1.
Tom Hawkins (footballer)
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Thomas Jack Hawkins is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League. A forward,1.97 metres tall and weighing 105 kilograms and he grew up in New South Wales before moving to Melbourne to attend Melbourne Grammar School, where his football abilities earned him a spot in the first XVIII in year ten. He played top-level football with the Sandringham Dragons in the TAC Cup and his accolades as a junior include national and state representation, the Larke Medal as the AFL Under 18 Championships most valuable player, and All-Australian selection. As the eldest son of former Geelong champion Jack Hawkins, Hawkins was drafted by Geelong under the father-son draft rule with the forty-first selection in the 2006 AFL draft. His debut season saw him earn an AFL Rising Star nomination, Hawkins was born in Finley, New South Wales to Jack and Jenny Hawkins. He grew up in the New South Wales region of Finley as the child among three other siblings. He attended Finley High School and played for the Finley Football Club before making the south of the border to begin boarding at Melbourne Grammar School. Hawkins kicked four goals on debut for the school and his performances up forward soon received attention from AFL recruiting teams, by the time he had reached his final school year he was rewarded with joint captaincy of the football team alongside Hawthorn draftee Xavier Ellis. In the same year, he was awarded an AIS/AFL academy scholarship as part of the ninth intake, in the mid-year of 2006, Hawkins was selected to play in the 2006 AFL Under 18 Championships, lining up at full forward for Vic Metro. since Chris Judd. Hawkins was officially selected by Geelong in the 2006 national draft under the father–son rule, the subsequent controversy over what was widely acknowledged as a bargain gain for the Cats led to the AFL amending the father-son ruling for future use. A stress reaction injury to his leg, however, halted Hawkins pre-season. Hawkins made his anticipated debut for the Geelong seniors in round two of the 2007 season against Carlton. Other revered media figures, such as Gerard Healy and David Parkin, were moved enough to describe the debut as the best first-up performance in recent memory. There, Hawkins helped Geelong reach the VFL Grand Final for the successive year. He scored two goals in the game to help Geelong defeat St Kilda by twelve points, winning the 2009 AFL premiership, a mid-year footy injury saw Hawkins miss seven weeks of football in 2010, and he finished the season with eighteen matches and twenty-one goals. Hawkins faced scrutiny during the 2011 season for his inconsistent form saw him dropped from the senior side in the middle of the season. He was highly praised during Geelongs finals series in which Herald Sun journalist and he bettered that performance two weeks later in the 2011 AFL Grand Final, where he finished the day with nineteen disposals, nine marks and three goals to win his second premiership medallion. His performance saw him awarded five votes for the Norm Smith Medal, coming third behind Jimmy Bartel with thirteen votes and Joel Selwood with nine votes
2.
Australian Football League
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The Australian Football League is the pre-eminent professional competition in the sport of Australian rules football. Through the AFL Commission, the AFL also serves as the governing body. The league was founded as the Victorian Football League as a breakaway from the previous Victorian Football Association, the league currently consists of 18 teams spread over five of Australias six states. Matches have been played in all states and territories of Australia. The AFL season currently consists of a competition, followed by a 23-round regular season. The top eight teams play off in a four-round finals series, culminating in the AFL Grand Final. The winning team in the Grand Final is termed the premiers, the current premiers are the Western Bulldogs. The six clubs invited two more VFA clubs – Carlton and St Kilda – to join the league for its season in 1897. In 1908, the league expanded to ten teams, with Richmond crossing from the VFA, Port Adelaide was the most successful club of the competition winning three titles during the period along with an earlier victory. In 1925, the VFL expanded from nine teams to twelve, with Footscray, Hawthorn, North Melbourne and Hawthorn remained very weak in the VFL for a very long period. Between the years of 1927 and 1930, Collingwood became the first, in 1952, the VFL hosted National Day, when all six matches were played outside of Melbourne. Matches were played at the Sydney Cricket Ground, Brisbane Exhibition Ground, North Hobart Oval, Albury Sports Ground and Victorian country towns Yallourn, Footscray became the first of the 1925 expansion teams to win the premiership in 1954. Melbourne became a powerhouse during the 1950s and early 1960s under coach Norm Smith, the club contested seven consecutive grand finals from 1954 to 1960, winning five premierships, including three in a row from 1955 to 1957. Television coverage began in 1957, with telecasts of the final quarter permitted. At first, several channels competed through broadcasting different games, however, when the VFL found that television was reducing crowds, it decided that no coverage was to be allowed for 1960. In 1961, replays were introduced although direct telecasts were rarely permitted in Melbourne, in 1959, the VFL planned the first purpose built mega-stadium, VFL Park, to give it some independence from the Melbourne Cricket Club, which managed the Melbourne Cricket Ground. VFL Park was planned to hold 155,000 spectators, which would have made it one of the largest stadiums in the world – although it would ultimately be built with a capacity of 78,000. Land for the stadium was purchased at Mulgrave, then farmland, the VFL Premiership Trophy was first awarded in addition to a pennant flag in 1959, essentially the same trophy design has been in use since
3.
Chris Scott (Australian footballer)
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Scott was picked by the Brisbane Bears in the 1993 AFL Draft with the 12th draft pick and moved to Queensland while still studying at St Kevins College. He studied at Brisbane Boys College during his first years as an AFL player, Scott made his AFL debut in 1994 with the Brisbane Bears, taking out the Norwich Rising Star award. Scott became one of the AFLs toughest defensive players, using his strength to outmuscle opposing forwards, along with his brother Brad, they were nicknamed the Kray brothers by some fans for their forceful and ruthless styles of play. During Brisbanes three-peat era Scott was part of a powerful backline also containing Mal Michael, Chris Johnson and Justin Leppitsch. He caused controversy in round 1 of 2005, when along with Mal Michael he crashed into St Kildas Nick Riewoldt after Riewoldt chose to stay on the ground with a broken collarbone. In the same game Scott also had several teeth knocked out after receiving a back-handed fist from opponent Aaron Hamill, after participating in 2 premiership sides, Scotts later career was plagued with injuries, but his occasional appearances showed his experience and skill. Brisbanes round 22 match against the Geelong Football Club on 1 September 2007 was his last after announcing his retirement, in 2008, Scott joined Fremantle as an assistant coach. The media speculated that Scott was considered the second best applicant by the selection committee, on 18 October 2010, it was officially announced by the Geelong Football Club that Scott would be their new coach, following Mark Thompsons resignation at the end of the 2010 season. Scott had a brilliant start to his AFL coaching career, with Geelong winning its first thirteen matches of the 2011 season and his thirteen wins in succession was the best start to a coaching career in almost 80 years. But this streak was broken in Round 15, when the Cats went down to Essendon by four points and he is also the youngest premiership coach since Alex Jesaulenko in 1979 to win a Grand Final. In August 2014, Scott signed a contract extension extending his tenure as senior coach of Geelong until the end of 2017. He is three minutes older than Brad, Chris Scotts statistics from AFL Tables
4.
