Fresnel rhomb
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A Fresnel rhomb is an optical prism that introduces a 90° phase difference between two perpendicular components of polarization, by means of two total internal reflections. If the incident beam is lin
Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788–1827)
Waveplate
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A waveplate or retarder is an optical device that alters the polarization state of a light wave travelling through it. Two common types of waveplates are the half-wave plate, which rotates the polariz
A waveplate mounted in a rotary mount
Thin crystalline film of caesium chloride photographed using a petrographic microscope