1.
New Delhi
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New Delhi is the capital of India and one of Delhi citys 11 districts. The National Capital Region is a larger entity comprising the entire National Capital Territory along with adjoining districts. The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V and it was designed by British architects, Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by Viceroy, New Delhi has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under Prime Minister of India Narendra Modis flagship Smart Cities Mission. Calcutta was the capital of India during the British Raj until December 1911, Delhi had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of ancient India and the Delhi Sultanate, most notably of the Mughal Empire from 1649 to 1857. During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the British administration to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire, as India was officially named, from Calcutta on the east coast, to Delhi. The Government of British India felt that it would be easier to administer India from Delhi in the centre of northern India. The land for building the new city of Delhi was acquired under the Land Acquisition Act 1894. The foundation stone of New Delhi was laid by King George V and Queen Mary at the site of Delhi Durbar of 1911 at Kingsway Camp on 15 December 1911, during their imperial visit. Large parts of New Delhi were planned by Edwin Lutyens, who first visited Delhi in 1912, the contract was given to Sobha Singh. The original plan called for its construction in Tughlaqabad, inside the Tughlaqabad fort, construction really began after World War I and was completed by 1931. The city that was later dubbed Lutyens Delhi was inaugurated in ceremonies beginning on 10 February 1931 by Lord Irwin, Lutyens designed the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britains imperial aspirations. Soon Lutyens started considering other places, however, it was rejected by the Viceroy when the cost of acquiring the necessary properties was found to be too high. The central axis of New Delhi, which faces east at India Gate, was previously meant to be a north-south axis linking the Viceroys House at one end with Paharganj at the other. During the projects early years, many believed it was a gate from Earth to Heaven itself. Eventually, owing to space constraints and the presence of a number of heritage sites in the North side. A site atop the Raisina Hill, formerly Raisina Village, a Meo village, was chosen for the Rashtrapati Bhawan, then known as the Viceroys House. The reason for this choice was that the hill lay directly opposite the Dinapanah citadel, which was considered the site of Indraprastha
2.
Delhi
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Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi or NCT, is a city and a union territory of India. It is bordered by Haryana on three sides and by Uttar Pradesh to the east, the NCT covers an area of 1,484 square kilometres. According to 2011 census, Delhis city population was about 11 million, Delhis urban area is now considered to extend beyond the NCT boundary to include an estimated population of over 26 million people making it the worlds second largest urban area. As of 2016 recent estimates of the economy of its urban area have ranked Delhi either the top or second most productive metro area of India. Delhi is the second wealthiest city after Mumbai in India, with a wealth of $450 billion. Delhi has been inhabited since the 6th century BC. Through most of its history, Delhi has served as a capital of various kingdoms and it has been captured, ransacked and rebuilt several times, particularly during the medieval period, and modern Delhi is a cluster of a number of cities spread across the metropolitan region. New Delhi is jointly administered by the government of India and the local government of Delhi. Delhi is also the centre of the National Capital Region, which is a unique interstate regional planning area created by the National Capital Region Planning Board Act of 1985, Delhi ranks among the cities with the worst air pollution in the world. There are a number of myths and legends associated with the origin of the name Delhi, one of them is derived from Dhillu or Dilu, a king who built a city at this location in 50 BC and named it after himself. The coins in circulation in the region under the Tomaras were called dehliwal, according to the Bhavishya Purana, King Prithiviraja of Indraprastha built a new fort in the modern-day Purana Qila area for the convenience of all four castes in his kingdom. He ordered the construction of a gateway to the fort and later named the fort dehali, another theory suggests that the citys original name was Dhillika. The people of Delhi are referred to as Delhiites or Dilliwalas, the city is referenced in various idioms of the Northern Indo-Aryan languages. Dilli dilwalon ka shehr or Dilli Dilwalon ki meaning Delhi belongs to the large-hearted/daring, aas-paas barse, Dilli pani tarse, literally meaning it pours all around, while Delhi lies parched. An allusion to the sometimes semi-arid climate of Delhi, it refers to situations of deprivation when one is surrounded by plenty. The area around Delhi was probably inhabited before the second millennium BC, the city is believed to be the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas in the Indian epic Mahabharata. According to Mahabharata, this land was initially a huge mass of forests called Khandavaprastha which was burnt down to build the city of Indraprastha, the earliest architectural relics date back to the Maurya period, in 1966, an inscription of the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka was discovered near Srinivaspuri. Remains of eight cities have been discovered in Delhi
3.