Joel Selwood
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Joel Anthony Selwood is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League. A midfielder,1.83 metres tall and weighing 86 kilograms, a standout junior track and field athlete and footballer, Selwood entered top-level football early, joining the TAC Cup competition as a bottom-aged player. Despite a serious injury during his final year of junior football, Selwood was selected with Geelongs first pick. Selwood made his AFL debut in 2007, winning the AFL Rising Star Award, Selwood holds one of the highest winning–percentage records of any player in VFL-AFL history, helping the club reach three successive AFL Grand Finals from 2007–2009 and another in 2011. After serving one season as the club vice-captain in 2011, Selwood was appointed as the captain of Geelong at the beginning of 2012, Joel Selwood was born to Bryce and Maree Selwood in the country town of Bendigo, Victoria. He was raised in a family of sportspeople and his mother Maree was a top runner and tennis player, and elder twins Adam and Troy were identified as talented footballers at a young age. As a two-year-old, Selwood was forced to wear splints on his leg to help overcome a walking disability, Selwood displayed athletic talent from an early age. He was the state hurdling champion from under-10s through to the under-15s, growing up with his older brothers, Selwood was accustomed to playing with bigger teammates and opponents. By the time he was eight years old, he had played his first competitive game of football, against children four years his senior, and had kicked three goals. Selwood attended Catholic College Bendigo and played football with the Sandhurst Football Club. Although his age made him ineligible to enter the 2005 AFL Draft, Bendigo Pioneers regional manager Ray Byrne noted that ability-wise, Joel was streets ahead of everyone. Even at an age, he was a standout. Byrne praised Selwoods professionalism, noting that he had never seen a kid prepare in the TAC Cup like Joel and he had a fantastic football brain, he could sort it out within 10 minutes of a game who should be where and what. Selwood received an array of accolades and honours as a bottom-aged player and his performances in the championships earned him end-of-year All-Australian honours and the Most Valuable Player award for Victoria Country. His performances in Ireland earned him the Ron Barassi Medal, as the adjudicated Most Valuable Player of the tour, Selwoods achievements in local football were recognised when he was listed as a finalist in the 2006 Bendigo Sports Star of the Year Award. Returning in 2006 with the Pioneers, Selwood entered his final year of football as one of the top rated prospects in his age group. His achievements at the level were recognised early by the AFL Players Association, when he was awarded the Mike Fitzpatrick Scholarship. Rewarded with the captaincy of Bendigo for his season, Selwood again won mid-year State honours for Victoria Country
5.
1884 VFA season
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The 1884 Victorian Football Association season was the eighth season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club and it was the clubs sixth VFA premiership in just seven seasons, and was the third in a sequence of three consecutive premierships won from 1882 to 1884. The senior metropolitan membership of the Association increased from six to eight clubs in 1884, the two new clubs were the Williamstown Football Club, which was elevated from junior status, and the newly established Fitzroy Football Club. At this time, three other senior clubs were full Association members represented on the Board of Management, Ballarat, South Ballarat. Due to distance, these clubs played too few matches against the rest of the VFA to be considered relevant in the premiership, the 1884 premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club, which won twenty-two and drew one of its twenty-five matches. Essendon finished second with sixteen wins and two draws from twenty-four matches, Hotham finished third, the below table details the playing records of the eight clubs in all matches during the 1884 season. The clubs are listed in the order in which they were ranked in the Sportsman newspaper, Victorian Football Association/Victorian Football League History List of VFA/VFL Premiers History of Australian rules football in Victoria
6.
1925 VFL Grand Final
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It was the 29th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1925 VFL season. The match, attended by 64,288 spectators, was won by Geelong by a margin of 10 points, Collingwood on the other hand had only made the finals on percentage, a spot only cemented when they defeated South Melbourne by 65 points in the final round. Geelong outscored Collingwood in each of the first three quarters to open up a 25-point lead going into the final term, Collingwood finished strongly but Geelong held on to claim to first VFL premiership. Captain-coach Cliff Rankin starred with five goals, Tom Fitzmaurice had extra reason to celebrate, as it was his 100th VFL match and his third successive premiership, having won flags in the previous two seasons at Essendon. In what was Geelongs first VFL premiership and first premiership since the VFA title in 1886, The Age reported, the players who had succeeded, where teams for 29 years had failed, seemed to be the coolest men there. They had just come out of a strenuous contest, and were besieged by enthusiastic supporters, but they accepted the plaudits with becoming modesty. Not one of them had been in a team, save Tom Fitzmaurice. ISBN 0-670-86814-01925 VFL Grand Final - BoylesFootballPhotos 1925 VFL season
7.
1951 VFL Grand Final
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The 1951 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Geelong Football Club and Essendon Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 29 September 1951. It was the 55th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, the match, attended by 84,109 spectators, was won by Geelong by 11 points, marking that clubs fourth premiership victory. This was the sixth successive Grand Final appearance for the Bombers and they were attempting to win three successive flags, after having defeated Carlton in the 1949 VFL Grand Final and North Melbourne in the 1950 VFL Grand Final. The Bombers went into the match without star full-forward John Coleman who had suspended for four matches. The win by Geelong capped off a brilliant season for the Cats and they won the Minor Premiership for finishing on top of the home and away ladder, Bernie Smith won the Brownlow Medal and George Goninon was the leagues leading goalkicker. It was Geelongs first flag since winning the 1937 VFL Grand Final
8.
2007 AFL Grand Final
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It was the 111th annual Grand Final of the Australian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 2007 AFL season. The match, attended by 97,302 spectators, was won by Geelong by a margin of 119 points, the victory marked Geelongs seventh premiership win, and ended its 44-year premiership drought. Geelong entered the season after finishing 10th in 2006, Geelong had lost only one game since Round 5, by five points to Port Adelaide at Skilled Stadium in Round 21 when Domenic Cassisi goaled with 3 seconds remaining. The grand final was Geelongs first appearance in a premiership decider since losing the 1995 Grand Final, Geelong won a tight contest with the Magpies by 5 points in front of a crowd of 98,002. Port Adelaide, having finished 12th the previous season, rose an amazing 10 places to become 2nd on the ladder in 2007, with a 15–7 record and a percentage of 113.54. Port Adelaide had hosted reigning premiers West Coast Eagles at AAMI Stadium in their qualifying final, having also earned a second week bye, they proceeded to the third week and hosted the Kangaroos in a preliminary final at AAMI Stadium, winning by 87 points. The 2007 AFL Grand Final was Port Adelaides first since winning the 2004 Grand Final and this was the first Grand Final fought between two teams that missed the finals the previous year since 1997. The Cats outscored the Port Adelaide Power 5.7 to 2.2 in the opening term, Geelong excelled in their defence - which had been the best in the competition all season - keeping the Power to their lowest score of the year. The backlines, led by Matthew Scarlett at fullback, repeatedly turned defence into attack, half-forwards Paul Chapman and Steve Johnson kicked four goals each and set up numerous others. Johnson was awarded the Norm Smith Medal for best-on-ground in the Grand Final after the Cats’ triumph, chapmans day included a sensational high mark over Port Adelaide captain Warren Tredrea during the third quarter. Key forwards Cameron Mooney and Nathan Ablett also performed strongly, Power players Kane Cornes and Domenic Cassisi performed reasonably well against Geelong stars Jimmy Bartel and Gary Ablett, Jr. The match ended with Geelong winning by the score of 24.19 to 6.8, recording the greatest winning margin in AFL Grand Final history,119 points. This broke the record of 96 points set by Hawthorn against Melbourne in the 1988 VFL Grand Final, it was also, at the time. Geelongs 417 disposals was also a Grand Final Record, meanwhile, Port Adelaide became the only finals side in history to have more handballs than kicks. Geelong scored 17.10 from Port Adelaide turnovers, while the Power scored just 1.2 from the Cats, the Cats win ended a 44-year premiership drought for the club. The last flag had come in 1963, and since then the club had lost five Grand Finals and it was also the first premiership won by a team from Victoria since Essendons 2000 victory. MCC Chairman Nickolas Daskalou was quoted Half the MCC members departed long before three quarter time in what was seen as the most one sided Grand Final in history,2007 AFL season 2007 AFL Finals Series Match stats at AFL Tables AFL Website
9.
