Gemara
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The Gemara comprises a collection of rabbinical analyses and commentaries on the Mishnah presented in 63 books. The term is derived from the Aramaic word גמרא and rooted in the Semitic word ג-מ-ר, whi
The first text page of tractate Rosh Hashanah. The center column contains the Talmud text, beginning with a section of Mishnah. The Gemara begins 8 lines down with the abbreviation 'גמ (gimmel-mem). Mishnah and Gemara sections alternate throughout the Talmud text. The large blocks of text on either side are the Tosafot and Rashi commentaries. Other notes and cross references are in the margins.
Members of Kvutzat Rodges studying the Gemara (June 1, 1935)
Gemara students in chavrusa recording their summary of each sugya alongside its Mishnah (using the Mishnah Sdura edition)
"Theologisch debat" (Eduard Frankfort, c. 1900), depicting a chavrusa debating a sugya
Jerusalem Talmud
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The Jerusalem Talmud, also known as the Talmud of the Land of Israel or Palestinian Talmud, is a collection of rabbinic commentary on the Mishnah, a codification of Jewish oral traditions believed to
Gemara
…in a series of books, which would come to be known as the Gemara. There are two versions of the Talmud: the Babylonian Talmud (Talmud Bavli) and the Jerusalem Talmud (Talmud Yerushalmi). The Mishnah is virtually the same in two Talmuds; the Gemara is what differentiates the Babylonian Talmud from its Jerusalem…
A page of a medieval Jerusalem Talmud manuscript, from the Cairo Geniza.
Mosaic of Rehob (3rd–6th century CE), quoting a baraita which also appears in the Jerusalem Talmud (Shviit 6:1)
Adolf Behrman Talmudysci