Gemara
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The Gemara comprises a collection of rabbinical analyses and commentaries on the Mishnah presented in 63 books. The term is derived from the Aramaic word גמרא and rooted in the Semitic word ג-מ-ר, wh
The first text page of tractate Rosh Hashanah. The center column contains the Talmud text, beginning with a section of Mishnah. The Gemara begins 8 lines down with the abbreviation 'גמ (gimmel-mem). Mishnah and Gemara sections alternate throughout the Talmud text. The large blocks of text on either side are the Tosafot and Rashi commentaries. Other notes and cross references are in the margins.
Members of Kvutzat Rodges studying the Gemara (June 1, 1935)
Gemara students in chavrusa recording their summary of each sugya alongside its Mishnah (using the Mishnah Sdura edition)
"Theologisch debat" (Eduard Frankfort, c. 1900), depicting a chavrusa debating a sugya
Tosefta
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The Tosefta is a compilation of Jewish Oral Law from the late second century CE, the period of the Mishnah and the Jewish sages known as the Tannaim.
Mosaic of Rehob (3rd–6th century CE), quoting a baraita which also appears in the Tosefta (Shviit 4)
Adolf Behrman Talmudysci