2009 AFL Grand Final
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The 2009 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the St Kilda Football Club and the Geelong Football Club at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 26 September 2009. It was the 113th annual Grand Final of the Australian Football League, the match, attended by 99,251 spectators, was won by Geelong by a margin of 12 points, marking the clubs eighth VFL/AFL premiership victory. Geelongs Paul Chapman was awarded the Norm Smith Medal as the best player on the ground, St Kilda entered the 2009 premiership season after having lost its preliminary final in 2008 against eventual premiers Hawthorn. The Saints home-and-away season was outstanding and they won their first 19 games before losing consecutive games in Rounds 20 and 21 against Essendon. They won their game and earned the McClelland Trophy for the first time since 1997. Their record of 20-2 is the equal-third most wins of all time, behind the 2008 Cats and they won their four pre-season games to win the NAB Cup and their first 13 home-and-away games. Their first loss came in Round 14 against St Kilda by six points, Geelong won their final game comfortably to finish with a record of 18-4. They defeated a fast-finishing Bulldogs team by 14 points in their qualifying final, in the week leading up to the Grand Final, Geelongs Gary Ablett was awarded the Brownlow Medal. This Grand Final appearance was the sixteenth in Geelongs history and the third in succession, with the club attempting to win its eighth premiership and second in three years. It was sixth Grand Final appearance in St Kildas history and the first since the 1997 Grand Final and its only flag to date was won 43 years earlier in the 1966 Grand Final. This was the first time that St Kilda and Geelong had met in a Grand Final, in spite of their respective ladder positions, Geelong entered the game as the favourite team to win amongst most bookmakers. It was also the first Grand Final to be played since the death of cartoonist William Ellis Green, the posters had been sold after each Grand Final with the proceeds going to the Royal Childrens Hospital. Beginning in 2009, the posters were drawn by cartoonist Mark Knight of the Herald Sun, coverage Telecast Live and in HD on Channel Ten & One HD with Commentators Stephen Quartermain, Tim Lane, Robert Walls, Luke Darcy, Mark Howard and Andrew Maher. Mark Seymour from Australian rock band Hunters and Collectors performed Holy Grail on stage, john Farnham then sang Youre the Voice, joined later by Seymour and Barnes. The Qantas choir performed I Still Call Australia Home, and the anthem was performed a cappella by the cast of Jersey Boys. The Grand Final was played in cold and wet conditions and it had rained heavily the previous night in Melbourne such that the ground was particularly wet around the boundary, and there were also several heavy showers during the game. The highest ambient temperature for the game was only 11.3 °C, Geelong started strongly, earning a two-goal advantage after eight minutes, with Max Rooke scoring the opening goal of the game after catching an unaware Raphael Clarke holding the ball. St Kilda opened the second better, but again missed relatively easy shots at goal from Schneider
10.
2011 AFL Grand Final
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The 2011 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Collingwood Football Club and the Geelong Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 1 October 2011. It was the 115th annual Grand Final of the Australian Football League, the match, attended by 99,537 spectators, was won by Geelong by a margin of 38 points, marking the clubs ninth VFL/AFL premiership victory. Geelongs Jimmy Bartel was awarded the Norm Smith Medal as the best player on the ground, Collingwood entered the 2011 season as the reigning premiers, having defeated St Kilda in the 2010 AFL Grand Final Replay by 56 points. Collingwood were the best performed side of the home and away season, winning 14 games in a row in the part of the season. Collingwood won its second minor premiership and McClelland Trophy whilst registering the highest overall scoring percentage in over a century. Geelong entered the season finishing second in 2010 home and away season. Geelong appointed a new coach, Chris Scott, in the off-season after dual premiership coach Mark Thompson moved to Essendon, Geelong won their first 13 games in 2011, before finishing with a record of 19–3 to sit second on the ladder. The Cats had comfortable finals wins, over Hawthorn by 31 points and West Coast by 48 points, Collingwood and Geelong met twice during the 2011 home and away season, with Geelong winning both games, these were Collingwoods only two losses for the home-and-away season. In Round 8, Geelong won a game in spite of inaccurate goalkicking. In Round 24, Geelong inflicted Collingwoods heaviest defeat for more than six years and it was Geelongs 17th Grand Final appearance, with the club attempting to win its ninth premiership overall. It was Geelongs fourth Grand Final appearance in five seasons, with the club attempting to win its third of those contests and it was the first time since 1998 that the premiers from the two preceding seasons played in the Grand Final. This match was the sixth Grand Final contested between Collingwood and Geelong and the first since 1953, three of the previous encounters were won by Geelong and two were won by Collingwood. However, punters backed Geelong heavily and, by Monday, Geelong had become the favourite, on Thursday, Sportsbet was offering $1.80 for Geelong. The match was broadcast by Ten Sport on Network Ten, the broadcast was transmitted only in Standard Definition, as the costs of High Definition were deemed excessive - the HD channel was used for golf. The coverage included the match, pre-game report, post-match report, the pre-game and post-game reports were hosted by Tim Lane and Michael Christian, and the match coverage was hosted by Stephen Quartermain. The match was called by Quartermain, Anthony Hudson, Luke Darcy and it was Tens eighth Grand Final broadcast. The Grand Final had an audience of over 3.9 million viewers. Network Ten won the 2012 Silver Logie award for Most Popular Sports Program - that being the 2011 AFL Grand Final, pre-match entertainment was provided by American singer Meat Loaf, who performed a twelve-and-a-half minute medley of his best-known songs
11.
Kardinia Park (stadium)
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Kardinia Park is a sporting and entertainment venue located within Kardinia Park, South Geelong, Victoria. The stadium, which is owned and operated by the City of Greater Geelong, is the ground of the Geelong Football Club. On 23 May 2002, Kardinia Park hosted a visit from the Dalai Lama, Kardinia Park is regarded as a proverbial graveyard for teams playing against Geelong, which has an especially good record at the ground in recent years. Geelong did not lose a match played at the venue between 26 August 2007 and 27 August 2011. Geelongs Jimmy Bartel credited the home advantage to the fact that Geelong is one of the few clubs which practices on the same field that it plays on. On 22 June 2011, it was announced the stadium would have a new name in 2012, after 10 years as naming rights sponsor of Skilled Stadium, Skilled Group decided to relinquish these rights as of 31 October 2011. The stadium is nicknamed The Cattery by the clubs supporters, floodlights were installed prior to the 2013 season, and the venue staged its first night match during the season. Association football team Melbourne Victory FC occasionally plays at Kardinia Park, european Champions League finalists Atlético Madrid played Melbourne Victory in a friendly match at the stadium on 31 July 2016. During the late 1920s and early 1930s when Motorcycle speedway was becoming popular throughout Australia, Kardinia Park was home to a dirt track known as the Geelong Velodrome. The Velodrome hosted the inaugural Victorian Solo Speedway Championship in 1926/27, both championships were won by Billy Pilgrim. In 2016, it was announced that cricket would be played at the ground for the first time. The ground hosted second T20 International between Australia and Sri Lanka on February 19, the ground witnessed memorable match between two nations, where Sri Lanka won the match by 2 wickets at the end. Sri Lanka chased 173 runs at the last ball of the match, where Asela Gunaratne smashed 46-ball unbeaten 84 runs to seal the match and series for Sri Lanka. An A$28 million redevelopment of the ground was announced in 2003, with A$13.5 million in funding from the State Government, A$4.5 million from the Geelong Football Club, and A$2 million from the AFL. A favourite for the honour of the naming of the new stand was Bob Davis, the northern terrace became known as the Gary Ablett Terrace while the western gate was renamed the Bob Davis Gate. In September 2007, Skilled Stadium received a total of A$26 million towards the rebuilding of the Ross Drew Stand on the south western side of the ground that was completed by April 2010. Funding for the project included A$14 million from the Federal Government, the new stand, known as the Premiership Stand, caters for 3,551 supporters, and has facilities for a further 800 corporate guests on match days. The stand opened in four of the 2010 AFL season
12.
