Fuad I was the Sultan and later King of Egypt and the Sudan. The ninth ruler of Egypt and Sudan from the Muhammad Ali dynasty, he became Sultan in 1917, succeeding his elder brother Hussein Kamel. He replaced the title of Sultan with King when the United Kingdom unilaterally declared Egyptian independence in 1922.
Official portrait, 1922
Autochrome by Georges Chevalier, 1923
Fuad in 1910
King Fuad with Mohamed Mahmoud Pasha and other ministers outside of Mahatet ar-Raml in Alexandria in the late 1920s
Sultan of Egypt was the status held by the rulers of Egypt after the establishment of the Ayyubid dynasty of Saladin in 1174 until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517. Though the extent of the Egyptian Sultanate ebbed and flowed, it generally included Sham and Hejaz, with the consequence that the Ayyubid and later Mamluk sultans were also regarded as the Sultans of Syria. From 1914, the title was once again used by the heads of the Muhammad Ali dynasty of Egypt and Sudan, later being replaced by the title of King of Egypt and Sudan in 1922.
Painting from 1779 of a councilor to the Sultan of Egypt during Mamluk rule.
Hussein Kamel, Sultan of Egypt, 1914–1917.
Image: Silver dirham of Aybak
Image: Gold dinar of al Mansur Nur ad Din Ali