Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg was fought July 1–3,1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War. The battle involved the largest number of casualties of the war and is often described as the wars turning point. Union Maj. Gen. George Meades Army of the Potomac defeated attacks by Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lees Army of Northern Virginia, ending Lees attempt to invade the North. After his success at Chancellorsville in Virginia in May 1863, Lee led his army through the Shenandoah Valley to begin his second invasion of the North—the Gettysburg Campaign. Prodded by President Abraham Lincoln, Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker moved his army in pursuit, but was relieved of command just three days before the battle and replaced by Meade. Elements of the two armies collided at Gettysburg on July 1,1863, as Lee urgently concentrated his forces there, his objective being to engage the Union army. Low ridges to the northwest of town were defended initially by a Union cavalry division under Brig.
Gen. John Buford, on the second day of battle, most of both armies had assembled. The Union line was out in a defensive formation resembling a fishhook. In the late afternoon of July 2, Lee launched an assault on the Union left flank, and fierce fighting raged at Little Round Top, the Wheatfield, Devils Den. On the Union right, Confederate demonstrations escalated into full-scale assaults on Culps Hill, all across the battlefield, despite significant losses, the Union defenders held their lines. The charge was repulsed by Union rifle and artillery fire, at great loss to the Confederate army, Lee led his army on a torturous retreat back to Virginia. Between 46,000 and 51,000 soldiers from both armies were casualties in the battle, the most costly in US history. Shortly after the Army of Northern Virginia won a victory over the Army of the Potomac at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Such a move would upset U. S. plans for the campaigning season. The invasion would allow the Confederates to live off the bounty of the rich Northern farms while giving war-ravaged Virginia a much-needed rest, in addition, Lees 72, 000-man army could threaten Philadelphia and Washington, and possibly strengthen the growing peace movement in the North.
Thus, on June 3, Lees army began to shift northward from Fredericksburg, the Cavalry Division remained under the command of Maj. Gen. J. E. B. The Union Army of the Potomac, under Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, consisted of seven corps, a cavalry corps. The first major action of the campaign took place on June 9 between cavalry forces at Brandy Station, near Culpeper, Virginia
Heritage Documentation Programs
These programs were established to document historic places in the United States. Records consist of measured drawings, archival photographs, and written reports, in 1933, NPS established the Historic American Buildings Survey following a proposal by Charles E. Peterson, a young landscape architect in the agency. It was founded as a constructive program for architects, draftsmen. Guided by field instructions from Washington, D. C. the first HABS recorders were tasked with documenting a representative sampling of Americas architectural heritage, by creating an archive of historic architecture, HABS provided a database of primary source material and documentation for the then-fledgling historic preservation movement. Earlier private projects included the White Pine Series of Architectural Monographs, notable HABS photographers include Jack Boucher, who worked for the project for over 40 years. The Historic American Engineering Record program was founded on January 10,1969, by NPS, HAER documents historic mechanical and engineering artifacts.
Since the advent of HAER, the program is typically called HABS/HAER. Today much of the work of HABS/HAER is done by student teams during the summer, eric DeLony headed HAER from 1971 to 2003. In October 2000, NPS and the American Society of Landscape Architects established a sister program, a predecessor, the Historic American Landscape and Garden Project, recorded historic Massachusetts gardens between 1935 and 1940. That project was funded by the Works Progress Administration, but was administered by HABS, the permanent collection of HABS/HAER/HALS are housed at the Library of Congress, which was established in 1790 as the replacement reference library of the United States Congress. It has since expanded to serve as the National Library of the United States, U. S. publishers are required to deposit a copy of every copyrighted and published work, book monograph. As a branch of the United States Government, its works are in the public domain in the US. Many images and documents are available through the Prints and Photographs Online Catalog, including proposed and existing structures, locales and designs.