Melbourne Cricket Ground
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The Melbourne Cricket Ground, also known simply as The G, is an Australian sports stadium located in Yarra Park, Melbourne, Victoria. The MCG is within walking distance of the city centre and is served by the Richmond railway station, Richmond, and it is part of the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct. Since it was built in 1853, the MCG has been in a state of almost constant renewal and it served as the centrepiece stadium of the 1956 Summer Olympics, the 2006 Commonwealth Games and two Cricket World Cups,1992 and 2015. The annual Boxing Day Test is one of the MCGs most popular events, the stadium fills to capacity for the AFL Grand Final. Concerts and other events are also held at the venue. The MCG is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register and was included on the Australian National Heritage List in 2005, journalist Greg Baum called it a shrine, a citadel, a landmark, a totem that symbolises Melbourne to the world. Founded in November 1838 the Melbourne Cricket Club selected the current MCG site in 1853 after previously playing at several grounds around Melbourne, the club’s first game was against a military team at the Old Mint site, at the corner of William and Latrobe Streets. The area was subject to flooding, forcing the club to move again and it was not long before the club was forced out again, this time because of the expansion of the railway. The South Melbourne ground was in the path of Victoria’s first steam railway line from Melbourne to Sandridge and this last option, which is now Yarra Park, had been used by Aborigines until 1835. Between 1835 and 1853 it was an agistment area for colonial troopers’ horses, in 1850 it was part of a 200-acre stretch set aside for public recreation extending from Governor La Trobe’s Jolimont Estate to the Yarra River. By 1853 it had become a busy promenade for Melbourne residents, an MCC sub-committee chose the Richmond Park option because it was level enough for cricket but sloped enough to prevent inundation. That ground was located where the Richmond, or outer, end of the current MCG is now, at the same time the Richmond Cricket Club was given occupancy rights to six acres for another cricket ground on the eastern side of the Government Paddock. At the time of the grant the Government stipulated that the ground was to be used for cricket and cricket only. This condition remained until 1933 when the State Government allowed the MCG’s uses to be broadened to other purposes when not being used for cricket. In 1863 a corridor of land running diagonally across Yarra Park was granted to the Hobson’s Bay Railway, the area closest to the river was also developed for sporting purposes in later years including Olympic venues in 1956. The first grandstand at the MCG was the original wooden stand built in 1854. It was during this tour that the MCG hosted the worlds first Test match, in 1881 the original members stand was sold to the Richmond Cricket Club for £55. A new brick stand, considered at the time to be the world’s finest cricket facility, was built in its place, the foundation stone was laid by Prince George of Wales and Prince Albert Victor on 4 July and the stand opened in December that year
13.
Deakin University
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Deakin University is an Australian public university with approximately 50,644 higher education students in 2014. Established in 1974, the University was named after the leader of the Australian federation movement and it has campuses in Geelong, Warrnambool and Burwood, Melbourne and learning centres in Dandenong, Craigieburn and Werribee, all in the state of Victoria. It was formally established in 1974 with the passage of the Deakin University Act 1974, the sale of Stonnington Mansion by Deakin provoked public outrage as it involved the mansion which was at risk of redevelopment by property developers. Deakin is one of Australias fastest growing research universities and its combined research funding had increased from A$4.5 million in 1997 to A$43.4 million in 2014. Deakin University was formally established in 1974 with the passage of the Deakin University Act 1974, Deakin was Victorias fourth university, the first to be established in regional Victoria and the first to specialise in distance education. Deakin Universitys first campus was established at Waurn Ponds, the University was the result of a merger between State College of Victoria, Geelong and the higher education courses of the Gordon Institute of Technology. Deakin enrolled its first students at Waurn Ponds in 1977, the Burwood campus is on the site of the former Burwood Teachers College, and also takes in the former sites of the Bennettswood Primary School and the Burwood Secondary School. The teachers college conducted two-year training courses for Primary School teachers and it provided live-on-site accommodation for country students. The Rusden Campus was closed in 2003 and all courses were transferred to the Melbourne campus at Burwood, Rusden subsequently acquired by Monash University for its student accommodation purposes. The former Toorak Campus, located in Malvern, was offered for sale in 2006 as the University considered the surplus to its requirements. The courses and resources were relocated to the Melbourne campus at Burwood in November 2007, the main building on the site is the 116-year-old historic Stonnington Mansion It is located amongst traditional gardens. The Stonnington Stables art gallery and the Universitys contemporary art collection were located here, the universitys action of offering the campus, including the mansion, provoked public outrage over the potential privatization of what had been public space. In December 2006, the three-mansion was sold for $33 million to a joint venture between Hamton Property Group and Industry Superannuation Property Trust, the Deakin University Council is the governing body of the University and is chaired by the Chancellor, David Morgan. Council is responsible for the direction and oversight of the University and is publicly accountable for the Universitys actions. The Vice-Chancellor is the Chief Executive Officer of the university and is responsible to Council, Professor Jane den Hollander is Vice-Chancellor and President of Deakin University and is Deakins 6th Vice-Chancellor. Professor den Hollander is a cellular biologist turned university administrator and was previously Deputy Vice-Chancellor at Curtin University in Western Australia, the university is divided into four faculties, covering arts and education, business and law, health, and science, engineering and the environment. Within the arts faculty, the three schools cover education, social sciences, humanities, communication and the creative arts, along with the research institutes, there are 13 strategic research centres, Deakin Motion. Originally built as the Dalgetys Woolstores in 1893, the buildings have been renovated to create a modern campus centre
14.
Australian rules football
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The main way to score points is by kicking the oval-shaped ball between the two tall goal posts. The team with the score by the end of the match wins unless a draw is declared. During general play, players may position themselves anywhere on the field, the primary methods are kicking, handballing and running with the ball. There are rules on how the ball can be handled, for example, throwing the ball is not allowed and players must not get caught holding the ball. A distinctive feature of the game is the mark, where players anywhere on the field who catch a ball from a kick are awarded possession, possession of the ball is in dispute at all times except when a free kick or mark is paid. Players can tackle using their hands or use their body to obstruct opponents. The game features frequent physical contests, spectacular marking, fast movement of players and the ball and high scoring. The sports origins can be traced to matches played in Melbourne, Victoria in 1858. Its annual Grand Final is the highest attended club championship event in the world, the sport is also played at amateur level in many countries and in several variations. The games rules are governed by the AFL Commission with the advice of the AFLs Laws of the Game Committee, there is evidence of football being played sporadically in the Australian colonies in the first half of the 19th century. The earliest such match, held in St Kilda on 15 June, was between Melbourne Grammar and St Kilda Grammar. Born in Australia, Wills played a nascent form of rugby football whilst a pupil at Rugby School in England and his letter is regarded by many historians as giving impetus for the development of a new code of football today known as Australian football. Two weeks later, Wills friend, cricketer Jerry Bryant, posted an advertisement for a match at the Richmond Paddock adjoining the Melbourne Cricket Ground. This was the first of several kickabouts held that year involving members of the Melbourne Cricket Club, including Wills, Bryant, W. J. Hammersley, trees were used as goalposts and play typically lasted an entire afternoon. Without an agreed code of laws, some players were guided by rules they had learned in the British Isles. Another significant milestone in 1858 was a match played under experimental rules between Melbourne Grammar and Scotch College, held at the Richmond Paddock. This 40-a-side contest, umpired by Wills and Scotch College teacher John Macadam, began on 7 August and it is commemorated with a statue outside the MCG, and the two schools have competed annually ever since in the Cordner-Eggleston Cup, the worlds oldest continuous football competition. Since the early 20th century, it has suggested that Australian football was derived from the Irish sport of Gaelic football
15.
Geelong
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Geelong is a port city located on Corio Bay and the Barwon River, in the state of Victoria, Australia,75 kilometres south-west of the state capital, Melbourne. It is the second largest Victorian city, with an urban population of 191,440 as at June 2016. Geelong runs from the plains of Lara in the north to the hills of Waurn Ponds to the south, with Corio Bay to the east. Geelong is the centre for the City of Greater Geelong municipality. Geelong was named in 1827, with the derived from the local Wathaurong Aboriginal name for the region, Jillong. The area was first surveyed in 1838, three weeks after Melbourne, the post office was open by June 1840. The first woolstore was erected in this period and it became the port for the industry of the Western District. During the gold rush, Geelong experienced a boom as the main port to the rich goldfields of the Ballarat district. The city then diversified into manufacturing, and during the 1860s, it one of the largest manufacturing centres in Australia with its wool mills, ropeworks. Population increases over the last decade were due to growth in service industries, redevelopment of the inner city has occurred since the 1990s, as well as gentrification of inner suburbs, and currently has a population growth rate higher than the national average. It is known for being home to the Geelong Football Club, today, Geelong stands as an emerging health, education and advanced manufacturing hub. The area of Geelong and the Bellarine Peninsula was originally occupied by the Wathaurong Indigenous Australian tribe, the first nonindigenous person recorded as visiting the region was Lt. John Murray, who commanded the brig HMS Lady Nelson. After anchoring outside Port Phillip Heads, on 1 February 1802, led by John Bowen, they explored the immediate area, returning to the Lady Nelson on 4 February. On reporting favourable findings, the Lady Nelson entered Port Phillip on 14 February, during this time, Murray explored the Geelong area and, whilst on the far side of the bay, claimed the entire area for Britain. He named the bay Port King, after Philip Gidley King, Governor King later renamed the bay Port Phillip after the first governor of New South Wales, Arthur Phillip. Arriving not long after Murray was Matthew Flinders, who entered Port Phillip on 27 April 1802, in October of the same year, the HMS Calcutta led by Lieutenant Colonel David Collins arrived in the bay to establish the Sullivan Bay penal colony. Collins was dissatisfied with the chosen, and sent a small party led by First Lieutenant J. H. Tuckey to investigate alternate sites. The party spent 22 October to 27 October on the shore of Corio Bay
16.
