1.
Dead Kennedys
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Dead Kennedys are an American punk rock band that formed in San Francisco, California, in 1978. The band was one of the first American hardcore bands to make a significant impact in the United Kingdom, Dead Kennedys lyrics were usually political in nature, satirizing establishment political figures and authority in general, as well as popular culture and even the punk movement itself. During their initial incarnation between 1978 and 1986, they attracted considerable controversy for their lyrics and artwork. This culminated in an obscenity trial between 1985 and 1986, which resulted in a hung jury, the group released a total of four studio albums and one EP before disbanding in 1986. Following the bands dissolution, Biafra continued to collaborate and record other artists including D. O. A. NoMeansNo and his own bands Lard and the Guantanamo School of Medicine, in 2000, Jello Biafra lost an acrimonious legal case initiated by his former Dead Kennedys band mates over songwriting credits and unpaid royalties. In 2001, the band reformed without Biafra, various singers have since been recruited for vocal duties, the original band lineup consisted of Jello Biafra on vocals, East Bay Ray on guitar, Klaus Flouride on bass, and Ted on drums and percussion. This lineup recorded their first demos, in early to mid July, the band recruited 6025 as a rhythm guitarist. Their first live show was on July 19,1978 at Mabuhay Gardens in San Francisco and they were the opening act on a bill that included DV8 and Negative Trend with The Offs headlining. Dead Kennedys played numerous shows at local venues afterwards, due to the provocative name of the band, they sometimes played under pseudonyms, including The DKs, The Sharks, The Creamsicles and The Pink Twinkies. The bands real name generated controversy,22, the 15th anniversary of John F. Kennedys assassination. Despite mounting protests, the owner of Mabuhay declared, I cant cancel them NOW—theres a contract, not, apparently, the kind of contract some people have in mind. However, despite popular belief, the name was not meant to insult the Kennedy family,6025 left the band in March 1979 under somewhat unclear circumstances, generally considered to be musical differences. In June, the released their first single, California Über Alles, on Biafra and East Bay Rays independent label. The band followed with a poorly attended East Coast tour, being a new and fairly unknown band at the time, in early 1980, they recorded and released the single Holiday in Cambodia. In June, the recorded their debut album, Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables. The album reached number 33 on the UK Albums Chart, on March 25,1980, Dead Kennedys were invited to perform California Über Allesat the Bay Area Music Awards in an effort to give the event some new wave credibility, in the words of the organizers. The day of the performance was spent practicing the song they were asked to play, Weve gotta prove that were adults now
2.
Hardcore punk
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Hardcore punk is a punk rock music genre and subculture that originated in the late 1970s. It is generally faster, harder, and more aggressive than other forms of punk rock, New York punk had a harder-edged sound than its San Francisco counterpart, featuring anti-art expressions of masculine anger, energy and subversive humor. Hardcore punk generally disavows commercialism, the music industry and anything similar to the characteristics of mainstream rock. Hardcore sprouted underground scenes across the United States in the early 1980s, particularly in Washington, New York, New Jersey, and Boston—as well as in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. Hardcore has spawned the straight movement and its associated submovements, hardline. Hardcore was heavily involved with the rise of the independent record labels in the 1980s and it has also influenced various music genres that have experienced widespread commercial success, including alternative rock, thrash metal, emo and metalcore. While traditional hardcore has never experienced mainstream success, some of its early pioneers have garnered appreciation over time. In 2011, Rolling Stone writer David Fricke placed Greg Ginn of Black Flag 99th place in his 100 Greatest Guitarists list, although the music genre started in English-speaking western countries, notable hardcore scenes have existed in Italy, Brazil, Japan, Europe and the Middle East. The origin of the hardcore punk is uncertain. The Vancouver-based band D. O. A. may have helped to popularize the term with the title of their 1981 album, Hardcore 81. C. Hardcore historian Steven Blush said that the term hardcore is also a reference to the sense of being fed up with the existing punk, Blush also states that the term refers to an extreme, the absolute most Punk. One definition of the genre is a form of exceptionally harsh punk rock, like the Oi. subgenre of the UK, hardcore punk can be considered an internal music reaction. According to one writer, distressed by the artificiality of much post-punk, lacking the art-school grace of post-punk, hardcore punk favor low key visual aesthetic over extravagance and breaking with original punk rock song patterns. One of the important philosophies in the scene is authenticity. The pejorative term poseur is applied to those who associate with punk and adopt its stylistic attributes but are deemed not to share or understand the underlying values and philosophy. Joe Keithley, the vocalist of D. O. A. said in an interview, in the vein of earlier punk rock, most hardcore punk bands have followed the traditional singer/guitar/bass/drum format. The songwriting has more emphasis on rather than melody. Critic Steven Blush writes The Sex Pistols were still rocknroll. like the craziest version of Chuck Berry, Hardcore was a radical departure from that
3.
