A fireless locomotive is a type of locomotive which uses reciprocating engines powered from a reservoir of compressed air or steam, which is filled at intervals from an external source. They offer advantages over conventional steam locomotives of lower cost per unit, cleanliness, and decreased risk from fire or boiler explosion; these are counterbalanced by the need for a source to refill the locomotive, and by the limited range afforded by the reservoir.
Finnish fireless locomotive showing typical configuration. Note the fitting at the front of the tank for refilling
Preserved H.K. Porter, Inc. No. 3290 of 1923 powered by compressed air
Lamm & Francq fireless tram engine, 1888
Fireless steam locomotive being recharged with high-pressure steam at Leicester power station in 1967
Pneumatics is a branch of engineering that makes use of gas or pressurized air.
Pneumatic (compressed-air) fireless locomotives like this were often used to haul trains in mines, where steam engines posed a risk of explosion. This one is preserved H.K. Porter, Inc. No. 3290 of 1923.
A pneumatic butterfly valve