1.
Indonesia
–
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the worlds largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands. At 1,904,569 square kilometres, Indonesia is the worlds 14th-largest country in terms of area and worlds 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea. It has an population of over 260 million people and is the worlds fourth most populous country. The worlds most populous island, Java, contains more than half of the countrys population, Indonesias republican form of government includes an elected legislature and president. Indonesia has 34 provinces, of which five have Special Administrative status and its capital and countrys most populous city is Jakarta, which is also the most populous city in Southeast Asia and the second in Asia. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, other neighbouring countries include Singapore, Vietnam, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the second highest level of biodiversity. The country has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas, tin, copper, agriculture mainly produces rice, palm oil, tea, coffee, cacao, medicinal plants, spices and rubber. Indonesias major trading partners are Japan, United States, China, the Indonesian archipelago has been an important region for trade since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Indonesia consists of hundreds of native ethnic and linguistic groups. The largest – and politically dominant – ethnic group are the Javanese, a shared identity has developed, defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a Muslim-majority population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. Indonesias national motto, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, articulates the diversity that shapes the country, Indonesias economy is the worlds 16th largest by nominal GDP and the 8th largest by GDP at PPP, the largest in Southeast Asia, and is considered an emerging market and newly industrialised country. Indonesia has been a member of the United Nations since 1950, Indonesia is a member of the G20 major economies and World Trade Organization. The name Indonesia derives from the Greek name of the Indós, the name dates to the 18th century, far predating the formation of independent Indonesia. In 1850, George Windsor Earl, an English ethnologist, proposed the terms Indunesians—and, his preference, in the same publication, one of his students, James Richardson Logan, used Indonesia as a synonym for Indian Archipelago. However, Dutch academics writing in East Indies publications were reluctant to use Indonesia, they preferred Malay Archipelago, the Netherlands East Indies, popularly Indië, the East, and Insulinde
2.
Bali
–
Bali is an island and province of Indonesia. The province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller neighbouring islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan and it is located at the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, between Java to the west and Lombok to the east. Its capital, Denpasar, is located in the part of the island. With a population of 3,890,757 in the 2010 census, and 4,225,000 as of January 2014, the island is home to most of Indonesias Hindu minority. According to the 2010 Census,83. 5% of Balis population adhered to Balinese Hinduism, followed by 13. 4% Muslim, Christianity at 2. 5%, Bali is a popular tourist destination, which has seen a significant rise in tourists since the 1980s. Tourism-related business makes up 80% of its economy and it is renowned for its highly developed arts, including traditional and modern dance, sculpture, painting, leather, metalworking, and music. The Indonesian International Film Festival is held every year in Bali, in March 2017, Tripadvisor named the island the worlds top destination in its Travelers choice award. Bali is part of the Coral Triangle, the area with the highest biodiversity of marine species, in this area alone over 500 reef building coral species can be found. For comparison, this is about 7 times as many as in the entire Caribbean, most recently, Bali was the host of the 2011 ASEAN Summit,2013 APEC and Miss World 2013. Bali is the home of the Subak Irrigation System, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Bali was inhabited around 2000 BC by Austronesian people who migrated originally from Southeast Asia and Oceania through Maritime Southeast Asia. Culturally and linguistically, the Balinese are closely related to the people of the Indonesian archipelago, Malaysia, stone tools dating from this time have been found near the village of Cekik in the islands west. In ancient Bali, nine Hindu sects existed, namely Pasupata, Bhairawa, Siwa Shidanta, Waisnawa, Bodha, Brahma, Resi, Sora, each sect revered a specific deity as its personal Godhead. Inscriptions from 896 and 911 dont mention a king, until 914 and they also reveal an independent Bali, with a distinct dialect, where Buddhism and Sivaism were practiced simultaneously. Mpu Sindoks great-granddaughter, Mahendradatta, married the Bali king Udayana Warmadewa around 989 and this marriage also brought more Hinduism and Javanese culture to Bali. Suradhipa reigned from 1115 to 1119, and Jayasakti from 1146 until 1150, jayapangus appears on inscriptions between 1178 and 1181, while Adikuntiketana and his son Paramesvara in 1204. Balinese culture was influenced by Indian, Chinese, and particularly Hindu culture. The name Bali dwipa has been discovered from inscriptions, including the Blanjong pillar inscription written by Sri Kesari Warmadewa in 914 AD. It was during this time that the people developed their complex irrigation system subak to grow rice in wet-field cultivation, some religious and cultural traditions still practiced today can be traced to this period
3.