Mumbai
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Mumbai is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India and the ninth most populous agglomeration in the world, Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2008, Mumbai was named a world city. It is also the wealthiest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West, Mumbai has the highest number of billionaires and millionaires among all cities in India. The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies, during the mid-18th century, Bombay was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the sea. Along with construction of roads and railways, the reclamation project, completed in 1845. Bombay in the 19th century was characterised by economic and educational development, during the early 20th century it became a strong base for the Indian independence movement. Upon Indias independence in 1947 the city was incorporated into Bombay State, in 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as the capital. Mumbai is the financial, commercial and entertainment capital of India and it is also home to some of Indias premier scientific and nuclear institutes like BARC, NPCL, IREL, TIFR, AERB, AECI, and the Department of Atomic Energy. The city also houses Indias Hindi and Marathi film and television industry, Mumbais business opportunities, as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living, attract migrants from all over India, making the city a melting pot of many communities and cultures. The oldest known names for the city are Kakamuchee and Galajunkja, in 1508, Portuguese writer Gaspar Correia used the name Bombaim, in his Lendas da Índia. This name possibly originated as the Old Portuguese phrase bom baim, meaning good little bay, in 1516, Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa used the name Tana-Maiambu, Tana appears to refer to the adjoining town of Thane and Maiambu to Mumbadevi. Other variations recorded in the 16th and the 17th centuries include, Mombayn, Bombay, Bombain, Bombaym, Monbaym, Mombaim, Mombaym, Bambaye, Bombaiim, Bombeye, Boon Bay, and Bon Bahia. After the English gained possession of the city in the 17th century, Ali Muhammad Khan, imperial diwan or revenue minister of the Gujarat province, in the Mirat-i-Ahmedi referred to the city as Manbai. By the late 20th century, the city was referred to as Mumbai or Mambai in the Indian statewise official languages of Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, Kannada and Sindhi, the Government of India officially changed the English name to Mumbai in November 1995. According to Slate magazine, they argued that Bombay was a corrupted English version of Mumbai, Slate also said The push to rename Bombay was part of a larger movement to strengthen Marathi identity in the Maharashtra region. A resident of Mumbai is called mumbaikar in the Marathi language, the term has been in use for quite some time but it gained popularity after the official name change to Mumbai. Mumbai is built on what was once an archipelago of seven islands, Bombay Island, Parel, Mazagaon, Mahim, Colaba, Worli and it is not exactly known when these islands were first inhabited
4.
