Ferdinand VII
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Ferdinand VII was King of Spain and the Indies during the early 19th century, and king of the Spains during the Spanish liberal period. He reigned as a prisoner of Napoleon, in absentia, or without ef
Portrait by Vicente López Portaña, c. 1814–15
Young Ferdinand as Prince of Asturias, 1800
Portrait of Ferdinand VII of Spain in his robes of state by Francisco Goya (1815), Prado
Equestrian portrait of Ferdinand by José de Madrazo y Agudo, 1821
Joseph Bonaparte
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Joseph Bonaparte, regnal name José I, was a French statesman, lawyer, diplomat and older brother of Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1806, Napoleon made him King of Naples, and then King of Spain and the Indies
Ferdinand VII
…lack of interest in Spanish affairs. While the upper echelons of the Spanish government accepted his abdication and Napoleon's choice of his brother Joseph Bonaparte as king of Spain, the Spanish people did not. Uprisings broke out throughout the country, marking the beginning of the Peninsular War. Provincial juntas…
Portrait of Joseph Bonaparte (1808)
Portrait of Joseph Bonaparte, King of Naples by Jean-Baptiste Wicar
Julie Clary, Queen of Naples, with her daughter Zenaïde Bonaparte in 1807, by Robert Lefèvre
Portrait by Joseph Flaugier, c. 1809