First English Civil War
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The First English Civil War took place in England and Wales from 1642 to 1646, and forms part of the 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms. An estimated 15% to 20% of adult males in England and Wale
Charles I of England, c. 1636
Edward Hyde, later Earl of Clarendon, c. 1643; originally part of the Parliamentary opposition, in 1642 he became Charles' chief advisor
John Pym, who led the opposition to Charles from 1640 until his death in December 1643
Charles' nephew and most talented general, Prince Rupert, popularised during the Victorian era as the archetypal Cavalier
Long Parliament
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The Long Parliament was an English Parliament which nominally lasted from 1640 until 1660, making it the longest-lasting Parliament in English and British history. It followed the fiasco of the Short
Charles signed a bill agreeing that the present Parliament should not be dissolved without its own consent.
Viscount Falkland; killed at Newbury in 1643, typical of those moderates who supported reforms, but opposed the Grand Remonstrance and became Royalists
King Charles' attempt to arrest the Five Members of the Commons
Carisbrooke Castle, on the Isle of Wight, where Charles was held in December 1648