Essendon Football Club
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The Essendon Football Club is a professional Australian rules football club which plays in the Australian Football League, the sports premier competition. Formed in 1871 as a club and playing as a senior club since 1878. It is historically associated with Essendon, a suburb in the north-west of Melbourne, dyson Heppell is the current team captain. A founding member club of both the Victorian Football Association, in 1877, and the Victorian Football League, in 1896, the club claims to have over at least one million supporters Australia wide. Essendon has won 16 VFL/AFL premierships which, along with Carlton, is the most of any club in the competition, the club was founded by members of the Royal Agricultural Society, the Melbourne Hunt Club and the Victorian Woolbrokers. The Essendon Football Club is thought to have formed in 1872 at a meeting it the home of a well-known brewery family, the McCrackens, whose Ascot Vale property hosted a team of local junior players. Robert McCracken, the owner of several city hotels, was the founder and first president of the Essendon club and his son, Alex, Alex would later become president of the newly formed VFL. Alexs cousin, Collier, who had played with Melbourne, was the teams first captain. The club played its first recorded match against the Carlton second twenty on 7 June 1873, Essendon played 13 matches in its first season, winning seven, with four draws and losing two. The club was one of the junior members of the Victorian Football Association in 1877. During its early years in the Association, Essendon played its matches at Flemington Hill. In 1878, Essendon played in the first match on what would be considered by modern standards to be a field at Flemington Hill. In 1879 Essendon played Melbourne in one of the earliest night matches recorded when the ball was painted white, in 1883 the team played four matches in Adelaide. In 1891 Essendon won their first VFA premiership, which they repeated in 1892,1893 and 1894, one of the clubs greatest players, Albert Thurgood played for the club during this period. Essendon was undefeated in the 1893 season, at the end of the 1896 season Essendon along with seven other clubs formed the Victorian Football League. Essendons first VFL game was in 1897 was against Geelong at Corio Oval in Geelong, Essendon won its first VFL premiership by winning the 1897 VFL finals series. Essendon again won the premiership in 1901, defeating Collingwood in the Grand Final, the club won successive premierships in 1911 and 1912 over Collingwood and South Melbourne respectively. The nickname first appeared in print in the local North Melbourne Advertiser in 1889 and it was known firstly as Essendon Town and, after 1905, as Essendon
17.
Melbourne Football Club
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The Melbourne Football Club, nicknamed the Demons, is an Australian rules football club, playing in the Australian Football League. It is named after and based in the city of Melbourne, Victoria, Melbourne is the worlds oldest professional club of any football code. The clubs origins can be traced to an 1858 letter in which Tom Wills, captain of the Victoria cricket team, Melbourne has won 12 VFL/AFL premierships, the latest in 1964. The club celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2008 by naming 150 Heroes as well as creating a logo which appeared on its official guernsey. The football club has been a section of the Melbourne Cricket Club since 2009. In the winter and spring of 1858, an organised football team known as Melbourne played in a series of scratch matches in the parklands outside the Melbourne Cricket Ground. Other figures associated with this embryonic Melbourne side include cricketers Jerry Bryant, William Hammersley, Thompson, and teacher Thomas H. Smith. During meetings held on 17 and 21 May 1859, Wills, Hammersley, Thompson and Smith met near the MCG at the Parade Hotel, owned by Bryant, the resulting ten codified rules are the laws from which Australian rules football evolved. The first mention of a match played under the new code was between Melbourne and South Yarra in July 1859, with Hammersley as Melbournes inaugural captain. In 1861, Melbourne participated in the Caledonian Societys Challenge Cup, the club pushed for its rules to be the accepted rules, however many of the early suburban matches were played under compromised rules decided between the captains of the competing clubs. By 1866 several other clubs had adopted an updated version of Melbournes rules, drafted at a meeting chaired by Wills cousin. Harrison was a key figure in the years of the club, he often served as captain and, in later years. Due to his reputation and administrative efforts, he was officially named Father of Australian Football in 1908. During the 1870s, Melbourne fielded teams in the Seven Twenties, after a visit to England by one of the clubs officials, the colours of red and green were officially adopted by the club. Shortly following, the club wearing a predominately red strip. The name Redlegs was coined after a Melbourne official returned from a trip to England with one set of red, Melbourne wore the red set while the blue set were, allegedly, given to the Carlton Football Club. This may be the source of Carltons nickname, The Blueboys, in 1877, the club became a foundation member of the Victorian Football Association. During the same year the took part in the first interstate football match involving a South Australian side, Victorian
18.
Victorian Football League
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The Victorian Football League is the major state-level Australian rules football league in Victoria. The league evolved from the former Victorian Football Association, and has been known by its current name since 1996. The VFA was formed in 1877 and is the second-oldest Australian rules football league, initially serving a primarily administrative function, the VFA premiership served as the top level of club competition in Victoria until 1896. The VFA became the level of club competition from 1897 after its eight strongest clubs seceded to form the VFL. From 1897 until 1995, the VFA remained independent from the VFL as Victorias secondary senior club competition and it presently comprises 14 teams from throughout Victoria, eight of which have a continuous VFA heritage. The Victorian Football Association was founded on 17 May 1877 at the meeting of club secretaries immediately preceding the 1877 season. Decisions were made based on a vote of the Board of Management, the five foundation senior clubs in the Melbourne metropolitan area were Albert-park, Carlton, Hotham, Melbourne and St Kilda. There was no system of promotion and relegation between the senior and junior levels, with it largely at a clubs discretion whether or not it joined the Association as a paying senior member. The affiliation fee for senior clubs was initially set at one guinea, through the first decade of the VFAs existence, the structure of the football season did not change significantly from the informal system which had evolved over previous years. Premierships won under this method are now considered official. Three Ballarat-based clubs – Ballarat, Ballarat Imperial and South Ballarat – were also voting members of the VFA through this time, the two new competitions competed in parallel from their respective 1897 seasons. Because the VFA was independent from the VFL, the VFA had the power to set its own rules, the VFA reduced the number of on-field players from twenty to eighteen in 1897, a move followed by the VFL two years later. The VFA tried reducing the number of players further to 17 in 1908, then to 16 in 1912, the VFA went into recess during World War I, with the 1916 and 1917 seasons cancelled and the 1915 and 1918 seasons shortened. Over first thirty years of the VFAs independence, its relationship with the VFL was, in general, the loss of the VFAs strongest three clubs to the VFL in 1925 firmly cemented the VFA as the second tier competition in the state. Between 1925 and 1929, the addition of outer suburban clubs in Coburg, Camberwell, the relationship with the VFL improved, and a new permit reciprocity agreement was established in 1931. In 1938, the VFA made a rule change by legalising throwing of the football in general play. The change helped to speed up the game, and introduced more run-and-carry play in an era which had previously dominated by a long-kicking style. Additionally, the VFA ended its agreement with the VFL
19.
