advertisement
WikiVisually
Infinite photos and videos for every Wiki article · Find something interesting to watch in seconds
Countries of the World Celebrities Ancient Marvels Richest US Counties Famous Castles Largest Palaces Presidents Largest Empires Best Campuses Great Artists History by Country Sports Kings of France Wonders of Nature Rare Coins Recovered Treasures World Banknotes British Monarchs Great Museums Supercars Great Cities Animals Orders and Medals Crown Jewels Wars and Battles Tallest Buildings
more top lists
History
Sultan of Egypt
Videos
Page
Sultan of Egypt was the status held by the rulers of Egypt after the establishment of the Ayyubid dynasty of Saladin in 1174 until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517. Though the extent of the Egyptian Sultanate ebbed and flowed, it generally included Sham and Hejaz, with the consequence that the Ayyubid and later Mamluk sultans were also regarded as the Sultans of Syria. From 1914, the title was once again used by the heads of the Muhammad Ali dynasty of Egypt and Sudan, later being replaced by the title of King of Egypt and Sudan in 1922.
Painting from 1779 of a councilor to the Sultan of Egypt during Mamluk rule.
Painting from 1779 of a councilor to the Sultan of Egypt during Mamluk rule.
Hussein Kamel, Sultan of Egypt, 1914–1917.
Hussein Kamel, Sultan of Egypt, 1914–1917.
Image: Silver dirham of Aybak
Image: Silver dirham of Aybak
Image: Gold dinar of al Mansur Nur ad Din Ali
Image: Gold dinar of al Mansur Nur ad Din Ali
Ayyubid dynasty
Videos
Page
The Ayyubid dynasty, also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt. A Sunni Muslim of Kurdish origin, Saladin had originally served the Zengid ruler Nur ad-Din, leading Nur ad-Din's army in battle against the Crusaders in Fatimid Egypt, where he was made Vizier. Following Nur ad-Din's death, Saladin was proclaimed as the first Sultan of Egypt by the Abbasid Caliphate, and rapidly expanded the new sultanate beyond the frontiers of Egypt to encompass most of the Levant, in addition to Hijaz, Yemen, northern Nubia, Tarabulus, Cyrenaica, southern Anatolia, and northern Iraq, the homeland of his Kurdish family. By virtue of his sultanate including Hijaz, the location of the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina, he was the first ruler to be hailed as the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, a title that would be held by all subsequent sultans of Egypt until the Ottoman conquest of 1517. Saladin's military campaigns in the first decade of his rule, aimed at uniting the various Arab and Muslim states in the region against the Crusaders, set the general borders and sphere of influence of the sultanate of Egypt for the almost three and a half centuries of its existence. Most of the Crusader states, including the Kingdom of Jerusalem, fell to Saladin after his victory at the Battle of Hattin in 1187. However, the Crusaders reconquered the coast of Palestine in the 1190s.
Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt (in pink) at the death of Saladin in 1193
Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt (in pink) at the death of Saladin in 1193
A dirham coin in the name of Saladin, dated 1215 CE. Likely minted in Mayyafariqin. Similar coins were also minted during Saladin's lifetime. The shar
A dirham coin in the name of Saladin, dated 1215 CE. Likely minted in Mayyafariqin. Similar coins were also minted during Saladin's lifetime. The sharbush headgear was a rallying sign for Saladin.
Fatimid or Ayyubid dynasty battle scene, Fustat, Cairo, Egypt, 12-13th century.
Fatimid or Ayyubid dynasty battle scene, Fustat, Cairo, Egypt, 12-13th century.
Arabic trebuchet, with its counterweight, in the Tabṣira by Murḍi Ibn cālī Ibn Murḍi al-Ṭarsūsī written for Saladin, late Fāṭimid or early Ayyūbid Egy
Arabic trebuchet, with its counterweight, in the Tabṣira by Murḍi Ibn cālī Ibn Murḍi al-Ṭarsūsī written for Saladin, late Fāṭimid or early Ayyūbid Egypt, c.1170 CE (Ms. Hunt.264, f.117, Bodleian Library, Oxford, UK).