Ferdinand VII
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Ferdinand VII was King of Spain during the early 19th century. He reigned briefly in 1808 and then again from 1813 to his death in 1833. Before 1813, he was known as el Deseado, and after, as el Rey F
Portrait by Vicente López Portaña, c. 1814–15
Young Ferdinand as Prince of Asturias, 1800
Portrait of Ferdinand VII of Spain in his robes of state by Francisco Goya (1815), Prado
Equestrian portrait of Ferdinand by José de Madrazo y Agudo, 1821
The "Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis" was the popular name for a French army mobilized in 1823 by the Bourbon King of France, Louis XVIII, to help the Spanish Bourbon royalists restore King Ferdi
Attack and capture of the entrenchments in front of La Coruña by Bourke's division, 15 July 1823 by Hippolyte Lecomte, 1828
Louis Antoine d'Artois, Duke of Angoulême (1775–1844), son of the future Charles X of France, fought on behalf of Louis XVIII during the French intervention in the Spanish Civil War.
The Duke of Angoulême at the Taking of Trocadero by Paul Delaroche, 1828.
Painting by Carle Vernet depicting the successful French siege of Pamplona