Franco-Mongol alliance
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Several attempts at a military alliance between the Frankish Crusaders and the Mongol Empire against the Islamic caliphates, their common enemy, were made by various leaders among them during the 13th
A 1305 letter from the Mongol Ilkhan Öljaitü to King Philip IV of France suggesting military collaboration, on a roll measuring 302 cm × 50 cm (9.91 ft × 1.64 ft)
1246 letter from Güyük to Pope Innocent IV, written in Persian
1248 letter from Sempad the Constable to Henry I of Cyprus and Jean d'Ibelin
Mongol attack on Baghdad (1258)
Mongol invasion of Europe
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From the 1220s to the 1240s, the Mongols conquered the Turkic states of Volga Bulgaria, Cumania and Iranian state of Alania, and various principalities in Eastern Europe. Following this, they began th
Franco-Mongol alliance
…communications: the Europeans would ask the Mongols to convert to Christianity, and the Mongols would respond with demands for submission. The Mongol invasion of Europe ended in 1242, in part because of the death of the Great Khan Ögedei, successor to Genghis Khan. When one Great Khan died, Mongols from all parts of…
Mongol invasion of Europe 1236–1242
Yaroslav II returns to Vladimir after Mongol destruction, miniature from the Kazan Chronicle
The Mongol army captures a city, miniature from the Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible
Henry II the Pious, who lost his life at the Battle of Legnica, 19th-century painting by Jan Matejko