder after Eigtveds death, the vases at the top of the two sandstone pillars were executed by the sculptor Johann Friedrich Hännel. The Storm P. Museum, located on the corner of Pile Allé, is dedicated to the Danish humorist, cartoonist, painter and actor, Robert Storm Petersen, who is popularly known as Storm P. Originally the local station, this building from 1886 later served as the office of the local burials administration before it was converted into a museum. The Horticultural Societys Garden was originally located further down Frederiksberg Allé, before that, the site was part of the palace gardens nursery and vegetable gardens. Due to its peaceful and picturesque setting, the space is used for various events or fairs. In winter, it features an open-air ice-skating rink, sankt Thomas Plads Historic pictures of Frederiksberg Runddel
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Gammel Kongevej
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Gammel Kongevej is the principal shopping street of Frederiksberg in Copenhagen, Denmark. In the opposite end, Jernbanegade connects it to Copenhagen City Hall Square, Gammel Kongevej is one of the oldest road sections in Frederiksberg, originally providing a direct connection between Copenhagens Western City Gate and the village of Solbjerg. From there the it continued past the Damhus Lake towards Roskilde, giving rise to the name Roskildegaden, the road was improved by Christian IV in the 1620s. The name Kongevejen emerged about a generation later when it became the road to Ny Amager, as Frederiksberg was then called. The name of the changed to Gammel Kongevej after a new Route de Roie, Frederiksberg Allé. A number of new houses were built along the rad. P. Andersen opened the Svanholm Brewery at No.64 in 1853 and it was merged with several other breweries to form The United Breweries in 1891 and most of its buildings were replaced by a machine factory and iron factory. Part of the site was cleared in 1904–05 to make way for the new street Prinsesse Maries Allé, the rest of the industrial plant was replaced by the cinema complex Kinopalæet in 1918. Gammel Kongevej mainly catered to the upper middle classes. The area next to the foundry was home to a small working-class neighbourhood with an infamous reputation. In the 1950s, Jørn Utzon, architect of the Sydney Opera House and it consisted of tower blocks in a green space inspired by Japanese gardens. Dating from the 1850s, No.78 is one of the oldest apartment buildings along the street and it has a small front garden and a fence towards the street. The Catholic school Ansgarstiftelsen at No.15 is decorated with a mural byNiels Macholm mural, Just off Gammel Kongevej, Ørsteds Vej and Bülowsvej, is a small enclave which has been described as Denmarks first urban neighbourhood of single-family detached homes. It consists of the side streets Uraniavej and Lindevej, the area around Sankt Jørgens Sø is home to a cluster of modern buildings which include the Tycho Brahe Planetarium and two highrises, Copenhagen Scandic Hotel and the 18-storey Codan Building
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Fasanvej
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Søndre Fasanvej begins at Valby Langgade and continues along the western margin of Søndermarken and Frederiksberg Gardens to Smallegade, passing Roskildevej on the way. It then continues as Nordre Fasanvej, passing several major arteries, including Nylandsvej, Godthåbsvej, Borups Allé and Hillerødgade, the oldest part of Søndre Fasanvej, north of Roskildevej, was established in 1682 as an access road to the royal pheasantry behind Frederiksberg Gardens. The road was extended northwards to Smallegade. The southern part of present day Søndre Fasanvej, between Valby Langgade and Roskildevej, was created in about 1870 as a driveway to a cluster of nuerseries. It was first known as Bag Søndermarken but was incorporated in Søndre Fasanvej in about 1900, Nordre Fasanvej was established between 1883 and 1908 as a direct extension of Søndre Fasanvej as the old part of the street was now called. A new Frederiksberg Hospital was built at the street in 1903, the west side of Søndre Fasanvej, opposite the big parks, is dominated by areas of Single-family detached home, apartment buildings from the 1880s. Diakonissestiftelsens development, located on the corner with Peter Bangs Vej, the main entrance to Frederiksberg Hospital is located at No.57. Its gatehouse is built in the Neo-Baroque style, Nordre Fasanvej is home to some early examples of Functionalist architecture. The Green Funkis Building at No.78 was built in 1932 to designs by Hans Dahlerup-Berthelsen, the company Novozymes has a factory at the Nørrebro end of Nordre Fasanvej. The oldest part of the complex is an old dairy where the production started. It was later expanded by Arne Jacobsen in 1934 and again in 1962, the underground Fasanvej Station is located at the southern end of Nordre Fasanvej. It serves the M1 and M2 lines of the Copenhagen Metro, Nørrebro station is located at Frederikssundsvej at the northern end of the street. It serves the Ring Line of the S-train network
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Roskildevej
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Roskildevej is a road between Copenhagen and Roskilde in the Danish capital area. The section between Hedehusene and Roskilde is now known as Københavnsvej and in Hedehusene and Glostrup it is known as Hovedgaden. The section from Aalholm Plads in Copenhagen to The Eastern Ring Road in Roskilde is known as Secondary Route 156 and is 24 km long, the total distance from Copenhagen City Hall Square to Algade in Roskilde is about 31 km. The road was constructed as a replacement for the old Via Regia between Copenhagen and Roskilde, construction began at the Roskilde end in 1770 and was completed in Copenhagen in 1776. The project was led by the French road engineer Jean Marmillod who had called to Copenhagen by Prime Minister Count Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff in 1753 to improve the road. Glostrup and Hedehusene remained the towns along the road until the 1960s. In Frederiksberg, Roskildevej passes Frederiksberg Palace and Copenhagen Zoo where the Zoo Tower is visible from the road, at Pelargonievej, there is a neighbourhood of single family detached housing which dates from the 1890s. In Taastrup, the National Romantic Taastrup Water Tower from 1908 in visible from the road and it is now open to the public as a watchtower
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Sankt Thomas Plads