Punk rock
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Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
4.
Alternative Tentacles
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Alternative Tentacles is an independent record label established in 1979 in San Francisco, California. Dead Kennedys guitarist East Bay Ray and vocalist Jello Biafra formed the original Alternative Tentacles partnership, but the label is now run by Biafra, Alternative Tentacles no longer owns the rights to Dead Kennedys recordings after a 2000 lawsuit. Alternative Tentacles went on to some of the most original bands of the alternative/punk scene including releasing records by bands including The Dicks,7 Seconds. The early compilation titled Let Them Eat Jellybeans, served to introduce American punk to the rest of the world. Some of the best known bands that have come through Alternative Tentacles are Dead Kennedys, NoMeansNo, D. O. A. in addition to musical acts, Alternative Tentacles also publishes spoken word albums, many by Jello Biafra himself. Another common theme of Alternative Tentacles records over the years has been the long-standing artwork of Winston Smith, which has graced many of their records, catalogs, posters, Smith also designed the Alternative Tentacles logo. The arrangement was short-lived, and as such these British editions of American hardcore records are rare, in 1985, Los Angeles prosecutors charged Biafra with distributing harmful matter to minors for artwork contained in the Dead Kennedys album Frankenchrist. The artwork was a reproduction of the painting Work 219, Landscape XX. The case ended in a jury, charges were not re-filed. A detailed account of the trial is presented by Biafra on his spoken word album. In early 2000, the label and Biafra were named in a lawsuit brought by his former Dead Kennedys bandmates, the suit claimed that Biafra had failed to pay the bands members a decades worth of royalties on the bands albums, totaling some $76,000. A2003 appeal upheld the verdict and judgment against Biafra and the label of $200,000 in compensation. The end result of the saw the rights to the Dead Kennedys albums turned over to the other band members. Dead Kennedys albums accounted for half of all sales by Alternative Tentacles. In October 2002, the moved to Emeryville, California
5.
Bedtime for Democracy
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Bedtime for Democracy is the fourth and final studio album released by Dead Kennedys. Songs on this album cover such common punk subjects as conformity, Reaganomics, the military, in fact, by the time recording began, they had already played what would be their last live concert with Jello Biafra and announced their breakup immediately after the records release. There is an error on the Manifesto CDs so that the time length for Gone with My Wind is printed,43 when it should read 1,43. On the original version, Side A was tracks 1-11. It also came with a periodical in the form of a thin newspaper made up of collage art. The East Bay punk band Isocracy parodied the name in their 1988 EP, the cover art depicted the band together in a bed, accompanied by Jello Biafra. All songs written by Jello Biafra except when stated. M. S. O
6.
Mutiny on the Bay
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Mutiny on the Bay is a live album by the Dead Kennedys. Its quality has been criticized by Jello Biafra, all tracks written by Jello Biafra, except where noted. The album is not one consecutive concert, but rather tracks culled from performances in 1982 and 1986. The tracks Police Truck, Holiday in Cambodia, Forward to Death, I Am the Owl and Riot were recorded at the Elite Club, San Francisco, on March 20,1982. Hellnation, California Über Alles, Too Drunk to Fuck and This Could Be Anywhere were recorded at The Stone, San Francisco, − Get off the Air and Goons of Hazard were also recorded at The Stone the following day. As a peculiarity Kill the Poor was recorded on February 21,1986, at Freeborn Hall in Davis, the show is notable in that it was the final performance of the Dead Kennedys. Jello Biafra - lead vocals East Bay Ray - guitar, producer Klaus Flouride - bass, backing vocals D. H. Peligro - drums Sue Brisk - photography John Cuniberti - engineer, mixer
7.
