The Ghaznavid Empire was a culturally Persianate, Sunni Muslim state of Turkic mamluk origin. Flourishing from 977 to 1186, the empire spread from the Oxus to the Indus Valley at its greatest extent.
Ghaznavid portrait, Palace of Lashkari Bazar. Schlumberger noted that the turban, the small mouth and the strongly slanted eyes were characteristically Turkic. 11th century
Ghaznavid fortress of Lashkari Bazar in Lashkargah, ancient Bost, southern Afghanistan. It was founded by Mahmud of Ghazni in 998–1030 CE.
Mahmud of Ghazni. Jamiʿ al-Tawarikh, 1314-15
Mahmud of Ghazni conquering Qasdar (modern Khuzdar) in India. Jamiʿ al-Tawarikh
The Ghurid dynasty was a culturally Persianate dynasty of eastern Iranian Tajik origin, which ruled from the 8th-century in the region of Ghor, and became an Empire from 1175 to 1215. The Ghurids were
Ghaznavid Empire
…1040, resulting in a restriction of its holdings to modern-day Afghanistan, Pakistan and Northern India. In 1151, Sultan Bahram Shah lost Ghazni to the Ghurid sultan Ala al-Din Husayn. The Ghaznavids retook Ghazni, but lost the city to the Ghuzz Turks who in turn lost it to Muhammad of Ghor. In response, the…
Gold Dinar of Muhammad of Ghor, dated AH 601 (1204/5 CE), struck in Ghazni.
Fortress and Ghurid arch of Qala-e-Bost as printed on an Afghan banknote.
The last stand of Rajputs, depicting the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192
Bengal coinage of Turkic general Bakhtiyar Khalji (1204–1206 CE). Struck in the name of Muhammad of Ghor, dated Samvat 1262 (1204 CE).