Four species
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The four species are four plants—the etrog, lulav, hadass, and aravah—mentioned in the Torah as being relevant to the Jewish holiday of Sukkot. Observant Jews tie together three types of branches and
The four species. From left to right: aravah, lulav, hadass, etrog
Sukkot in the Synagogue (painting circa 1894–1895 by Leopold Pilichowski)
The Tosher Rebbe of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, waving the four species during Hallel
A 7th–8th century CE synagogue mosaic from Tiberias depicting a lulav and etrog alongside a Greek dedicatory inscription. Currently housed at the Eretz Israel Museum.
Etrog
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Etrog, also spelled esrog is the yellow citron used by Jews during the weeklong holiday of Sukkot as one of the four species. Together with the lulav, hadass, and aravah, the etrog is taken in hand an
Four species
…The four species (Hebrew: ארבעת המינים arba'at ha-minim, also called arba'a minim) are four plants—the etrog, lulav, hadass, and aravah—mentioned in the Torah (Leviticus 23:40) as being relevant to the Jewish holiday of Sukkot. Observant Jews tie together three…
An Israeli etrog, with pitam and gartel (trough around the center)
Original mosaic of ancient Maon Synagogue (before the 6th century CE), depicting etrogim at the base of a menorah
Replica of Maon Mosaic in Or Torah Synagogue. A similar replica is placed at the yard of Yad Ben Zvi.
Ancient Mosaic of Beth Alpha Synagogue, depicting etrog alongside a lulav, shofar and a menora