Maharashtra
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Four Maharashtra is a state in the western region of India and is Indias second-most populous state and third-largest state by area. It is the wealthiest Indian state and it is also the worlds second-most populous sub-national entity. It has over 112 million inhabitants and its capital, Mumbai, has a population of approximately 18 million, Nagpur is Maharashtras second capital as well as its winter capital. Maharashtras business opportunities along with its potential to offer a standard of living attract migrants from all over India. Ancient and medieval Maharashtra included the empires of the Satavahana dynasty, Rashtrakuta dynasty, Western Chalukyas, Mughals, the major rivers of the state are Godavari, and Krishna. The Narmada and Tapti Rivers flow near the border between Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat, Maharashtra is the second most urbanised state in India. The state has several popular Hindu places of pilgrimage including Pandharpur, Dehu and Alandi, other places that attract pilgrims from other parts of India and beyond include Hazur Sahib Gurudwara at Nanded, Sai Baba shrine at Shirdi and Dikshabhumi at Nagpur. Maharashtra is the wealthiest and one of the most developed states in India, as of 2011, the state had a per capita income of ₹1.0035 lakh, more than the national average of ₹0.73 lakh. Its GDP per capita crossed the ₹1.20 lakh threshold for the first time in 2013, however, as of 2014, the GDP per capita reduced to ₹1.03 lakh Agriculture and industries are the largest parts of the states economy. Major industries include chemical products, electrical and non-electrical machinery, textiles, petroleum, Jai Maharashtra The modern Marathi language developed from the Maharashtri Prakrit, and the word Mahratta is found in the Jain Maharashtri literature. The terms Maharashtra, Maharashtri, Marathi and Maratha may have derived from the same root, however, their exact etymology is uncertain. But the Marathas as a people do not seem to be mentioned before the thirteenth or fourteenth century, the most widely accepted theory among the linguistic scholars is that the words Maratha and Maharashtra ultimately derived from a combination of Maha and rashtrika. The word rashtrika is a Sanskritized form of Ratta, the name of a tribe or dynasty of petty chiefs ruling in the Deccan region. Another theory is that the term is derived from Maha and ratha / rathi, an alternative theory states that the term derives from the word Maha and Rashtra. However, this theory has not found acceptance among scholars who believe it to be the Sanskritised interpretation of later writers. Maharashtra was ruled by the Maurya Empire in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, around 230 BCE Maharashtra came under the rule of the Satavahana dynasty for 400 years. The greatest ruler of the Satavahana Dynasty was Gautamiputra Satakarni, in 90 CE Vedishri, son of the Satavahana king Satakarni, the Lord of Dakshinapatha, wielder of the unchecked wheel of Sovereignty, made Junnar, thirty miles north of Pune, the capital of his kingdom. The state was ruled by Western Satraps, Gupta Empire, Gurjara-Pratihara, Vakataka, Kadambas, Chalukya Empire, Rashtrakuta Dynasty, and Western Chalukya before finally
5.
Shah Rukh Khan
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Shah Rukh Khan, also known as SRK, is an Indian film actor, producer and television personality. Referred to in the media as the Baadshah of Bollywood, King of Bollywood or King Khan, he has appeared in more than 80 Bollywood films, Khan has a significant following in Asia and the Indian diaspora worldwide. In terms of size and income, he has been described as one of the most successful film stars in the world. Khan began his career appearances in several television series in the late 1980s. He made his Bollywood debut in 1992 with Deewana, early in his career, Khan was recognised for portraying villainous roles in the films Darr, Baazigar and Anjaam. He then rose to prominence starring in a series of romantic films, including Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, Dil To Pagal Hai, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, Mohabbatein. He earned critical acclaim for his portrayal of an alcoholic in Devdas, a NASA scientist in Swades, India and a man with Asperger syndrome in My Name Is Khan. His highest-grossing films include the comedies Chennai Express and Happy New Year, many of his films display themes of Indian national identity and connections with diaspora communities, or gender, racial, social and religious differences and grievances. For his contributions to film, the Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri, and he is a frequent television presenter and stage show performer. The media often label him as Brand SRK because of his many endorsement, Khans philanthropic endeavours have provided health care and disaster relief, and he was honoured with UNESCOs Pyramide con Marni award in 2011 for his support of childrens education. He regularly features in listings of the most influential people in Indian culture, Khan was born on 2 November 1965 in a Muslim family in New Delhi. He spent the first five years of his life in Mangalore, according to Khan, his paternal grandfather, Jan Muhammad, an ethnic Pathan was from Afghanistan. Shah Rukh Khan also said in his interviews that he is a Pathan from Peshawar, Khans father, Meer Taj Mohammed Khan, was an Indian independence activist in Peshawar, British India. As of 2010, Khans paternal family was living in Shah Wali Qataal area of Peshawars Qissa Khawani Bazaar. Meer was a follower of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, and affiliated with the All Indian National Congress and he moved to New Delhi in 1948 partition of India. Khans mother, Lateef Fatima, was the daughter of a government engineer. His parents were married in 1959, Khan described himself on Twitter as half Hyderabadi, half Pathan, some Kashmiri. His paternal cousins in Peshawar claim that the family is of Hindkowan origin from Kashmir, not Pashtun, Khan grew up in the Rajendra Nagar neighbourhood of Delhi
6.