Guernsey (clothing)
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A guernsey, or gansey, is a seamans knitted woollen sweater, similar to a jersey, which originated in the Channel Island of the same name, sometimes known as a knit-frock in Cornwall. Peter Heylin described the manufacture and export of waste-cotes during the reign of Charles I, the first use of the name guernsey outside of the island is in the 1851 Oxford Dictionary, but the garment was in use in the bailiwick before that. The guernsey came into being as a garment for fishermen who required a warm, hard wearing, yet comfortable item of clothing that would resist the sea spray. The hard twist given to the tightly packed wool fibres in the spinning process, the guernsey was traditionally knitted by the fishermens wives and the pattern passed down from mother to daughter through the generations. While commercially available sweaters are machine knit, the finishing of these machine-knit parts is completed by hand. Whilst the classic guernsey pattern remained plain, the patterns used became more complex the further north the garment spread. Mary Wright argues that the use and wearing of guernseys throughout the British Isles for over a century, a guernsey from the Folk Museum Guernsey was included in the 2010 BBC project A History of the World in 100 Objects. The term can refer to a similarly-shaped garment made of woven cloth. There are a number of different names for the garments, for instance Guernsey frock, Guernsey shirt, smock-frock. Essentially these are all the garment, with the materials varying based on the purpose for which it is worn. Two styles of guernsey exist, a plain working guernsey and an example that was generally saved for special occasions. Traditionally, Ganseys were seamless and worked in the using the circular knitting method. The working guernsey design was simpler in order to reduce the amount of time. The sale of knitted garments to supplement family income was important to many island families and it is estimated that a total of 84 hours was needed to complete a guernsey, a simpler design could be produced faster than a more elaborate one. The guernsey that is produced on the island retains much of the original design. As a working garment, the gussets under the arm and at the neck are for ease of movement, twenty-four principal patterns have been identified in Cornwall alone, each one again drawing inspiration from ropes, chains, waves, nets and sand-prints. With the advent of the machine-knitted guernsey and the decline in the knitting industry, the guernseys tightly knitted fibres and its square shape, with a straight neck so that it could be reversed, make it a particularly hardy item of clothing. It is not uncommon for a guernsey to last several decades, guernseys knitted for children were knitted to be grown into and often came down to the knee
20.
Black cat
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A black cat is a domestic cat with black fur that may be a mixed or specific breed. The Cat Fanciers Association recognizes 22 cat breeds that can come with black coats. The Bombay breed is exclusively black, all-black fur pigmentation is slightly more prevalent in male cats than female cats. Their high melanin pigment content causes most black cats to have yellow eyes, any cat whose fur is a single color, including black, is known as a solid or self. A solid black cat may be black, grayish black. Most solid-colored cats result from a gene that suppresses the tabby pattern. Sometimes the tabby pattern is not completely suppressed, faint markings may appear in certain lights, a cat having black fur with white roots is known as a black smoke. Black cats can also rust in sunlight, the coat turning a lighter brownish shade, in addition to the Bombay, the Cat Fanciers Association allows solid black as a color option in 21 other breeds. The color description for those breeds is, Black, dense coal black, free from any tinge of rust on the tips. The exceptions are, Oriental – Ebony, dense coal black, free from any tinge of rust on tips or smoke undercoat. One level tone from nose to tip of tail, the folklore surrounding black cats varies from culture to culture. The Scots believe that a strange black cats arrival to the home signifies prosperity, in Celtic mythology, a fairy known as the Cat Sìth takes the form of a black cat. Black cats are considered good luck in the rest of Britain. Furthermore, it is believed that a lady who owns a cat will have many suitors. In Western history, black cats have often looked upon as a symbol of evil omens, specifically being suspected of being the familiars of witches. Most of Europe considers the cat a symbol of bad luck, particularly if one walks across the path in front of a person. In Germany, some believe that black cats crossing a path from right to left, is a bad omen. But from left to right, the cat is granting favorable times, in the United Kingdom it is commonly considered that a black cat crossing a persons path is a good omen
21.
History of the Geelong Football Club
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The Geelong Football Club, nicknamed The Cats, is a professional Australian rules football club based in the city of Geelong, Australia and playing in the Australian Football League. The Cats have been the VFL/AFL premiers nine times, with three in the AFL era and they have also won nine McClelland Trophies, a record shared with Essendon. The club was formed in 1859, making it the second oldest club in the AFL after Melbourne and one of the oldest football clubs in the world. Geelong participated in the first football competition in Australia and was a club of both the Victorian Football Association in 1877 and the Victorian Football League in 1897. The club established itself in the VFL by winning six premierships up to 1963, the club won a further two premierships in 2009 and 2011. The Geelong Football Club was formally established at a meeting held in the Victoria Hotel on 18 July 1859, the club is one of the oldest football clubs in the world, however, many of its official records before 1920 have disappeared. Geelong travelled to Melbourne to become the winner of the Caledonian Challenge Cup in 1863. Geelongs George Reynolds Rippon kicked the goal to defeat Melbourne to take the cup. Tom Wills, one of the founders of Australian football, played exclusively for Geelong from 1865 until his retirement from football in 1874, as Geelongs captain, he pioneered the Australian football tactic of flooding. Geelong played most of its home games at the Argyle Square. However, in 1881 the club was evicted from the ground by the owner who ploughed up the paddock because the club had neglected to pay its rent. Geelong moved to Corio Oval for the 1878 season – the year the club won its first VFA premiership in only the second VFA season. The Geelong Football Club was among the most powerful in the VFA, Geelong was the only non-Melbourne-based team at a time when a trip from Geelong to Melbourne involved quite an arduous journey. Notable was Geelongs success in The Match of the Century in 1886 and this first grand final in the VFA between two previously undefeated teams, Geelong and South Melbourne, stimulated unprecedented public interest. It was alleged that saboteurs attempted to destroy one of the trains carrying Geelong supporters to the match in South Melbourne. The victorious Geelong team were treated to a public parade in the enemy territory of South Melbourne. Geelong helped form the new VFL with other clubs, Carlton, Collingwood, Essendon, Fitzroy, Melbourne, South Melbourne. For many years the Geelong Football Club were known as the Pivotonians, seagulls was also an earlier nickname
22.
Corio Bay
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The Corio Bay is one of numerous bays in the southwest corner of Australias Port Phillip, and is the bay on which abuts the City of Geelong. The nearby suburb of Corio takes its name from Corio Bay, the names Corayo and Jillong had since been Anglicised to Corio and Geelong. The Port of Geelong is located on the shores of Corio Bay, before the initial settlement of Geelong, a sandbar across the bay from Point Lillias to Point Henry prevented ships from entering the inner harbour. Ships were required to anchor in the bay, and cargo was brought into Geelong on small barges. At times it was possible to walk across the bay on the sandbar at low tide, the first channel through the sandbar was started in 1853, providing less than 4 metres draught for ships. This channel was straightened out and dredged at a depth of 6 metres in the 1860s, in 1881 a new channel started that took 12 years to complete. It was named the Hopetoun Channel after Lord Hopetoun who opened it on December 20,1893, management of the channels and port was the responsibility of the Geelong Harbour Trust that was formed in December 1905. In 1981, the Port of Geelong Authority took over from the trust, the authority was privatised by the State Government in mid 1996, being sold to TNT Logistics for $49.6 million. It was later re-branded as GeelongPort, the shores of Corio Bay have been a popular playground for Geelong residents. Since the 1930s Eastern Beach has been a swimming location. Boating is also popular, with a number of boat ramps. The bay is also the home of the Royal Geelong Yacht Club that was established in 1859, sometimes, whales and dolphins can be seen in the bay. Eastern Beach Waterfront Geelong Limeburners Bay Timeline of Geelong history Freedom bay cruise, Corio bay
23.
Toreador Song
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The Toreador Song is the popular name for the aria Votre toast, je peux vous le rendre from the opera Carmen, composed by Georges Bizet to a libretto by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy. It is sung by the bullfighter Escamillo as he enters in act 2 and describes situations in the bullring, the cheering of the crowds. The refrain, Toréador, en garde, forms the part of the prelude to act 1 of Carmen. The Bass-baritone couplet has a range from A3 to F4. Its time signature is common time, its key is F minor with the refrain in F major, the tempo indication is allegro molto moderato, =108. Frasquita, Mercédès, Carmen, Moralès, Zuniga and the join for the repeat of the refrain. Toreador Song on YouTube, Opera Company of Philadelphia at Reading Terminal Market in 2011 French text and translation
24.
