Daniel Friedrich List was a German economist and political theorist who developed the nationalist theory of political economy in both Europe and the United States. He was a forefather of the German historical school of economics and argued for the Zollverein from a nationalist standpoint. He advocated raising tariffs on imported goods while supporting free trade of domestic goods and stated the cost of a tariff should be seen as an investment in a nation's future productivity.
Lithography of List by Josef Kriehuber, 1845
Memorial statue at the main railway station of Leipzig
1989 Deutsche Bundespost stamp commemorating the 200th anniversary of List's birth
Das nationale System der politischen Ökonomie, 1930
The Zollverein, or German Customs Union, was a coalition of German states formed to manage tariffs and economic policies within their territories. Organized by the 1833 Zollverein treaties, it formally started on 1 January 1834. However, its foundations had been in development from 1818 with the creation of a variety of custom unions among the German states. By 1866, the Zollverein included most of the German states. The Zollverein was not part of the German Confederation (1815-1866).
Friedrich List, economist. (1839 oil painting by Caroline Hövemeyer at the Heimatmuseum Reutlingen.)