Jack Boucher, former HABS/HAER photographer Jet Lowe, former HAER photographer National Register of Historic Places HAER,30 Years of Recording Our Technological Heritage, IA, The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology. Documenting Complexity, The Historic American Engineering Record and Americas Technological History, IA, The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology. National Park Service−NPS, official Heritage Documentation Programs website
Andrew Gregg Curtin
Andrew Gregg Curtin was a U. S. lawyer and politician. He served as the Governor of Pennsylvania during the Civil War, Curtin was born in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania. Sources vary as to his birth date, some list April 22,1815, others list April 22,1817. Cutins gravestone uses the 1815 date and his parents were Roland Curtin, Sr. a wealthy Irish-born iron manufacturer from County Clare, and Jane Curtin, the daughter of U. S. His father, with Miles Boggs, established the Eagle Ironworks at Curtin Village in 1810 and he attended Bellefonte Academy and Dickinson College and the Dickinson School of Law and was employed as a lawyer. Curtin first entered politics in the 1840 election, where he campaigned for Whig presidential candidate William Henry Harrison, in 1855, Governor James Pollock appointed him as Superintendent of Public Schools. With the collapse of the Whigs, Curtin switched to the newly formed Republican Party, Curtin won re-election to the office in 1863. In the 1860 presidential election, Curtin helped Abraham Lincoln win the Republican nomination, Curtin was a strong supporter of President Lincolns policies in the Civil War, and Curtin committed Pennsylvania to the war effort.
Curtin organized the Pennsylvania Reserves into combat units, and oversaw the construction of the first Union military camp for training militia. It opened in a school nearby Harrisburg as Camp Curtin on April 18,1861. In the years followed, Curtin became a close friend and confidant of Abraham Lincoln. Curtin was very active during the Gettysburg Campaign, working with Major General Darius N, couch and Major Granville O. Haller to delay Robert E. Lees Army of Northern Virginia and prevent it from crossing the Susquehanna River. After the Battle of Gettysburg, Governor Curtin was the force behind the establishment of the National Cemetery there. Through his agent, David Wills, Curtin procured the attendance of President Abraham Lincoln at the dedication of the cemetery, Governor Curtin was sitting with Lincoln on the platform on November 19,1863, when Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Address. In his first term, Governor Curtin suffered a breakdown from the stresses of war. Secretary of State Eli Slifer handled governmental affairs during the frequent periods when Curtin was incapacitated.
President Lincoln offered the governor a diplomatic position abroad, but he chose to run for reelection in 1863, to coordinate Union war efforts, Curtin convened the Loyal War Governors Conference on September 24 and 25,1862, in Altoona. This event was one of his most significant contributions to the Union war effort and he formed the Pennsylvania State Agency in Washington, and another branch in Nashville, Tennessee, to provide support for wounded soldiers on the battlefield and returned home
Gettysburg Address
The Gettysburg Address is a speech by U. S. President Abraham Lincoln, one of the best-known in American history. Abraham Lincolns carefully crafted address, secondary to other presentations that day, was one of the greatest and most influential statements of national purpose, Lincoln redefined the Civil War as a struggle not just for the Union, but for the principle of human equality. Despite the speechs prominent place in the history and popular culture of the United States, the five known manuscripts of the Gettysburg Address in Lincolns hand differ in a number of details, and differ from contemporary newspaper reprints of the speech. Following the Battle of Gettysburg on July 1–3,1863, reburial of Union soldiers from the Gettysburg Battlefield graves began on October 17, Lincolns address followed the oration by Edward Everett, who subsequently included a copy of the Gettysburg Address in his 1864 book about the event. During the train trip from Washington, D. C. to Gettysburg on November 18, on the morning of November 19, Lincoln mentioned to John Nicolay that he was dizzy.
Hay noted that during the speech Lincolns face had a ghastly color, after the speech, when Lincoln boarded the 6,30 pm train for Washington, D. C. he was feverish and weak, with a severe headache. A protracted illness followed, which included a vesicular rash and was diagnosed as a case of smallpox. It thus seems likely that Lincoln was in the prodromal period of smallpox when he delivered the Gettysburg address. The program organized for that day by Wills and his committee included, Music, by Birgfelds Band Prayer, by Reverend T. H. Stockton, D. D. Music, by the Marine Band, directed by Francis Scala Oration, by Hon. Edward Everett Music, but the duty to which you have called me must be performed, —grant me, I pray you, your indulgence and your sympathy. Lengthy dedication addresses like Everetts were common at cemeteries in this era, the tradition began in 1831 when Justice Joseph Story delivered the dedication address at Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Those addresses often linked cemeteries to the mission of Union, shortly after Everetts well-received remarks, Lincoln spoke for only a few minutes.