Carmen
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Carmen is an opera in four acts by French composer Georges Bizet. The libretto was written by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy, based on a novella of the title by Prosper Mérimée. The opera was first performed at the Opéra-Comique in Paris on 3 March 1875, Bizet died suddenly after the 33rd performance, unaware that the work would achieve international acclaim within the following ten years. The opera is written in the genre of opéra comique with musical numbers separated by dialogue and it is set in southern Spain and tells the story of the downfall of Don José, a naïve soldier who is seduced by the wiles of the fiery gypsy Carmen. José abandons his sweetheart and deserts from his military duties, yet loses Carmens love to the glamorous toreador Escamillo. The depictions of life, immorality, and lawlessness. After the premiere, most reviews were critical, and the French public was generally indifferent, Carmen initially gained its reputation through a series of productions outside France, and was not revived in Paris until 1883, thereafter it rapidly acquired popularity at home and abroad. Later commentators have asserted that Carmen forms the bridge between the tradition of opéra comique and the realism or verismo that characterised late 19th-century Italian opera. The opera has been recorded many times since the first acoustical recording in 1908, in the Paris of the 1860s, despite being a Prix de Rome laureate, Bizet struggled to get his stage works performed. The capitals two main state-funded opera houses—the Opéra and the Opéra-Comique—followed conservative repertoires that restricted opportunities for young native talent, Bizet was delighted with the Opéra-Comique commission, and expressed to his friend Edmund Galabert his satisfaction in the absolute certainty of having found my path. It was Bizet who first proposed an adaptation of Prosper Mérimées novella Carmen, Bizet may first have encountered the story during his Rome sojourn of 1858–60, since his journals record Mérimée as one of the writers whose works he absorbed in those years. Cast details are as provided by Mina Curtiss from the original piano, the stage designs are credited to Charles Ponchard. Place, Seville, Spain, and surrounding hills Time, Around 1820 Act 1 A square, on the right, a door to the tobacco factory. A group of soldiers relax in the square, waiting for the changing of the guard, moralès tells her that José is not yet on duty and invites her to wait with them. She declines, saying she will return later, José arrives with the new guard, which is greeted and imitated by a crowd of urchins. As the factory bell rings, the cigarette girls emerge and exchange banter with young men in the crowd, Carmen enters and sings her provocative habanera on the untameable nature of love. The men plead with her to choose a lover, and after some teasing she throws a flower to Don José, as the women go back to the factory, Micaëla returns and gives José a letter and a kiss from his mother. He reads that his mother wants him to home and marry Micaëla
25.
John K. Watts
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John Albert Watts is a retired Australian rules football player and former radio broadcaster and television personality. John Watts was born on 21 January 1937 in Perth, Western Australia to Western Australia Police Superintendent James Albert Watts and he grew up in the Maylands area and attended Maylands State School. After graduating from school, he went to work as a carpenter and joiner, later gaining a trade qualification in his mid-teenage years. Upon reaching minimum recruitment age, John Watts joined the Western Australia Police after successfully graduating from the WA Police Academy, John would serve in the Western Australia Police alongside many family members including his Father, Uncles and cousins. To date, the Watts family remains one of longest and largest serving Police families in Australia, John resigned from the Western Australia Police when he moved to Geelong, Victoria to play for the Geelong Football Club. John Watts love of Australian rules football came at an age when he would take the tram with his grandfather to Perth Oval to see East Perth Football Club play. With his dream of one day playing league football with his favourite club firmly in his mind and it was during these years he worked on developing his skills as a footballer to be selected at the professional level. He was soon noticed and at a young age was selected to play in the Junior Reserves for his beloved East Perth Football Club, under Coach Jack Sheedys guidance East Perth Football Club quickly became the outstanding side in the competition. East Perth made the Grand Final and won in 1956,1958 and 1959, John Watts ended up playing 166 games as East Perths primary fullback from 1954-1962. After the 1962 season had finished with East Perth Football Club, John received many offers from the then Victorian Football League clubs of St Kilda, Essendon. Initially, John wanted to and was selected to play for Essendon. He went on to play for Geelong Football Club from 1963 until 1965 including their 1963 Premiership win over the Hawthorn Football Club, a Premiership win that Geelong Football Club would not win again until 44 years later in 2007. The club theme song is played today at all home games, away games won. In 1966, Watts moved to Tasmania to Captain/Coach the Hobart Football Club, in his first year in this role he led them to a premiership. This success would make him the only Australian rules football player to have played in three sides, for three different teams, in three different states. He retired from playing football in 1968, although a highly respected player, he is possibly best remembered for his off-field antics, and could be described as the epitome of a club man. He was always found at all the social events entertaining everyone with his stand up routine or belting out a tune on the piano. Both these qualities would prove beneficial in his later career and it was during these events that he wrote several club anthems
26.
Kennett curse
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Geelong and Hawthorn contested the 2008 AFL Grand Final. Ahead of the teams first round meeting at the start of the 2009 season, what they dont have, I think, is the quality of some of our players, they dont have the psychological drive we have. Weve beaten Geelong when it matters, additionally, following the upset Grand Final loss, Geelong players made a private pact, which was later made public by Paul Chapman, to never again lose to Hawthorn. Following Kennetts comments, Geelong won the match in Round 1,2009, and proceeded to defeat Hawthorn in eleven successive matches, a run that included a number of remarkable games. Kennetts demeaning comments in 2009 came to be seen as the event of a curse on Hawthorn, dubbed by fans. Kennett himself said in 2013 that while he was not proud of what he had said, the curse ended when Hawthorn defeated Geelong in the 2013 First Preliminary Final, after Kennetts reign as Hawthorn president had ended, knocking Geelong out of the finals. Over the period of the curse, the rivalry between the clubs remained strong, the Cats 11-match winning streak against the Hawks is the longest by any team following a VFL/AFL Grand Final loss to their opponent. Interestingly, Paul Chapman missed the final due to suspension. He was then traded to Essendon at the end of the season
27.
1989 VFL Grand Final
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It was the 93rd annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1989 VFL season. The match, attended by 94,796 spectators, was won by Hawthorn by a margin of 6 points and it is regarded as one of the greatest Grand Finals of all time. At the conclusion of the regular season, Hawthorn had finished on top of the ladder with 19 wins and 3 losses. Geelong had finished third with 16 wins and 6 losses, Hawthorn had a much easier run, defeating Essendon in the Second Semi-Final to advance straight to the Grand Final. In the week leading up to the Grand Final, Geelongs Paul Couch was awarded the Brownlow Medal, the Grand Final was played in near perfect conditions. Geelong made their intentions clear right from the start when Mark Yeates ran through Hawthorns champion centre half-forward, Yeates was chosen to carry out the deed, partly as payback for when Brereton had flattened him in the classic Round 6 clash earlier in the season. Amidst the chaos in the middle of the ground, the Cats rushed the ball forward to Gary Ablett, Yeates hit left Brereton with broken ribs and a bruised kidney, which caused him internal bleeding. Hawthorn physiotherapist Barry Gavin recalled the years later, The thing that really struck me was how bad he was when I got there. Hed lost all the colour in his face and was vomiting, hed dragged himself back on his feet by this stage. But he was doubled over, dry-retching and his colour was grey, there was no way he could stay out there. I remember looking up at in the box and starting to try to get him off, just get me down to the pocket. He was more worried than me and he recognised the gravity of it. Despite the insistence of the doctors and trainers, Brereton refused to leave the field. Moments later, the ball came into Hawthorns attacking zone, Brereton, only moments ago on the ground and seemingly out of the game, took a strong mark, steadied, and kicked truly to open Hawthorns account. Breretons inspirational act lifted the Hawks, and they slammed on a seven goals to take a commanding 40-point lead at quarter time. However, Geelongs physical approach was starting to take its toll, geelong captain and ruckman Damian Bourke was replaced by Darren Flanigan in the second quarter, and began to have an immediate impact in the ruck contests. Scott Maginness, Abletts opponent up to point, was moved onto Billy Brownless while Chris Langford was assigned to mind Ablett for the rest of the game. Jason Dunstall, Dean Anderson and Gary Buckenara each kicked four goals for the Hawks, Abletts nine goals equaled the record for most goals kicked tying Gordon Coventrys overall record of goals in a Grand Final set in the 1928 VFL Grand Final
28.