AbsolutePunk
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AbsolutePunk was a website, online community, and alternative music news source founded by Jason Tate. The primary musical genres of focus were emo and pop punk, the very next day on April 1, all of the domain names and social media accounts associated with AbsolutePunk were being redirected to Chorus. fm. Founded June 6,2000 by Jason Tate, the focused on music industry news. The site also allowed user interaction via a vBulletin Internet Forum system, users could register their own personalized account, create a profile, and comment on nearly every portion of the site. Special accounts were afforded to industry figures and band members denoting them as such, the website originally started as a Blink-182/MxPx fan site. In 2005, the site was drawing six million hits daily, by 2006, the website was noted for engaging teenagers, and was beginning to chip away at the dominance of MySpace, according to OMMA online media magazine. The social media network Buzznet purchased AbsolutePunk in May 2008, AbsolutePunks community included over 500,000 music fans, making it one of the largest alternative music zines on the Internet. The site was run by contributor-turned-moderators who worked for the site but were not paid. They added news posts, wrote reviews and conducted interviews all in their free time, aBSOLUTExclusives and recent album reviews were often displayed prominently at the top of the sites news feed, while other stories were simply listed in descending chronological order. The staff conducted frequent interviews with bands and often asked the AbsolutePunk community to contribute questions in advance. They also ran numerous contests via both an opt-in lottery system and through news items, with the latter usually awarding prizes to the users who replied the fastest while meeting certain criteria. One of AbsolutePunks main purposes was to music fans with one another through its extensive online forums. The forums featured over 318,500 registered members and they were divided into a number of different sections, split into categories such as entertainment, sports, politics, and education. Users were encouraged to contribute their own media to the site, as most of the site functioned on the same bulletin board system, forum activity would often spill out into album reviews and news stories as well. The website gained a following in the alternative music scene over the years, allowing it to sponsor various tours. In the August 2007 issue of Blender, owner Jason Tate was named #18 in their list of Top 25 Most Influential People in Online Music, on June 1,2005 vocalist and pianist Andrew McMahon of the bands Something Corporate and Jacks Mannequin was diagnosed with leukemia. AbsolutePunk raised approximately $16,400 for the Leukemia Research Foundation by selling over 6,000 orange gel bracelets online, the wristbands read I Will Fight in reference to a well-known song by Something Corporate
8.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
9.
Lead vocalist
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The lead vocalist, lead vocals or lead singer in popular music is typically the member of a group or band whose voice is the most prominent in a performance where multiple voices may be heard. The lead singer either leads the ensemble, or sets against the ensemble as the dominant sound. In vocal group performances, notably in soul and gospel music, and early rock and roll, as an example in rock music, Mick Jagger is the lead singer of The Rolling Stones. Similarly in soul music, Smokey Robinson was the singer of The Miracles. The practice of using a lead singer in vocal groups, however, has a longer history, songs of the late nineteenth century frequently used a leading solo voice, followed by a choral response by other singers. From these various points - including Motown - it went on to become a device in much rock. In some bands - most famously, The Beatles - the role of lead singer alternated, while in others - for example, there are as many types and styles of lead singer as there are styles and genres of music. However, the singer of a group or band is usually the main focus of audiences attention. The lead vocalist of a band is called the front man or front woman. Pink Floyd also can be considered a band with two front men, as both the guitarist David Gilmour and the bassist Roger Waters sang and wrote most of the songs. In the beginning of the career, however, Pink Floyds lead singer and guitarist was Syd Barrett. Particularly before the 1970s, many bands were named for the leader or founder, rather than the lead singer, examples include the Dave Clark Five and Harold Melvin. In modern rock music, the singer is often, but not always, also the bands leader. While lead singers or spokespersons for any musical ensembles can be called a front man, since the position commonly has an expanded role from simple lead vocalists, there have been cases in which the front man for a band is someone other than the lead vocalist. In many bands, such as The Who, Fall Out Boy, Led Zeppelin, Living Colour, Queen and Oasis, usually, this is derived from that guitarists specific role as a co-songwriter, co-founder and/or co-vocalist. Also in some cases, there are two frontmen, such as Underoath, with singers Spencer Chamberlain and Aaron Gillespie sharing vocal duties, another example is Blink-182, in which vocal duties are split between bassist Mark Hoppus and guitarist Tom DeLonge. Hoppus usually carries out most media either by himself or together with DeLonge, linkin Park has two vocalists as well, Chester Bennington and Mike Shinoda, both considered as frontmen. Another example is the metal band Metallica, in which James Hetfield
10.