With a few appropriate remarks, he was able to summarize his view of the war in just ten sentences, of these versions, the Bliss version, written well after the speech as a favor for a friend, is viewed by many as the standard text. Its text differs, from the versions prepared by Lincoln before. It is the version to which Lincoln affixed his signature. Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war and we have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this, but, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Gettysburg is a borough and the county seat of Adams County in the U. S. state of Pennsylvania. The Battle of Gettysburg and President Abraham Lincolns Gettysburg Address are named for this town, the town hosts visitors to the Gettysburg National Battlefield in the Gettysburg National Military Park. As of the 2010 census, the borough had a population of 7,620 people, Samuel Gettys settled at the Shippensburg–Baltimore and Philadelphia–Pittsburgh crossroads with a 1761 tavern where soldiers and traders came to rest. To the southwest is the 1776 Dobbin House Tavern within the subsequent 1786 border established for the borough, after a Strabane township location between Hunters and Gettys towns was planned as the county seat in 1790, in 1791 Revd. Alexander Dobbin and David Moore Sr. were appointed trustees for the county of Adams to erect public buildings in…Gettysburg, the founder of the Studebaker Corporation was born in 1833 in Gettysburg. In 1858 the Gettysburg Railroad completed construction of a line from Gettysburg to Hanover.
The Gettysburg Railroad Station opened in 1859, passenger train service to the town ended in 1942. The station was restored in 2006, in 2011, Senator Robert Casey introduced S.1897, which would include the railroad station within the boundary of Gettysburg National Military Park. By 1860, the borough had around 450 buildings housed carriage manufacturing, the Battle of Gettysburg, one of the largest battles during the American Civil War, was fought between July 1 and 3,1863, across the fields and heights south of the town. In the end, Confederate General Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia retreated into Virginia, while George G. Meade, casualties were high, there were over 27,000 Confederate and 23,000 Union losses. The residents of Gettysburg were left to care for the wounded, approximately 8,000 men and 3,000 horses lay under the summer sun. A 20-year-old woman, Jennie Wade, was the only civilian killed during the battle and she was hit by a stray bullet that passed through her kitchen door while she was making bread on July 3.
Physical damage can still be seen in some of the houses throughout the town, the furniture manufacturing grew in Gettysburg in the early 1900s. The Gettysburg Manufacturing Company was formed in 1902 to manufacture a variety of residential furniture and it had become the Gettysburg Furniture Company by 1912. Another local furniture company was the Warner Furniture company and its successor, the Engle Furniture Company, Engle became the Reaser Furniture Company in 1907, and continued to produce dozens of styles. In 1917 the joint venture Stouck-Reaser Company formed to buy, the company continued to appear in local newspapers through the 1920s. Furniture production remained an important industry in the area through the 1920s, in 1920 the Gettysburg Panel Company formed to manufacture veneer panels for the other firms. In 1923, the Gettysburg Chair Company was chartered to supply chairs that the factories needed to complete their bedroom
Battle of Brandy Station
It was fought on June 9,1863, around Brandy Station, Virginia, at the beginning of the Gettysburg Campaign by the Union cavalry under Maj. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton against Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Pleasonton launched a dawn attack on Stuarts cavalry at Brandy Station. After an all-day fight in which changed repeatedly, the Federals retired without discovering Gen. Robert E. Lees infantry camped near Culpeper. This battle marked the end of the Confederate cavalrys dominance in the East, from this point in the war, the Federal cavalry gained strength and confidence. The Confederate Army of Northern Virginia streamed into Culpeper County, under the leadership of Gen. Robert E. Lee, the troops massed around Culpeper preparing to carry the war north into Pennsylvania. The Confederate Army was suffering from hunger and their equipment was poor, Lee was determined to strike north to capture horses and food for his men. His army could threaten Philadelphia and Washington, by June 5, two infantry corps under Lt. Gens.
