In computing, firmware is software that provides low-level control of computing device hardware.
For a relatively simple device, firmware may perform all control, monitoring and data manipulation functionality.
For a more complex device, firmware may provide relatively low-level control as well as hardware abstraction services to higher-level software such as an operating system.
Firmware is commonly stored in an EEPROM, which makes use of an I/O protocol such as SPI.
ROM BIOS firmware on a Baby AT motherboard
Updating the firmware of a Fuji Instax camera
Computing is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing has scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.
ENIAC, the first programmable general-purpose electronic digital computer