Hindu
–
Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism. It has historically used as a geographical, cultural, or religious identifier for people indigenous to South Asia. The historical meaning of the term Hindu has evolved with time, by the 16th century, the term began to refer to residents of India who were not Turks or Muslims. The historical development of Hindu self-identity within the Indian population, in a religious or cultural sense, is unclear, competing theories state that Hindu identity developed in the British colonial era, or that it developed post-8th century CE after the Islamic invasion and medieval Hindu-Muslim wars. A sense of Hindu identity and the term Hindu appears in texts dated between the 13th and 18th century in Sanskrit and regional languages. The 14th- and 18th-century Indian poets such as Vidyapati, Kabir and Eknath used the phrase Hindu dharma, the Christian friar Sebastiao Manrique used the term Hindu in religious context in 1649. In the 18th century, the European merchants and colonists began to refer to the followers of Indian religions collectively as Hindus, in contrast to Mohamedans for Mughals, scholars state that the custom of distinguishing between Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs is a modern phenomenon. Hindoo is a spelling variant, whose use today may be considered derogatory. At more than 1.03 billion, Hindus are the third largest group after Christians. The vast majority of Hindus, approximately 966 million, live in India, according to Indias 2011 census. After India, the next 9 countries with the largest Hindu populations are, in decreasing order, Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, United States, Malaysia, United Kingdom and Myanmar. These together accounted for 99% of the worlds Hindu population, the word Hindu is derived from the Indo-Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means a large body of water, covering river, ocean. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referred to its tributaries, the Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhava in the Vedas, is called Hapta Hindu in Zend Avesta. The 6th-century BCE inscription of Darius I mentions the province of Hidush, the people of India were referred to as Hinduvān and hindavī was used as the adjective for Indian in the 8th century text Chachnama. The term Hindu in these ancient records is an ethno-geographical term, the Arabic equivalent Al-Hind likewise referred to the country of India. Among the earliest known records of Hindu with connotations of religion may be in the 7th-century CE Chinese text Record of the Western Regions by the Buddhist scholar Xuanzang, Xuanzang uses the transliterated term In-tu whose connotation overflows in the religious according to Arvind Sharma. The Hindu community occurs as the amorphous Other of the Muslim community in the court chronicles, wilfred Cantwell Smith notes that Hindu retained its geographical reference initially, Indian, indigenous, local, virtually native. Slowly, the Indian groups themselves started using the term, differentiating themselves, the poet Vidyapatis poem Kirtilata contrasts the cultures of Hindus and Turks in a city and concludes The Hindus and the Turks live close together, Each makes fun of the others religion
4.
Ubud
–
Ubud is a town on the Indonesian island of Bali in Ubud District, located amongst rice paddies and steep ravines in the central foothills of the Gianyar regency. Promoted as an arts and culture centre, it has developed a tourism industry. Ubud has a population of about 30,000 people and it can be difficult for visitors to distinguish the town itself from the 13 villages that surround it. The area surrounding the town is made up of farms, rice paddies. Eighth-century legend tells of a Javanese priest, Rsi Markendya, who meditated at the confluence of two rivers at the Ubud locality of Campuan, here he founded the Gunung Lebah Temple on the valley floor, the site of which remains a pilgrim destination. The town was important as a source of medicinal herbs and plants. In the late century, Ubud became the seat of feudal lords who owed their allegiance to the king of Gianyar. The lords were members of the Balinese Kshatriya caste of Sukawati, tourism on the island developed after the arrival of Walter Spies, an ethnic German born in Russia who taught painting and music, and dabbled in dance. Spies and foreign painters Willem Hofker and Rudolf Bonnet entertained celebrities including Charlie Chaplin, Noël Coward, Barbara Hutton, H. G. Wells and Vicki Baum. They brought in some of the greatest artists from all over Bali to teach and train the Balinese in arts, a new burst of creative energy came in the 1960s after the arrival of Dutch painter Arie Smit and the development of the Young Artists Movement. The Bali tourist boom since the late 1960s has seen development in the town, however. The main street is Jalan Raya Ubud, which runs east–west through the center of town, two long roads, Jalan Monkey Forest and Jalan Hanoman, extend south from Jalan Raya Ubud. Puri Saren Agung is a palace located at the intersection of Monkey Forest. The residence of Tjokorda Gede Agung Sukawati, the last ruling monarch of Ubud, dance performances and ceremonies are held in its courtyard. The palace was one of Ubuds first hotels, opening its doors back in the 1930s. A number of Hindu temples exist, such as Pura Desa Ubud, which is the temple, Pura Taman Saraswati, and Pura Dalem Agung Padangtegal. The Gunung Kawi temple is the site of the royal tombs, goa Gajah, also known as the Elephant Cave, is located in a steep valley just outside Ubud near the town of Bedulu. The Moon of Pejeng, in nearby Pejeng, is the largest single-cast bronze kettle drum in the world and it is a popular destination for tourists interested in local culture
5.