Interior design
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An interior designer is someone who plans, researches, coordinates, and manages such projects. Interior design is the process of shaping the experience of interior space, in the past, interiors were put together instinctively as a part of the process of building. The profession of design has been a consequence of the development of society. The pursuit of effective use of space, user well-being and functional design has contributed to the development of the interior design profession. The profession of design is separate and distinct from the role of Interior Decorator. The term is common in the UK where the profession of interior design is still unregulated and therefore, strictly speaking. In ancient India, architects used to work as interior designers and this can be seen from the references of Vishwakarma the architect - one of the gods in Indian mythology. Additionally, the sculptures depicting ancient texts and events are seen in palaces built in 17th century India, in ancient Egypt, soul houses or models of houses were placed in tombs as receptacles for food offerings. Architects would also employ craftsmen or artisans to complete design for their buildings. Large furniture firms began to branch out into general interior design and management and this business model flourished from the mid-century to 1914, when this role was increasingly usurped by independent, often amateur, designers. This paved the way for the emergence of the interior design in the mid-20th century. In the 1950s and 1960s, upholsterers began to expand their business remits and they framed their business more broadly and in artistic terms and began to advertise their furnishings to the public. Firms began to publish and circulate catalogs with prints for different lavish styles to attract the attention of expanding middle classes, as department stores increased in number and size, retail spaces within shops were furnished in different styles as examples for customers. One particularly effective advertising tool was to set up rooms at national and international exhibitions in showrooms for the public to see. Some of the firms in this regard were Waring & Gillow, James Shoolbred, Mintons. This type of firm emerged in America after the Civil War, the Herter Brothers, founded by two German emigre brothers, began as an upholstery warehouse and became one of the first firms of furniture makers and interior decorators. A pivotal figure in popularizing theories of interior design to the class was the architect Owen Jones. His most significant publication was The Grammar of Ornament, in which Jones formulated 37 key principles of interior design, in 1882, the London Directory of the Post Office listed 80 interior decorators
7.
Red Chillies Entertainment
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Red Chillies Entertainment founded in 2002, is an Indian motion picture production, distribution and a premier visual effects company based in the city of Mumbai. The company was founded in 2002 by Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan and it was transformed from the now defunct Dreamz Unlimited. Red Chillies Entertainment has formed a film studio in India. The studios activities span across creative development, production, marketing, distribution, licensing, merchandising and syndication of films in India and worldwide. When it comes to digital and marketing innovations for films, Red Chillies Entertainments Pvt Ltd has always been at the top of the game, apart from film production, RCE has a visual effects studio known as Red Chillies VFX. The company also has a 49% stake in the Indian Premier League cricket team Kolkata Knight Riders, sanjiv Chawla was the former CEO of the company, while Gauri Khan serves as a producer. In February 2013, Venky Mysore, the CEO of Kolkata Knight Riders took over responsibility as chief of Red Chillies Entertainment as well. In 2004, choreographer Farah Khan, a friend of Khan. The movie did well at the box office, becoming the second highest-grossing film of the year, the third film produced by the company was Farah Khans mega-budget Om Shanti Om, which was released in November 2007. The film was set in the 1970s and 2000s and paid tribute to Indian film industry of both these eras. Upon release, it broke box office records, grossing over ₹1.48 billion. The 2009 film Billu starring Irrfan Khan and Lara Dutta was the next release, the film opened to good reviews. The film made by Roshan Abbas, Always Kabhi Kabhi, did poorly, the company continued working on other projects until finally deciding on Ra. One starring Khan himself, Kareena Kapoor and Arjun Rampal. The pre-production work began in 2007 after the release of Om Shanti Om. The films crew consisted of more than 5,000 members from India, Italy and the US and it saw the inclusion of several visual effects techniques being incorporated in the production which were carried out by Red Chillies VFX. With an estimated budget of ₹1.25 billion, Ra. One was the second-most expensive film produced in Indian cinema. The film went on to break multiple box-office records and according to its distributors, is the second highest-grossing Bollywood film worldwide earning over ₹2.4 billion and their next production was Karan Johars directorial venture, Student of the Year, which was co-produced by Johars production company. The company also has a visual effects known as Red Chillies VFX which flagged off in 2005
8.
