The Samanid Empire was a Persianate Sunni Muslim empire, ruled by a dynasty of Iranian dehqan origin, from 819 to 999. The empire was centred in Khorasan and Transoxiana, and at its greatest extent in
Silver medallion of the Samanid ruler Mansur I, dated AH 358 (968/9), with bilingual Middle Persian and Arabic minted in Bukhara. The obverse is extremely similar to that of the Western Turk Kaghan Zik (r. 610–618). Obverse in Middle Persian: "the King of Kings has increased the royal splendor" Reverse in Arabic: "There is no god but Allah, the One, there is no partner to Him, Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, al-Muti' lillah, the victorious king, Mansur son of
Picture of the Samanid Mausoleum, the burial site of Ismail Samani.
Wall painting of a mounted falconer in decorated caftan from Nīshāpūr area, Sāmānid, 10th century (Museum of Islamic Archaeology, Tehran, Iran).
Nuh II suppressing a rebel. Majma' al-tawarikh, dated c. 1425.
The Ghaznavid Empire was a culturally Persianate, Sunni Muslim state of Turkic mamluk origin. Flourishing from 977 to 1186, the empire spread from the Oxus to the Indus Valley at its greatest extent.
Samanid Empire
…challenges from the Karakhanids for control of Transoxiana, Sabuktigin later took control of all the provinces south of the Oxus and established the Ghaznavid Empire. An Arab geographer remarked that, by 985, the Samanids possessed such large numbers of Turkic slaves that their dominance of the slave trade flooded…
Ghaznavid portrait, Palace of Lashkari Bazar. Schlumberger noted that the turban, the small mouth and the strongly slanted eyes were characteristically Turkic. 11th century
Ghaznavid fortress of Lashkari Bazar in Lashkargah, ancient Bost, southern Afghanistan. It was founded by Mahmud of Ghazni in 998–1030 CE.
Mahmud of Ghazni. Jamiʿ al-Tawarikh, 1314-15
Mahmud of Ghazni conquering Qasdar (modern Khuzdar) in India. Jamiʿ al-Tawarikh