James Longstreet and Richard S. Ewell were camped in and around Culpeper, six miles northeast of Culpeper, holding the line of the Rappahannock River, Stuart bivouacked his cavalry troopers, screening the Confederate Army against surprise by the enemy. Most of the Southern cavalry was camped near Brandy Station, befitting his reputation as a dashing cavalier or beau sabreur, requested a full field review of his troops by Gen. Lee. This grand review on June 5 included nearly 9,000 mounted troopers and 4 batteries of artillery, charging in simulated battle at Inlet Station. Gen. Lee was not able to attend the review, however, so it was repeated in his presence on June 8, although the repeated performance was limited to a simple parade without battle simulations. Despite the lower level of activity, some of the cavalrymen, Lee ordered Stuart to cross the Rappahannock River the next day and raid Union forward positions, screening the Confederate Army from observation or interference as it moved north.
Anticipating this imminent offensive action, Stuart ordered his tired troopers back into bivouac around Brandy Station, around Brandy Station, Stuarts force of about 9,500 men consisted of five cavalry brigades, commanded by Brig. Rooney Lee, Beverly H. Robertson, and William E. Grumble Jones, unknown to the Confederates,11,000 Union men had massed on the other side of the Rappahannock River. Maj. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton, commanding the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac, had organized his forces into two wings, under Brig. John Buford and David McMurtrie Gregg, augmented by infantry brigades from the V Corps. Greggs wing was the 2nd Cavalry Division, led by Col. Alfred N. Duffié, the 3rd Cavalry Division, led by Gregg, and an infantry brigade under Brig. Gen. David A. Russell. The commander of the Army of the Potomac, Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, in reaction to this, he ordered Pleasontons force on a spoiling raid, to disperse and destroy the Confederates
America the Beautiful Quarters
The America the Beautiful Quarters are a series of 25-cent pieces issued by the United States Mint starting in 2010 and scheduled to continue until at least 2021. The series may be extended at the option of the Secretary of the Treasury, the obverse of all the coins depicts George Washington in a restored version of the original portrait used for the 1932 Washington quarter. There will be five new designs each year, each depicting a national park or national site – one from each state, the federal district. The program is authorized by the America’s Beautiful National Parks Quarter Dollar Coin Act of 2008, Quarters will be issued depicting designs of national parks and sites in the order of which that park or site was deemed a national site. The quarters from three different states will depict parks or sites that were portrayed on the state quarters. Though they will depict the sites, they bear new designs. There are collector versions of the America the Beautiful 5 ounce Silver Bullion Coin Program which debuted in December 10,2010 and they feature an uncirculated finish and contain a ‘P’ mintmark indicating they were struck at the US Mint’s facility in Philadelphia.
The bullion coins were struck in Philadelphia but contain no mintmark. The United States Mint struck these coins late in 2010 with a limited mintage of only 27,000. The Mint apparently had insufficient time to strike more before the end of the year owing to production difficulties with both America the Beautiful Five Ounce Coin series. This forced the Mint to only release these Hot Springs Coins the following year on April 28,2011, demand was intense in the first hours of availability with collectors ordering 19,000 of them in the first nine hours. Within two weeks, the Mint indicated a sell-out of the limited mintage strikes, each coins price is determined by the current value of silver and the 2010 issues sold for $279.95. Many subsequent issues have even lower mintages and higher market values. These 5 oz. silver quarters are the Big Boys quarter collection and due to their low mintage, have increased their value over issue price, even in the face of declining silver prices
Gettysburg Battlefield
The Gettysburg Battlefield is the area of the July 1–3,1863, military engagements of the Battle of Gettysburg within and around the borough of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Locations of military engagements extend from the 4-acre site of the first shot at Knoxlyn Ridge on the west of the borough, to East Cavalry Field on the east. A military engagement prior to the battle was conducted at the Gettysburg Railroad trestle over Rock Creek, nearer to Gettysburg, dismounted Union cavalry defended McPhersons Ridge and Herrs Ridge, and eventually infantry support arrived to defend Seminary Ridge at the boroughs west side. Oak Ridge, an extension of both McPherson Ridge and Seminary Ridge, is capped by Oak Hill, a site for artillery that commanded a good area north of the town. Prior to Picketts Charge,159 guns stretching in a line from the Peach Orchard to Oak Hill were to open simultaneously. Directly south of the town is the gently-sloped Cemetery Hill named for the 1854 Evergreen Cemetery on its crest, eastward are Culps Hill and Stevens Knoll.