Badung Regency
–
Badung is a regency of Bali, Indonesia. Its regency seat is in Mangupura and it has an area of 418.52 km2 and population of 543,332 and a density of 1,293.37 per square kilometer. It has undergone a boom in the last decade, and has grown into the largest of the suburban regions of Greater Denpasar. It covers Balis most heavy tourist regions, including Kuta, Legian, Seminyak, Jimbaran, Nusa Dua, Canggu, Uluwatu, Badung, and Mengwi. The northern part of the regency is relatively unpopulated, and the part near the coast and west of Denpasar from Jimbaran, ngurah Rai International Airport is located within the Regency. The Regency is divided into six districts, listed below with their 2010 Census populations and it is further subdivided into subdistricts/villages. 20 of the came from various zoos in Europe, another 3 came from Jurong Bird Park in Singapore. If the breeding program gets success, some of them will be released into the wild,4 of the stock to Koelner Zoo and 3 to Jurong Bird Park. There were currently about 500 birds throughout Bali,287 of them in breeding centers, south Bali travel guide from Wikivoyage Official site Map of Badung Regency
6.
Denpasar
–
Denpasar is the capital of Bali. Situated on the Bali island, it is worldwide as a major tourist destination. The city is also a hub for cities in the Lesser Sunda Islands. With the rapid growth of the industry in Bali, Denpasar has encouraged and promoted business activities and ventures. The population of Denpasar was 834,881 in 2012, up from 788,445 at the 2010 Census, the surrounding metropolitan area has roughly 2 million residents. The municipalitys area extent, population, and density are similar to San Francisco, in the 18th and 19th century, Denpasar functioned as the capital of the Hindu Majapahit Kingdom of Badung. Thus, the city was formerly called Badung, the royal palace was looted and razed during the Dutch intervention in 1906. In 1958 Denpasar became the seat of government for the Province of Bali and it remained the administrative centre of both Badung Regency and the City of Denpasar. Both Denpasar and Badung Regency have experienced physical, economic. Denpasar has become not only the seat of government, but also the centre of commerce, education, industry, average population growth of 4. 05% per annum, accompanied by rapid development, led to a variety of urban problems. It was resolved that meeting the needs and demands of the urban community would best be addressed by giving Denpasar administrative independence from Badung Regency. Agreement was reached to raise the status of Denpasar to that of an autonomous City and it was inaugurated by the Minister of Home Affairs on 27 February 1992. On 16 November 2009, in an administrative realignment, Regulation Number 67 shifted the capital of Badung Regency from Denpasar to Mangupura. Denpasar is located at a height of 0-75 mdpl, while the total area of 127.78 km² or 2. 18% of the total area of Bali Province. From the use of land,2,768 hectares of land are paddy,10,001 hectares are dry land, Badung River divides Denpasar, after which the river empties into the Gulf of Benoa. Denpasar, located just south of the equator, has a wet and dry climate, with hot. Due to this there is little change throughout the year. Unlike many cities outside Indonesia with this climate, there is little seasonal temperature change
7.