Jello Biafra
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Jello Biafra is the former lead singer and songwriter for the San Francisco punk rock band Dead Kennedys. He is currently both a musician and spoken word artist, after he left the Dead Kennedys, he took over the influential independent record label Alternative Tentacles, which he had co-founded in 1979 with Dead Kennedys bandmate East Bay Ray. Although now focused primarily on spoken word, he has continued as a musician in numerous collaborations, politically, Biafra is a member of the Green Party of the United States and actively supports various political causes. He ran for the partys Presidential nomination in 2000, finishing a distant second to Ralph Nader and he is a staunch believer in a free society, and utilizes shock value and advocates direct action and pranksterism in the name of political causes. Biafra is known to use absurdist media tactics, in the leftist tradition of the Yippies, to issues of civil rights. Eric Boucher was born in Boulder, Colorado, the son of Virginia, a librarian, and Stanley Wayne Boucher and he also had a sister, Julie J. Boucher, the Associate Director of the Library Research Service at the Colorado State Library. As a child, Eric Boucher developed an interest in politics that was encouraged by his parents. An avid news watcher, one of his earliest memories was of the John F. Kennedy assassination, Biafra says he has been a fan of rock music since first hearing it in 1965, when his parents accidentally tuned in to a rock radio station. Boucher was informed by his school guidance counselor that he should be spending his high school years preparing to become a dental hygienist. He began his career in music in January 1977 as a roadie for the rock band The Ravers. The Healers became infamous locally for their mainly improvised lyrics and avant garde music, in the autumn of that year, he began attending the University of California, Santa Cruz. In June 1978, he responded to an advertisement placed in a store by guitarist East Bay Ray, stating Guitarist wants to form punk band, and together they formed the Dead Kennedys. He began performing with the band under the stage name Occupant, but soon began to use his current stage name, a combination of the brand name Jell-O and the short-lived African state Biafra. Biafra wrote the lyrics, most of which were political in nature and displayed a sardonic, sometimes absurdist. In the tradition of UK anarcho-punk bands like Crass, the Dead Kennedys were one of the first US punk bands to write politically themed songs, the lyrics Biafra wrote helped popularize the use of humorous lyrics in hardcore. Biafra cites Joey Ramone as the inspiration for his use of humor in his songs, noting in particular songs by The Ramones such as Beat on the Brat, Biafra sang his riffs and melodies into a tape recorder, which he brought to the bands rehearsal and/or recording sessions. This later became a problem when the members of the Dead Kennedys sued Biafra over royalties. Biafras first popular song was the first single by the Dead Kennedys, the song, which spoofed California governor Jerry Brown, was the first of many political songs by the group and Biafra
11.
Phonograph record
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The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc. The phonograph disc record was the medium used for music reproduction until late in the 20th century. It had co-existed with the cylinder from the late 1880s. Records retained the largest market share even when new formats such as compact cassette were mass-marketed, by the late 1980s, digital media, in the form of the compact disc, had gained a larger market share, and the vinyl record left the mainstream in 1991. The phonograph record has made a resurgence in the early 21st century –9.2 million records were sold in the U. S. in 2014. Likewise, in the UK sales have increased five-fold from 2009 to 2014, as of 2017,48 record pressing facilities remain worldwide,18 in the United States and 30 in other countries. The increased popularity of vinyl has led to the investment in new, only two producers of lacquers remains, Apollo Masters in California, USA, and MDC in Japan. Vinyl records may be scratched or warped if stored incorrectly but if they are not exposed to heat or broken. The large cover are valued by collectors and artists for the space given for visual expression, in the 2000s, these tracings were first scanned by audio engineers and digitally converted into audible sound. Phonautograms of singing and speech made by Scott in 1860 were played back as sound for the first time in 2008, along with a tuning fork tone and unintelligible snippets recorded as early as 1857, these are the earliest known recordings of sound. In 1877, Thomas Edison invented the phonograph, unlike the phonautograph, it was capable of both recording and reproducing sound. Despite the similarity of name, there is no evidence that Edisons phonograph was based on Scotts phonautograph. Edison first tried recording sound on a paper tape, with the idea of creating a telephone repeater analogous to the telegraph repeater he had been working on. The tinfoil was wrapped around a metal cylinder and a sound-vibrated stylus indented the tinfoil while the cylinder was rotated. The recording could be played back immediately, Edison also invented variations of the phonograph that used tape and disc formats. A decade later, Edison developed a greatly improved phonograph that used a wax cylinder instead of a foil sheet. This proved to be both a better-sounding and far more useful and durable device, the wax phonograph cylinder created the recorded sound market at the end of the 1880s and dominated it through the early years of the 20th century. Berliners earliest discs, first marketed in 1889, but only in Europe, were 12.5 cm in diameter, both the records and the machine were adequate only for use as a toy or curiosity, due to the limited sound quality
12.