Cemetery Hill and Culps Hill were subjected to assaults throughout the battle by Richard S. Ewells Second Corps, Cemetery Ridge extends about 1-mile south from Cemetery Hill. Southward from Cemetery Hill is Cemetery Ridge of only about 40 feet above the surrounding terrain, the ridge includes The Angles stone wall and the copse of trees at the High-water mark of the Confederacy during Picketts Charge. The southern end of Cemetery Ridge is Weikert Hill, north of Little Round Top, the two highest battlefield points are at Round Top to the south with the higher round summit of Big Round Top, the lower oval summit of Little Round Top, and a saddle between. The Round Tops are rugged and strewn with boulders, as is Devils Den to the west. Round Top, known to locals of the time as Sugar Loaf, is 116 feet higher than its Little companion, Cemetery Hill was an excellent site for artillery, commanding all of the Union lines on Cemetery Ridge and the approaches to them. Little Round Top and Devils Den were key locations for General John Bell Hoods division in Longstreets assault during the day of battle.
The Plum Run Valley between Houcks Ridge and the Round Tops earned the name Valley of Death on that day, the area of military engagements during the battle included the majority of the 1863 town area and the current borough area. The broadest regions of borough military engagements are the area of the Union retreat while being pursued on July 1. Smaller engagements in the town included those with some federals remaining in/near structures after the retreat, the largest engagement within the current borough was at Coster Avenue in which Earlys division defeated Costers brigade. The town was held by the Confederate provost and used by snipers after the dawn of July 2. A Confederate skirmish line at Breckenridge Street faced Federals on Cemetery Hill, and ~7 pm July 1, dead soldiers on the battlefield totalled 8,900, and contractors such as David Warren were hired to bury men and animals. Samuel Weaver oversaw all of these reburials. The first excursion train arrived with visitors on July 5
Battle of Aldie
The Battle of Aldie took place on June 17,1863, in Loudoun County, Virginia, as part of the Gettysburg Campaign of the American Civil War. Stuarts cavalry screened Gen. Robert E. Lees Confederate infantry as it marched north in the Shenandoah Valley behind the sheltering Blue Ridge Mountains, the pursuing Union cavalry of Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatricks brigade, in the advance of Brig. Gen. David McM. Greggs division, encountered Col. Thomas T. Munfords troopers near the village of Aldie, both sides made mounted assaults by regiments and squadrons. Kilpatrick was reinforced in the afternoon, and Munford finally withdrew toward Middleburg. Late in the spring of 1863 tensions grew between Union commander Joseph Hooker and his cavalry commander Brig. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton because of the inability to penetrate Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuarts cavalry screen and gain access to the Shenandoah Valley to locate the Army of Northern Virginia, on June 17, Pleasonton decided to push through Stuarts screen. To accomplish his goal he ordered Brig.
Gen. David McM, Greggs division from Manassas Junction westward down the Little River Turnpike to Aldie. He established a line of pickets in Aldie to watch for enemy activity and withdrew his two regiments northwest of town on the Snickers Gap Turnpike to camp on the farm of Franklin Carter. About 4 pm, Greggs advance column of the 2nd and 4th New York, 6th Ohio, 1st Maine, 1st Rhode Island, just west of the village the 1st Massachusetts encountered Munfords pickets and drove them back. Around the same time, the rest of Munfords brigade arrived at Dover Mills, wickham ordered Col. Thomas L. Rosser to take the 5th Virginia to locate a campsite closer to Aldie. As they moved east they ran into the Massachusetts men and easily drove them back through Aldie to the main Union body, as Rosser withdrew west, the 1st Massachusetts, with aid from the 4th New York, charged against what they believed to be a retreat. Kilpatrick turned his attention towards the Snickers Gap Turnpike, an artillery duel ensued and more cavalry on both sides soon arrived.