Association football
–
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball. It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies making it the worlds most popular sport, the game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal, players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers. Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, the team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, the Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football, the first written reference to the inflated ball used in the game was in the mid-14th century, Þe heued fro þe body went, Als it were a foteballe. The Online Etymology Dictionary states that the word soccer was split off in 1863, according to Partha Mazumdar, the term soccer originated in England, first appearing in the 1880s as an Oxford -er abbreviation of the word association. Within the English-speaking world, association football is now usually called football in the United Kingdom and mainly soccer in Canada and the United States. People in Australia, Ireland, South Africa and New Zealand use either or both terms, although national associations in Australia and New Zealand now primarily use football for the formal name. According to FIFA, the Chinese competitive game cuju is the earliest form of football for which there is scientific evidence, cuju players could use any part of the body apart from hands and the intent was kicking a ball through an opening into a net. It was remarkably similar to football, though similarities to rugby occurred. During the Han Dynasty, cuju games were standardised and rules were established, phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup, athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence and they all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified mob football, the antecedent of all football codes. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia, Association football in itself does not have a classical history. Notwithstanding any similarities to other games played around the world FIFA have recognised that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe. The modern rules of football are based on the mid-19th century efforts to standardise the widely varying forms of football played in the public schools of England
8.
East Kalimantan
–
East Kalimantan is a province of Indonesia. Its territory comprises the portion of Borneo. It has a population of about 3.5 million, East Kalimantan has a total area of 129,066.64 square kilometres and is the second least densely populated province in Kalimantan. The majority of the region shares a border to the east with West Sulawesi and North Sulawesi, its coastline faces the Makassar Strait. Its former northernmost region is now North Kalimantan, to its south, the province bordered Sabah before the split, but still borders Sarawak. East Kalimantan is now divided into six regencies and three cities, awang Faroek Ishak is its governor and Mukmin Faisal as its vice governor. East Kalimantan was once covered by tropical rainforest. There are several kingdoms in East Kalimantan, including the Kingdom of Kutai, Sultanate of Kutai ing Martadipura, between the years 1620-1624, kingdoms in East Kalimantan turned into an area influence of the Sultanate of Sultan Alauddin Makassar, before the Bungaya agreement. On May 4,1826, Sultan Adam al-wathiq Billah of Banjar reaffirmed the handover East Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, part of West, in 1846, the Dutch began to put a Resident Assistant in East Borneo at Samarinda named H. Von Dewall. East Kalimantan is then part of the Dutch East Indies, East Kalimantan Province in addition to a unity administration, as well as ecological and historical unity. East Kalimantan as the area was established based on the Law No.25 of 1956 with the first governor is APT Pranoto. While the three Municipalities are Balikpapan, Samarinda, Bontang, East Kalimantan is one of the main gates in the eastern part of Indonesia. Provinsi River East Kalimantan is located in the most eastern island of Borneo. East Kalimantan mainland can not be separated from the hills are almost all districts, the number of lakes in the province is also quite a lot of about 18 pieces. Most lakes are located in the Kutai regency with the most extensive lake that is Lake Semayang and Melintang, such a climate of Indonesia in general, East Kalimantan tropical climate and has two seasons, dry and rainy seasons. The dry season occurs in May to October, while the rainy season in November to April. This situation continued every year interspersed with transitional season in certain months, moreover, because of its location on the equator, the climate in East Kalimantan are also affected by wind Monsoon, Monsoon wind is November–April West and East Monsoon winds from May to October. But in recent years, the situation in East Kalimantan season sometimes erratic, in the months that was supposed to rain in reality there is no rain at all, or vice versa in the months that should dry it rains with a much longer time. Temperatures somewhere high and low is determined by the area of the ocean surface, in general, East Kalimantan hot climates with temperatures in 2013 ranged from 21.6 ⁰C in Berau October to 35.6 ⁰C in Berau in September
9.