Flexi disc
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The flexi disc is a phonograph record made of a thin, flexible vinyl sheet with a molded-in spiral stylus groove, and is designed to be playable on a normal phonograph turntable. Flexible records were introduced as the Eva-tone Soundsheet in 1962. Before the advent of the disc, flexi discs were sometimes used as a means to include sound with printed material such as magazines. A flexi disc could be moulded with speech or music and bound into the text with a seam, at very little cost. If the turntables surface is not completely flat, it is recommended that the disc be placed on top of a full sized record. In Japan, starting in the early 1960s, Asahi Sonorama published the monthly Asahi Sonorama magazine which included an inserted flexi disc. Every year between 1963 and 1969, The Beatles made a special Christmas recording which was made into a flexi disc, the work was done by Arthur A. Allen and Peter Paul Kellogg of the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology. The August 1965 issue of National Geographic included a soundsheet of the funeral of Sir Winston Churchill narrated by David Brinkley. The recording has the sounds of the procession to St. Pauls, a hymn sung by the leaders of the world. Excerpts from various recordings of Churchills speeches are included, the recording ends with bagpipes accompanying Churchills coffin to the funeral barge on the Thames, as the public phase of the funeral ends. During the 1970s, Mad Magazine included Soundsheets in several special editions, one was a dramatization of Gall in the Family Fare, its parody of All in the Family, packaged with Mad Super Special #11. There was also a Mad Disco special issue containing a Soundsheet, the disc contained excerpts from the Swedish groups recent concert appearance in Australia. A two-sided flexible sheet record of the songs of whales was included with the January 1979 issue of National Geographic magazine. With a production order of 10,500,000 copies, while flexi-discs were usually just used as occasional giveaways, from 1980 to 1982, Flexipop made a speciality of giving away such a disc with each edition. American manufacturer Eva-Tone, believed to be one of the last manufacturers of flexi discs, as of December 2010, Pirates Press, an independent record manufacturing company based in San Francisco, California, USA, has started production of flexi discs of various sizes and color. In November 2010 extreme metal magazine Decibel began releasing flexi discs with each issue, the content on the disc features 100 percent exclusive songs from artists that have been previously featured in the publication. Due to manufacturing delays the discs arrived packaged with the November issue of AP magazine in mid December, on April 2,2012, Third Man Records released 1000 flexi discs tied to blue helium balloons into the air in Nashville, Tennessee. The discs contained the first release of Freedom At 21, a track on Jack Whites debut solo album and it is estimated that fewer than 100 of the discs will ever be found and they will be a valuable collectors item for many years
13.
