Falsifiability
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Falsifiability is a standard of evaluation of scientific statements, including theories and hypotheses. A statement is falsifiable if it belongs to a language or logical structure capable of describin
Here are two black swans, but even with no black swans, "All swans are white" would still be shown falsifiable by "Here is a black swan"—it would still be a valid observation statement in the empirical language, even if empirically false.
Clyde Cowan conducting the neutrino experiment (1956)
A black-bodied and white-bodied peppered moth
Guido Reni Michael Defeats Satan
The Logic of Scientific Discovery is a 1959 book about the philosophy of science by the philosopher Karl Popper. Popper rewrote his book in English from the 1934 German original, titled Logik der Fors
Falsifiability
…theoretically exclude some observations, that is, it must make formal predictions. It was introduced by the philosopher of science Karl Popper in his book The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1934). Popper emphasized that the contradiction is to be found in the logical structure alone, without having to worry about methodological considerations…
Cover of the first edition