In linguistics, a false friend is a word in a different language that looks or sounds similar to a word in a given language, but differs significantly in meaning. Examples of false friends include English embarrassed and Spanish embarazado 'pregnant'; English parents versus Portuguese parentes and Italian parenti ; English demand and French demander 'ask'; and English gift, German Gift 'poison', and Norwegian gift 'married'.
An example of a West Slavic shared etymology; in Czech and Slovak čerstvé pečivo means 'fresh bread', whereas in Polish czerstwe pieczywo means 'stale bread', while in Ukrainian черстве печиво (čerstve pečyvo) means 'hardened cookie (bakery)', while in Russian chyorstvy means "stale" again
A loanword is a word at least partly assimilated from one language into another language, through the process of borrowing. Borrowing is a metaphorical term that is well established in the linguistic field despite its acknowledged descriptive flaws: nothing is taken away from the donor language and there is no expectation of returning anything.
Tofu is an English loanword from Japanese word Tōfu, in which it is itself a loanword from the Chinese word dòufu.
Backgammon and Dominos numbers in Ottoman Turkish, 1907 (see Tables game#Languages)