A furious fight erupted, which at first went in favor of Munford as Federal charges were met and forced back by the withering volley of sharpshooters entrenched along a stone wall. The 1st Massachusetts Cavalry was trapped in a curve on the Snickers Gap Turnpike and was destroyed. One detachment under Henry Lee Higginson was virtually wiped out in hand-to-hand fighting, the tide finally turned as Union reinforcements charged into the fray in the fading light and the 6th Ohio overran Bostons detachment on the Ashbys Gap Turnpike, capturing or killing most of his men. The fighting died down around 8 pm as Munford withdrew his command west towards Middleburg, Munford did not consider Aldie as a defeat as his withdrawal coincided with an order from Stuart to retire, as more Federal cavalry had been sighted at Middleburg. Union casualties were 305 dead and wounded, with the Confederates losing between 110 and 119, although not protected, the battlefield remains largely intact. Aldie and its mill look much as they did at the time of the battle, widening of U. S.
Route 50 has compromised the portion of the battlefield along the Ashbys Gap Turnpike
Natural monument
A natural monument is a natural or natural/cultural feature of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities or cultural significance. They are generally quite small protected areas and often have high visitor value and this is a lower level of protection than level II and level I. The European Environment Agencys guidelines for selection of a natural monument are, the area should be large enough to protect the integrity of the feature and its immediately related surroundings
C-SPAN
C-SPAN, an acronym for Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network, is an American cable and satellite television network that was created in 1979 by the cable television industry as a public service. C-SPAN televises many proceedings of the United States federal government, as well as public affairs programming. Its coverage of political and policy events is unedited, thereby providing viewers with unfiltered information about politics, non-political coverage includes historical programming, programs dedicated to non-fiction books, and interview programs with noteworthy individuals associated with public policy. The network operates independently, and neither the cable industry nor Congress has control of the content of its programming and other public affairs event and policy discussions. Lamb shared his idea with several executives, who helped him launch the network. Among them were Bob Rosencrans who provided $25,000 of initial funding in 1979 and John D. Evans who provided the wiring and access to the headend needed for the distribution of the C-SPAN signal.
C-SPAN was launched on March 19,1979, in time for the first televised session made available by the House of Representatives, upon its debut, only 3.5 million homes were wired for C-SPAN, and the network had just three employees. The second C-SPAN channel, C-SPAN2, followed on June 2,1986 when the U. S. Senate permitted itself to be televised, C-SPAN Radio began operations on October 9,1997, covering similar events as the television networks and often simulcasting their programming. The station broadcasts on WCSP in Washington, D. C. is available on XM Satellite Radio channel 120 and is streamed live at c-span. org and it was formerly available on Sirius Satellite Radio from 2002 to 2006. Lamb semi-retired in March 2012, coinciding with the channels 33rd anniversary, on January 12,2017, the online feed for C-SPAN1 was interrupted and replaced by a feed from the Russian television network RT for approximately 10 minutes. C-SPAN announced that they were troubleshooting the incident and were operating under the assumption that it was an internal routing issue, C-SPAN celebrated its 10th anniversary in 1989 with a three-hour retrospective, featuring Lamb recalling the development of the network.
Five years later, the series American Presidents, Life Portraits, in 2004, C-SPAN celebrated its 25th anniversary, by which time the flagship network was viewed in 86 million homes, C-SPAN2 was in 70 million homes and C-SPAN3 was in eight million homes. Also included in the 25th anniversary was an essay contest for viewers to write in about how C-SPAN has influenced their life regarding community service. For example, one essay contest winner wrote about how C-SPANs non-fiction book programming serves as a resource in his mission to record non-fiction audio books for people who are blind. The network had an essay contest, the winner of which was invited to host an hour of the broadcast from C-SPANs Capitol Hill studios. C-SPAN continues to expand its coverage of government proceedings, with a history of requests to government officials for greater access, in December 2009, Lamb wrote to leaders in the House and Senate, requesting that negotiations for health care reform be televised by C-SPAN.
Committee meetings on health care were broadcast subsequently by C-SPAN and may be viewed on the C-SPAN website, in November 2010, Lamb wrote to incoming House Speaker John Boehner requesting changes to restrictions on cameras in the House. In particular, C-SPAN asked to add some of its own robotically operated cameras to the existing government-controlled cameras in the House chamber, in February 2011, Boehner denied the request