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Sankt Thomas Plads is a round plaza located on Frederiksberg Allé, near its eastern end in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen, Denmark. For long the small plaza had no name but it became Colloquially known as the Small Circle as opposed to Frederiksberg Runddel. Later, after a house at the site had been renamed Sankt Thomas by a new owner. The country house was demolished in 1903 but its name was transferred to the building which was built in its place in 1905. The name was adopted on 2 June 2003. Sankt Thomas has had its round shape ever since its establishment in the beginning of the 18th century and its current design dates mostly from a refurbishment which took place in 1932 in connection with the 75-year anniversary of Frederiksberg Municipality. The refurbishment also saw the installation of two designed by the architect A. S. K. They bear various inscriptions which commemorate the history of Frederiksbeerg and are topped by a bronze figure designed by the Hungarian-born sculptor Jenö Meister. One depicts a Dutch woman, representing the Dutch farmers who were relocated to the area from Amager by King Frederick II in the middle of the 17th century. The other depicts a falconer to commemorate Falkonergården, the royal farm which was in use until 1810 and is also heralded in the three falcons seen in Frederiksbergs coat of arms
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Frederiksberg Gardens
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Frederiksberg Gardens is one of the largest and most attractive greenspaces in Copenhagen, Denmark. Together with the adjacent Søndermarken it forms an area of 64 hectares at the western edge of Inner Copenhagen. It is a landscape garden designed in the English style. Frederiksberg Gardens was established by King Frederik IV in connection with the construction of Frederiksberg Palace as his new summer retreat on high grounds atop Valby Hill. Work on the began in the last half of the 1690s with inspiration from Italy and France which Frederick. He commissioned the eminent Swedish architect Nicodemus Tessin to draw a proposal and the plan was subsequently made by Hans Heinrich Scheel. The plan involved a parterre with a system of cascades on the sloping terrain in front of the new palace. It was fed by a complicated but inefficient system of pumps which never came to work properly. In the end, Johan Cornelius Krieger, who was at the time working on an extension and adaption of Fredensborg Palace. Unusually of the time, he gave up the parterre completely, in the 1790s, as fashion changed, the park was adapted into an English landscape garden. P. Petersen created a new plan in 1795. He created a typical English-style landscape garden with winding lawns, lakes, canals and spinneys as well as grottos, temples, pavilions, the final result may well have been based on Johan Ludwig Mansas book on English-style gardening written in 1798. Frederik VI was particularly fond of the garden, from 1804, he sailed the canals in a gondola. Not until 1865 did access to the park become unrestricted, in line with what was the case elsewhere in the city, smørrebrødsplænen, on the corner of Toskildevej and Pile Allé, where K. B. s tennis halls are today, became a popular picnic destination. Frederiksberg Gardens is an English-style Romantic landscape garden with winding paths, canals, lakes, small islands, a large variety of plants and birds can be seen, including mute swans, greylag geese, mallards, grey herons, and Canada geese. Typically of the landscape garden, the park houses two follies, waterfalls, grottos and other garden features. The gate was designed by Lauritz de Thurah who had become general master builder after Eigtveds death, the vases at the top of the two sandstone pillars were executed by the sculptor Johann Friedrich Hännel. The gate opens to a path which passes between two long, yellow buildings with white details and they are the two surviving wings of the Princes House
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Royal Danish Horticultural Society's Garden
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It is situated on Frederiksberg Runddel, just left of the main entrance to Frederiksberg Gardens. The Royal Danish Horticultural Societys first garden was located further down Frederiksberg Allë, in 1882 it moved to its current location, on land which used to be part of Frederiksberg Palaces nursery and vegetable garden. The former palace gardens had just opened to the public after a century as the domain of the Danish royal family. Over the years, different areas have gradually restored and redesigned by some of the leading Danish landscape architects of their day. From 2001 to 2010 Jane Schul was director and principal architect of the garden and he has designed a section dedicated to different grasses, a water garden and a perennials garden. Brøndsalen is from 1885 and was built around a well where members of the local bourgeoisie came to water with supposed healing properties before taking a stroll in the gardens. The water was thought to be good for health as well as for the digestion and this activity took place from 5 to 9 pm and afterwards the building was at the disposal of the Society. The building was designed by Peter Christian Bønecke and he had previously designed J. C. Paradehuset is one of the oldest greenhouses in the Copenhagen and traces its history back to the time when the area was part of the palace gardens. When the Horticultural Society took over the site in 1882, one of the palaces old wineries was converted into a paradehus, a place for the exhibition of its many fine greenhouse plants. The building was modelled on the conservatories at Rosenborg Castles vegetable gardens, with a glass facade and roof facing south. Later the roof under the side has been replaced and the entrance re-constructed. In 2008 the chefs Jakob Mielcke Hansen and Jan Hurtigkarl opened the experimental gourmet restaurant Mielcke & Hurtigkarl in a listed 19th century building inside the gardens, the designers Henrik Vibskov, Margrethe Odgaard and others has created the avantgardistic interior design. Contrary to the trend in Danish gourmet cuisine, the restaurant is known for its innovative use of exotic ingredients from around the world. It offers an eight course avant garde menu and a four course menu and has received acclaim from Danish food critics. The restaurant has also hosted events with music and free food in the gardens. The garden is open to all day seven days a week. The Well Hall still plays host to a line of activities, including a popular, annual Christmas market
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