British Phonographic Industry
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The BPI Limited, commonly known as the British Phonographic Industry or BPI, is the British recorded music industrys trade association. Its membership comprises hundreds of companies including all three major record companies in the UK, and hundreds of independent music labels and small to medium-sized music businesses. It has represented the interests of British record companies since being formally incorporated in 1973 when the aim was to promote British music. In 2007, the legal name was changed from British Phonographic Industry Limited. It founded the annual BRIT Awards for the British music industry in 1977, the organizing company, BRIT Awards Limited, is a fully owned subsidiary of the BPI. Proceeds from both shows go to the BRIT Trust, the arm of the BPI that has donated almost £15m to charitable causes nationwide since its foundation in 1989. In September 2013, the BPI presented the first ever BRITs Icon Award to Sir Elton John, the BPI also endorsed the launch of the Mercury Prize for the Album of the Year in 1992. In September 2008, the BPI became one of the members of UK Music. The BRIT Trust is the music charity actively supporting all types of education across the entire spectrum of music. Through the projects it supports, which include Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy and the BRIT School, proceeds from the BRIT Awards and the Classic BRITs shows go to the BRIT Trust, which has donated almost £15m to charitable causes nationwide since its foundation. Opened in September 1991, the BRIT School is a joint venture between The BRIT Trust and the Department for Education and Skills, based at Selhurst in Croydon, the school is the only non fee-paying performing arts school in the UK. It teaches up to 1,100 students each year aged from 14–19 years in music, dance, drama, musical theatre, production, media and art & design. Students are from diverse backgrounds and are not required to stick to their own discipline, dancers learn songwriting. Nor do students have to work/perform in the evening to pay for the tuition, the BPI administers the Platinum, Gold and Silver awards scheme for music releases in the United Kingdom. The level of the award varies depending on the format of the release, member companies do, however, still have the option to certify titles based on shipment levels if they choose to. Since July 2014, audio streaming has also included for singles at a ratio of 100 streams equivalent to 1 unit. From June 2015, audio streams were added to album certifications, according to BPI, they would take the 12 most-streamed tracks from the standard version of an album, with the top two songs down-weighted in line with the average of the rest. The total of these streams will be divided by 1,000, additionally, personnel are also seconded to the City of London Police Intellectual Property Crime Unit top support anti-piracy operations
14.
Recording Industry Association of America
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The Recording Industry Association of America is a continental North and South American trade organization that represents the recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors, which the RIAA says create, the RIAA headquarters is in Washington, D. C. The RIAA was formed in 1952 and its original mission was to administer recording copyright fees and problems, work with trade unions, and do research relating to the record industry and government regulations. Early RIAA standards included the RIAA equalization curve, the format of the record groove and the dimensions of 33 1/3 rpm,45 rpm. Since 2001, the RIAA has spent $2 to $6 million each year on lobbying in the United States, the RIAA also participates in the collective rights management of sound recordings, and it is responsible for certifying Gold and Platinum albums and singles in the United States. Cary Sherman has been the RIAAs chairman and CEO since 2011, Sherman joined the RIAA as its general counsel in 1997 and became president of the board of directors in 2001, serving in that position until being made chairman and CEO. Mitch Glazier has been the RIAAs senior executive vice president since 2011 and he served as executive vice president for public policy and industry relations from 2000 to 2011. The past RIAA chairman and CEO is Mitch Bainwol, who served from 2003 to 2011 and he left in 2011 to become president and CEO of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. The board of directors consists of 26 members of the board, the RIAA operates an award program for albums that sell a large number of copies. The program originally began in 1958, with a Gold Award for singles, the criterion was changed in 1975 to the number of copies sold, with albums selling 500,000 copies awarded the Gold Award. In 1976, a Platinum Award was added for one million sales, the awards are open to both RIAA members and non-members. Since 2000, the RIAA also operates a program for Latin music sales. Currently, a Disco De Oro is awarded for 30,000 units, the RIAA defines Latin music as a type of release with 51% or more of its content recorded in Spanish. In 2006, digital ringtones were added to branch of certification. In the same year, the RIAA introduced the Latin Digital Award for digital recordings in Spanish and this release format includes DVD and VHS releases, and certain live albums and compilation albums. The certification criteria is different from other styles. Gold,50,000 Platinum,100,000 Multi-Platinum,200,000 copies The RIAA opposes unauthorized sharing of its music, studies conducted since the association began its campaign against peer-to-peer file-sharing have concluded that losses incurred per download range from negligible to moderate. The association has commenced high-profile lawsuits against file sharing service providers and it has also commenced a series of lawsuits against individuals suspected of file sharing, notably college students and parents of file sharing children
15.