Main Hoon Na
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Main Hoon Na is a 2004 Indian action drama film co-written and directed by Farah Khan in her directorial debut. The screenplay was written by Farah Khan and Abbas Tyrewala based on the story by Anvita Dutt Guptan and it stars Shah Rukh Khan, Sunil Shetty, Sushmita Sen, Zayed Khan and Amrita Rao in the main cast. It was remade into Tamil as Aegan starring Ajith Kumar, Nayantara, Main Hoon Na is one of the most successful Indian films discussing the Indo-Pakistani conflict from a neutral point of view. The film was shot at St. Pauls School, Darjeeling and it is the first film of Shah Rukh Khans production company Red Chillies Entertainment and choreographer Farah Khans directorial debut film. It was released on 30 April 2004 and was declared a blockbuster at the box office The movie takes place against the background of the relationship between India and Pakistan. The governments of the two countries have launched, Project Milap, where both the governments will release the POWs from the previous wars. Major Raghavan, a rogue ex-para commando-turned-militant does not want the peaceful operation to turn to reality, while trying to rescue Gen. Bakshi, Brigadier Shekhar Sharma falls prey to a stray bullet. On his deathbed, Shekhar confesses to his son, Major Ram Prasad Sharma, that Ram is his illegitimate child and he tells Ram that his last wish is to see his family reunited under one roof, and dies. Gen. Bakshi tells Ram that his teenage daughter Sanjanas life is in danger, Ram is reluctant at first but then learns that his younger brother Laxman Lucky is studying at the same college. Ram agrees, and starts off on his mission, personal and national. At first, Ram is not able to fit into college life due to his age, Ram meets Sanjana, who is Luckys friend and is secretly in love with him. Lucky is portrayed as a student who is not interested in studies and has been at the college for some time now, unable. Sanjana is constantly irritated by Ram because of his attempts at friendship, Lucky and another student, Vivek, then end up in a competition, which involves getting to the roof of the school. Lucky slips off the roof, but is caught just in time by Ram, soon thereafter, Ms. Sharma, Luckys mother, advertises for a paying guest in their house in order to make ends meet, and Ram takes this opportunity to live in their house. Ram finally starts assimilating to college life, building a relationship amongst the other students. He succeeds in wooing his lecturer, Ms. Chandini, and Lucky, at the same time, Major Raghavan arrives at the college, also posing undercover as a member of staff. Ms. Sharma finds out that Ram is actually Shekars son, Ram then explains why he entered their lives, revealing his fathers ashes and his last wish. This causes Mrs. Sharma to have a change of heart, Major Raghavan kidnaps Sanjana and holds a large number of students and staff members hostage
9.
