First International
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The International Workingmen's Association, commonly known as the First International, was a political international which aimed to unite a variety of left-wing political groups and trade union organi
Delegates at the 1866 Geneva Congress
George Odger
Henri Tolain
Depiction of the IWA's founding meeting at St Martin's Hall in London, 1864
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
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Pierre-Joseph Proudhon was a French anarchist, socialist, philosopher, and economist who founded mutualist philosophy and is considered by many to be the "father of anarchism". He was the first person
First International
…initial ideological struggle was between the communists or Marxists, centred around Karl Marx on the General Council, and the mutualists or followers of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. The communists successfully displaced the mutualists as the dominant ideological trend at the Brussels Congress in 1868. The rise of Mikhail Bakunin's…
1865 portrait
The house in Besançon in which Proudhon was born
Proudhon and His Children by Gustave Courbet, 1865
Proudhon's grave in Paris