Four temperaments
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The four temperament theory is a proto-psychological theory which suggests that there are four fundamental personality types: sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic. Most formulations include
18th-century depiction of the four temperaments. Clockwise from the top left: phlegmatic, choleric, melancholic and sanguine.
Choleric, sanguine, melancholic, and phlegmatic temperaments: 17c., part of the Grande Commande
Choleric, melancholic, sanguine and phlegmatic temperaments, 20th-century depiction by an unknown artist
David Keirsey (1921-2013) was a modern psychologist known for his work on temperament theory.
Humorism
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Humorism, the humoral theory, or humoralism, was a system of medicine detailing a supposed makeup and workings of the human body, adopted by Ancient Greek and Roman physicians and philosophers.
Four temperaments
…two or more temperaments. Greek physician Hippocrates (c. 460 – c. 370 BC) described the four temperaments as part of the ancient medical concept of humourism, which states that four bodily fluids affect human personality traits and behaviours. Modern medical science does not define a fixed relationship between…
16th-century German illustration of the four humors: Flegmat (phlegm), Sanguin (blood), Coleric (yellow bile) and Melanc (black bile), divided between the male and female sexes