The German revolutions of 1848–1849, the opening phase of which was also called the March Revolution, were initially part of the Revolutions of 1848 that broke out in many European countries. They wer
Origin of the Flag of Germany: Cheering revolutionaries in Berlin, Berlin Palace in the background, on 19 March 1848
The painting Germania, possibly by Philipp Veit, hung inside the Frankfurt parliament, the first national parliament in German history
Vienna Uprising, October 1848
The Battle of Kirchheimbolanden, 14 June 1849
Unification of Germany
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The Unification of Germany was a process of building the first nation-state for Germans with federal features based on the concept of Lesser Germany. It commenced on 18 August 1866 with the adoption o
The Battle of the Nations monument, erected for the centennial in 1913, honors the efforts of the German people in the victory over Napoleon.
In October, 1817, approximately 500 students rallied at Wartburg Castle, where Martin Luther had sought refuge over three centuries earlier, to demonstrate in favor of national unification. Wartburg was chosen for its symbolic connection to German national character. Contemporary colored wood engraving
Pro-nationalist participants march to the ruins of Hambach Castle in 1832. Students and some professionals, and their spouses, predominated. They carried the flag of the underground Burschenschaft, which later became the basis of the flag of modern Germany.
A German caricature mocking the Carlsbad Decrees, which suppressed freedom of expression