Gestalt psychology, gestaltism, or configurationism is a school of psychology and a theory of perception that emphasises the processing of entire patterns and configurations, and not merely individual components. It emerged in the early twentieth century in Austria and Germany as a rejection of basic principles of Wilhelm Wundt's and Edward Titchener's elementalist and structuralist psychology.
Invariance
Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt was a German physiologist, philosopher, and professor, one of the fathers of modern psychology. Wundt, who distinguished psychology as a science from philosophy and biology, was the first person ever to call himself a psychologist.
Wundt in 1902
Wilhelm Wundt (seated) with colleagues in his psychological laboratory, the first of its kind
Wundt's gravestone
(Wundt, Grundzüge, 1903, 5th ed. Vol. 1, p. 324.)