Buleleng Regency
–
For the district see Buleleng, Bali Buleleng is a regency of Bali, Indonesia. It has an area of 1,365.88 km2, Buleleng was founded as a kingdom by Gusti Panji Sakti, who ruled c. He is commemorated as a heroic ancestor-figure who expanded the power of Buleleng to Blambangan on East Java, the kingdom was weakened during his successors, and fell under the suzerainty of the neighbouring Karangasem kingdom in the second half of the 18th century. It was headed by an branch of the Karangasem Dynasty in 1806-1849. The Dutch attacked Buleleng in 1846,1848 and 1849, Buleleng was incorporated in the Dutch colonial system and lost its autonomy in 1882. In 1929 a descendant of Gusti Panji Sakti, the renowned scholar Gusti Putu Jelantik, was appointed regent by the Dutch and he died in 1944, during the Japanese occupation of Indonesia. His son, a well-known novelist, Anak Agung Nyoman Panji Tisna, in 1947, Anak Agung Pandji Tisna surrendered the throne to his younger brother, Anak Agung Ngurah Ketut Djelantik, known as Meester Djelantik, until 1950. In 1949-50 Buleleng, like the rest of Bali, was incorporated in the republic of Indonesia. The Regency is divided into nine kecamatan, listed below with their 2010 Census populations and it is further subdivided into kelurahan / desa or subdistricts / villages. Gerokgak 78,825 Seririt 69,572 Busung Biu 39,719 Banjar 68,960 Sukasada 72,050 Buleleng 128,899 Sawan 58,578 Kubutambahan 53,765 Tejakula 53,757 Lt. Col, wisnu Airfield, located in the Sumberkima village. By 2014 it will be used for flights after the extended runway is completed. A research of new airport had been completed in line of congestion of Ngurah Rai International Airport in 2017, the new two runways airport will be built in the east part of Buleleng Regency and will be connected by railway to the existing airport. Many big pearl producers have developed a 130.9 hectares in Gerokgak village as an area for pearl breeding and it will enlarge to 250 hectares swath of water stretching from Gerokgak to Kubutambahan. Bali, Indonesias Hindu Realm, A short history of, north Bali travel guide from Wikivoyage
10.
Karangasem Regency
–
Karangasem Regency is a regency of Bali, Indonesia. It covers the east part of Bali, has an area of 839.54 km2, karangasem was devastated when Mount Agung erupted in 1963, killing 1,900 people. Karangasem was a kingdom before Bali was conquered by the Dutch, Saren Jawa village is home to 100 Muslims families and surrounded by Balinese Hindus villages following the Siwa-Buda belief system, an amalgamation of Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhist. The people of Saren Jawa use Balinese first names before their Muslim last names, interesting places are, The Mother Temple of Besakih Tenganan, a Bali Aga village, with inhabitants who still live according to their ancient traditions Beach town of Amed. Candidasa is a starting point for visiting places along the beautiful east coast of Bali. A little east of Candidasa, the village Bugbug is located and its inhabitants celebrate the Perang Dawa every other year at full moon of the fourth month. People of all nearby villages then climb to the top of a hill, the beach is hidden among two cliffs/hills, Bugbug Cliff and Prasi Cliff. East Bali travel guide from Wikivoyage Official site Official site
11.
Tabanan Regency
–
Tabanan is a regency of Bali, Indonesia. It has an area of 839.33 km2 and population of 386,850, lies at an altitude of 700 meters, the cool atmosphere of more original beautiful Jatiluwih is better than the most well known Tegallalang which has plenty of cafes and souvenir shops. Two routes to Jatiluwih are Denpasar>Kediri>Tabanan>Penebel>Jatiluwih or Denpasar>Mengwi>Baturiti>Jatiluwih, Jatiluwih has gain acknowledgement from UNESCO as part of the worlds cultural heritage. The administration has also decided 300-hectare protected paddy field zone with a 100-hectare housing zone lies outside the protected zone, tabanan travel guide from Wikivoyage Official site
12.
Tampaksiring
–
Tampaksiring is a town in central Bali, Gianyar Regency, Indonesia. It is the home to the Gunung Kawi Temple and archaeological site, the word Tampak in Balinese means foot, while Siring means Oblique. According to the legend the slope of the mountain where the stands today, was created by footstep of a king named Mayadenawa. Tampaksiring was also one of the kingdom during Balis pre-colonial period. The town is home to Tirta Empul Temple Villages around Tampaksiring are, Manukaya, Pejeng, Pejeng Kaja, Pejeng Kangin, Pejeng Kawan, Pejeng Kelod, Sanding, Tampaksiring is also location of one of the 6 presidential palaces in Indonesia. The Palace was built between 1957-1960 at the initiation of President Soekarno, the buildings of the complex are scattered around on an area covering 19 hectare. The main palace building are built on a higher ground overlooking Tampaksiring Tirta Empul Temple, central Bali travel guide from Wikivoyage
Indonesia
Bali
Media related to Gianyar Regency at Wikimedia Commons
Central Bali travel guide from Wikivoyage
