Galileo affair
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The Galileo affair was an early 17th century political, religious, and scientific controversy regarding the astronomer Galileo Galilei's defence of heliocentrism, the idea that the Earth revolves arou
Photomontage of the Galilean moons. Galileo viewed these moons as a smaller Copernican system within the Solar System and used them to support heliocentrism.
Christian painting of God creating the cosmos (Bible Moralisee, French, 13th century)
The Council of Trent (1545–63) sitting in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore. The Roman Inquisition suspected Galileo of violating the decrees of the council. Museo Diocesano Tridentino, Trento.
Pope Paul V (1552–1621), who ordered that the inquisitorial commission's 1616 judgement be delivered to Galileo by Cardinal Bellarmine (Caravaggio)
Giordano Bruno
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Giordano Bruno was a Neopolitan philosopher, Dominican friar and priest, poet, alchemist, astronomer, cosmological theorist, and esotericist. He is known for his cosmological theories, which conceptua
Portrait from Opere di Giordano Bruno (1830)
The earliest depiction of Bruno is an engraving published in 1715 in Germany, presumed based on a lost contemporary portrait.
Woodcut from "Articuli centum et sexaginta adversus huius tempestatis mathematicos atque philosophos", Prague 1588
The trial of Giordano Bruno by the Roman Inquisition; bronze relief by Ettore Ferrari, Campo de' Fiori, Rome