Genetically modified mouse
A genetically modified mouse or genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) is a mouse that has had its genome altered through the use of genetic engineering techniques. Genetically modified mice are commonly used for research or as animal models of human diseases and are also used for research on genes. Together with patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), GEMMs are the most common in vivo models in cancer research. Both approaches are considered complementary and may be used to recapitulate different aspects of disease. GEMMs are also of great interest for drug development, as they facilitate target validation and the study of response, resistance, toxicity and pharmacodynamics.
The genetically modified mouse in which a gene affecting hair growth has been knocked out (left) shown next to a normal lab mouse
Transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein, which glows green under blue light. The central mouse is wild-type.
Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the modification and manipulation of an organism's genes using technology. It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms.
In 1974 Rudolf Jaenisch created a genetically modified mouse, the first GM animal.
Polymerase chain reaction is a powerful tool used in molecular cloning.
A gene gun uses biolistics to insert DNA into plant tissue.