2008 AFL Grand Final
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It was the 112th annual Grand Final of the Australian Football League, staged to determine the Premiers for the 2008 AFL season. The game was the third Grand Final meeting between the two teams in their history, having previously contested in the 1963 and 1989 VFL Grand Finals. The 2008 Grand Final was the first Grand Final contested by two Victorian-based teams since Essendon and Melbourne met in 2000 and it was attended by 100,012 spectators, the first crowd to exceed 100,000 for a VFL/AFL game since the 1986 VFL Grand Final. Geelong entered the match as the favourites to win, however, Hawthorn won by 26 points, earning its 10th Premiership and they were convincing 58-point winners in their Qualifying Final against St Kilda, earning them a weeks rest and a home Preliminary Final. They then defeated the Western Bulldogs by 27 points to qualify for the Grand Final, leading up to the Grand Final Geelong had won its past fifteen games. Hawthorn won its first nine games of the season, and sat atop the AFL ladder at Round 11. They began to lose a few games towards the end of the season and they convincingly beat the Western Bulldogs by 51 points in their Qualifying Final, which earned them a weeks rest and home Preliminary Final, in which they beat St Kilda by 54 points. Hawthorn had won four games in a row leading into the Grand Final and it was the teams first appearance in a Grand Final since winning the 1991 AFL Grand Final. The two teams had met once during the season, in a Friday night game in Round 17. Geelong was missing defending and eventual Leigh Matthews Trophy winner Gary Ablett, Jr. Geelong was the warm favourite to win the Grand Final, with Hawthorn attracting odds of $3.05 for the win at the opening bounce. It was a highly anticipated Grand Final, eliciting memories of the classic 1989 VFL Grand Final played between the same teams, the 2008 decider was telecast by the Seven Network, its first Grand Final telecast since 2001. Included a live performance by Powderfinger of their hit On My Mind, interspersed with a rendition of the AC/DC classic, Its a Long Way to the Top, ian Moss also performed lead guitar notes to the tune of Up There Cazaly. The Australian National Anthem Advance Australia Fair was performed by Amanda Harrison and Lucy Durack, the Grand Final was played in warm conditions under sunny skies at the Melbourne Cricket Ground with conditions reaching 27 °C. The first goal of the game was scored by Geelongs Tom Lonergan from a mark, the Hawks opened up a thirteen-point lead with goals from Chance Bateman on the run, Xavier Ellis from a set shot and Jarryd Roughead along the ground from an acute angle. Hawthorn started conceding goals through free kicks, first to Gary Ablett, Jr. then to Max Rooke, Geelong began to completely control play in the midfield, winning the stoppages easily and providing their forwards with plenty of opportunities which they wasted.9. Meanwhile, Hawthorn scored 3.1 for the quarter, with goals to Cyril Rioli, Mark Williams, Hawthorn defender Trent Croad left the field midway through the second quarter with a broken foot. Midfielder Sam Mitchell was reported for making forceful front-on contact on Ablett, Geelong captain Tom Harley was concussed because of a clash of heads with Hawthorns Williams and he left the ground. The same trends continued into the third quarter, with Geelong winning in the midfield
29.
Jeff Kennett
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Jeffrey Gibb Kennett AC is a former Australian politician who was the 43rd Premier of Victoria between 1992 and 1999 and a current media commentator. He was the President of Hawthorn Football Club from 2005 -2011 and he is the founding Chairman of beyondblue, a national organisation working to reduce the impact of depression and anxiety in the community. Kennett was born in Melbourne on 2 March 1948, and educated at Scotch College, Kennett was an unexceptional student academically, but did well in Scotchs Cadet Corps Unit. His failure to rise above the middle band academically almost led him to school in Fourth Form. His Fifth and Sixth Forms were an improvement, but he was described in school reports as confident. Sometimes works hard, and keen, pleasant, though sometimes erratic boy, after leaving school, Kennett was persuaded by his father Ken to attend the Australian National University in Canberra, but lost interest and left after one year of an economics degree. He returned to Melbourne and found work in the department of the retail giant Myer – kindling an interest for advertising that would one day earn him his living. Kennetts life in the workforce was cut short when, in 1968. Kennett was singled out as officer material early in his career and he was posted to Malaysia and Singapore as Second Lieutenant, commander of 1st Platoon, A Company, 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment. This military career has been noted by biographers as an essential formative influence on the adult Kennetts character. His sense and regard for hierarchical loyalty, punctuality, and general intolerance of dissent or disobedience may be traced to this period, Kennett returned to civilian life in 1970, reentering a divided Australian society, split by the Vietnam War, of which Kennett was a firm supporter. Having returned to Myer, Kennett became impatient with his work, thereafter, in December 1972, Kennett married Felicity Kellar, an old friend whom he had first met on a Number 7 tram on the long trips to school. Their first son, Ed, was born in 1974, followed by a daughter Amy, interested in local politics since the early 1970s, Kennett was elected as a Liberal Member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly for Burwood in 1976. His preselection for the seat reportedly irritated then Premier Dick Hamer, who disliked Kennetts campaigning style, entering Hamers government, Kennett was soon appointed Minister for Housing, Immigration and Ethnic Affairs in 1981. He retained this post when Hamer was replaced as Liberal leader and Premier by Lindsay Thompson in June of that year and he was an aggressive Leader of the Opposition, and was criticised for his bull-in-a-china-shop style and his anti-government rhetoric. Under his leadership, the Liberals were heavily defeated by Labor in Victorian state election,1985, soon afterward, he faced a challenge to his leadership of the party from Ian Smith. Kennett survived easily, but increasingly, he was seen as an erratic and he faced two more challenges to his leadership in 1986 and 1987 respectively. In 1987, in one notable incident Kennett referred to the Federal Liberal leader John Howard using colourful language in a telephone conversation with Howard rival Andrew Peacock
30.
Greater Western Sydney Giants
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The Greater Western Sydney Giants, nicknamed the GWS Giants or just Giants, is an Australian rules football club which plays in the Australian Football League. Representing the Greater Western Sydney area and Canberra, the club is based at the Tom Wills Oval in Sydney Olympic Park, the teams primary home ground is Spotless Stadium in Sydney Olympic Park. Four games a year are played at Manuka Oval in Canberra as part of a deal with the government of the Australian Capital Territory. A reserve team, the Western Sydney University Giants, participates in the North East Australian Football League, the reserve team was renamed in 2016 to reflect the rebranding of the university from University of Western Sydney. A netball team, Giants Netball, operated by the club, the commercial club entity itself is a 100% wholly owned subsidiary of the AFL Commission. The idea of an AFL team from western Sydney originated from the AFLs plans in 1999 to make the North Melbourne Football Club Sydneys second team. The AFL was buoyed when it gained the support of then NSW premier Morris Iemma in late 2006, and the league became a partner in the Blacktown sporting facility in Rooty Hill, New South Wales. The facility was announced as the new base for its team out of western Sydney in 2007. In January 2008, the AFL officially registered the business name Western Sydney Football Club Ltd with ASIC, the Sydney Celtics plan was first put to AFL chief executive Andrew Demetriou in early 2007 by Gaelic Players Association executive Donal ONeill. It was said that the proposal originated at the International Rules series in Ireland in late 2006 when ONeill put forward a plan to purchase an AFL licence in Sydney, however, the idea never materialised and the AFL has since stated that this was never a serious option. In March 2008, the AFL won the support of the leagues 16 club presidents to establish a side in Western Sydney. The Western Sydney working party devising player rules and draft concessions for the second Sydney team met on 22 July 2008, during 2008, the AFL Commission, whose agenda was to make a final decision on the Western Sydney Football Club, delayed it on multiple occasions. During the same year, in November, the AFL announced a A$100 million venture for a stadium at the Sydney Showground. After a third meeting in Sydney in November, the AFL cited the Economic crisis of 2008 as being a key factor in the delays, an Australian Senate enquiry into the Tasmanian AFL Bid concluded that Sydney had insurmountable cultural barriers to the establishment of a second AFL team. In May 2009, AIS/AFL Academy coach Alan McConnell was appointed as the high performance manager. McConnell was the first full-time appointment for GWS and his new role commenced on 1 July 2009, Kevin Sheedy was appointed inaugural coach in November 2009, signing a three-year contract. His role commenced on 2 February 2010 and his first senior assistant coach was former premiership coach of Port Adelaide, Mark Williams. Williams left the role at the conclusion of 2012, in order to become a development coach at the Richmond Tigers
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