Om Shanti Om
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Om Shanti Om is a 2007 Indian supernatural romantic musical film co-written, choreographed and directed by Farah Khan. It stars Shah Rukh Khan and debutant Deepika Padukone in the lead roles while Arjun Rampal, Shreyas Talpade, more than forty-two well-known Hindi movie stars appear in the course of the film, including thirty of them in one song alone. The film is set in the 1970s and 2000s, it pays tribute to, and pokes fun at, the film was released in 2,000 prints worldwide making it the largest Indian cinematic release at the time. Om Shanti Om was released on 9 November 2007 to universal acclaim from critics and it grossed ₹1.50 billion worldwide and thus became the highest-grossing Hindi film at the time of its release. Om Prakash Makhija is a junior artist in 1970s Hindi cinema, one evening, Om views the premiere of Shantis film Dreamy Girl, posing as Manoj Kumar. Later that night, Om becomes drunk and describes his vision of himself as a famous, wealthy film star winning the Filmfare Award for Best Actor to his friend Pappu and some local children. At the shooting of a film, Om rescues Shanti from a fire scene where the fire has escaped control. One day, after following Shanti, he overhears her and producer Mukesh Mehras conversation, Mukesh says he is really happy with the news, and invites Shanti at the set of their soon-to-be-made film Om Shanti Om. Shanti tearfully begs Mukesh to release her but he leaves anyway, Om attempts to rescue Shanti, but is attacked by Mukeshs guards. After the guards leave, he attempts to rescue Shanti. He finds Shanti but he is thrown from the building by an explosion, the building explodes after he is thrown from it and Shanti appears to have died. Om is hit by a car owned by Rajesh Kapoor, an actor taking his wife pregnant Lovely to the hospital, at the hospital, Om remembers his moments with Shanti as he dies due to these injuries while Lovely gives birth to a son, also named Om. Om Prakash reincarnates as Om Kapoor and sets out to avenge Shantis death and he is nicknamed O. K. and lives the luxurious life imagined by Om Prakash, but experiences pyrophobia and subconsciously inherits Om Prakashs memories. In acceptance of an award, O. K. unexpectedly delivers Om Prakashs drunken speech to the assembly. At a celebration of his award, O. K. is introduced by his father to Mukesh and he later reunites with Oms mother Bela and Pappu and conspires to avenge Shantis death by making Mukesh confess his crime. To that end, O. K. convinces Mukesh to restart Om Shanti Om, to impersonate Shanti, O. K. finds Sandhya alias Sandy, a doppelgänger of Shanti. Throughout the films shooting, O. K. and his friends arrange incidents to remind Mukesh of his crime. During the music launch of the film, O. K. taunts Mukesh by revealing, through a song, but when Mukesh runs after Sandy thinking she is a ghost of Shanti, Sandy accidentally cuts her arm and bleeds
10.
My Name Is Khan
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My Name Is Khan is a 2010 Indian thriller drama film directed by Karan Johar and produced by Hiroo Yash Johar and Gauri Khan and stars Shah Rukh Khan and Kajol in lead roles. It is also the highest buyover for any Indian film, surpassing Ghajinis record of ₹90 crore and my Name Is Khan debuted in Abu Dhabi, UAE, on 10 February 2010. It premiered globally in cinemas on 12 February 2010 and it was also screened as part of the 60th Berlin International Film Festivals official selection the same month. Upon its release, the film broke box office records. My Name Is Khan was the highest-grossing Bollywood film overseas at the time, within four weeks, the film crossed the ₹70 crore mark in India and became the first film of 2010 to do so. In the overseas markets, the film grossed ₹110.34 crore and my Name Is Khan earned a worldwide gross of 200 crores. The film was released in India on DVD on 28 April 2010, blu-ray in India, plus a DVD release worldwide followed on 10 August 2010. Rizwan Khan is a Muslim child who grew up with his brother Zakir, Rizwan is different from other children as he has autism. However, he has gifts, particularly a special ability to repair things. Despite this initial resentment, as an adult Zakir sponsors Rizwan to come and it is at this time that Zakirs wife, Haseena diagnoses Rizwan as having Aspergers syndrome. Rizwan also begins to work for Zakir and in the process he meets a Hindu woman, Mandira and her son, Sameer. Despite Zakirs hostility to the match, they marry and settle down in the town of Banville. They also live next door to the Garrick family, consisting of Mark, the couples perfect existence is disrupted after the September 11 attacks on the twin towers in New York City. Mark goes to cover the war in Afghanistan and dies there, at the same time, the Khan family begins to experience post 9-11 prejudice in their community and Reese begins to turn against Sameer as well. One afternoon, an argument between them turns into a racially motivated schoolyard fight between Sameer and a number of older students, Reese tries to stop the fight but is held back and Sameer dies from his injuries. A shattered Mandira blames Rizwan for his death stating that Sameer died only because his name was Khan and she then tells Rizwan that she no longer wants to be with him. Rizwan thus sets out on a journey takes him from one US state to another, in order to first meet President George W. Bush. During this quest, he travels to a town in Georgia and befriends Mama Jenny
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