Patrick Henry
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Patrick Henry was an American attorney, planter and politician who became known as an orator during the movement for independence in Virginia. A Founding Father, he served as the first and sixth post-colonial Governor of Virginia, from 1776 to 1779, Henry led the opposition to the Stamp Act 1765 and is remembered for his Give me liberty, or give me death. After the Revolution, Henry was a leader of the anti-federalists in Virginia and he opposed the United States Constitution, fearing that it endangered the rights of the States as well as the freedoms of individuals, he helped gain adoption of the Bill of Rights. However, by 1798 he supported President John Adams and the Federalists and he denounced passage of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions as he feared the social unrest and widespread executions that had followed the increasing radicalism of the French Revolution. After he married, Henry began acquiring extensive land holdings, by 1779, along with his cousin and her husband, Henry owned a 10, 000-acre plantation known as Leatherwood. He is also recorded having purchased up to 78 slaves, in 1794, he and his wife retired to Red Hill Plantation, comprising 520 acres in Charlotte County, which was also a functioning tobacco plantation. Henry was born at Studley, the farm, in Hanover County in the Colony of Virginia. His father was John Henry, an immigrant from Aberdeenshire, Scotland, settling in Hanover County, in about 1732 John Henry married Sarah Winston Syme, a wealthy widow from a prominent Hanover County family of English ancestry. Patrick Henry was once thought to have been of humble origins, Henry attended local schools for a few years, and then was tutored by his father. He tried to start in business but was not successful, in 1754 Henry married Sarah Shelton, reportedly in the parlor of her family house, Rural Plains. As a wedding gift, her father gave the couple six slaves, with his marriage, he became a slaveholder and landowner. Henry worked with his slaves on the land because it was a property, it was exhausted from tobacco cultivation. After the main house burned, the moved for a short time with their two children into the 20 by 60 foot Honeymoon Cottage, a one-story building with attic. They later moved to the Hanover Tavern, owned by Sarahs father and they sold Pine Slash Plantation in 1764, after Henry started working as a lawyer. The Henrys had six children together, one of whom married a brother of poet Thomas Campbell, in 1771 the family moved to Scotchtown Plantation, also in Hanover County. Sarah became mentally ill and died there in 1775, on October 25,1777, 41-year-old Henry married his second wife, 22-year-old Dorothea Dandridge. The next year moved to Williamsburg after his election as governor. In 1779 they moved to the 10, 000-acre Leatherwood Plantation, Henry began a career as a planter, but the soil was poor and their main house was destroyed by fire in 1757
16.
Consumerism
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Consumerism is a social and economic order and ideology that encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts. In economics, consumerism may refer to policies which emphasise consumption. In this sense, consumerism expresses the idea not of one man, one voice, but of one dollar, one voice, the term consumerism has several definitions. These definitions may not be related to other and confusingly. One sense of the term relates to efforts to support consumers interests, by the early 1970s it had become the accepted term for the field and began to be used in these ways, Consumerism is the concept that consumers should be informed decision makers in the marketplace. Practices such as product testing make consumers informed, Consumerism is the concept that the marketplace itself is responsible for ensuring social justice through fair economic practices. Consumer protection policies and laws compel manufacturers to make products safe, Consumerism refers to the field of studying, regulating, or interacting with the marketplace. The consumer movement is the movement which refers to all actions. While the above definitions were becoming established, other people using the term consumerism to mean high levels of consumption. This definition has gained popularity since the 1970s and began to be used in ways, Consumerism is the selfish and frivolous collecting of products. In protest against this, some people promote anti-consumerism and advocate simple living, Consumerism is a force from the marketplace which destroys individuality and harms society. It is related to globalization and in protest against this some people promote the anti-globalization movement, vance Packard worked to change the meaning of the term consumerism from a positive word about consumer practices to a negative word meaning excessive materialism and waste. The ads for his 1960 book The Waste Makers prominently featured the word consumerism in a negative way, the consumer society emerged in the late seventeenth century and intensified throughout the eighteenth century. This included sugar, tobacco, tea and coffee, these were grown on vast plantations in the Caribbean as demand steadily rose. In particular, sugar consumption in Britain during the course of the 18th century increased by a factor of 20, critics argue that colonialism was indeed a driver of consumerism, but they would place the emphasis on the supply rather than the demand as the motivating factor. An increasing mass of exotic imports as well as domestic manufactures had to be consumed by the number of people who had been consuming far less than was becoming necessary. That idea was produced later, more or less strategically in order to intensify consumption domestically, marketplaces expanded as shopping centres, such as the New Exchange, opened in 1609 by Robert Cecil in the Strand. Shops started to become important as places for Londoners to meet and socialise, restoration London also saw the growth of luxury buildings as advertisements for social position with speculative architects like Nicholas Barbon and Lionel Cranfield
17.
New wave music
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New wave is a genre of rock music popular from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s with ties to 1970s punk rock. New wave moved away from smooth blues and rock and roll sounds to create pop music that incorporated electronic and experimental music, mod, initially new wave was similar to punk rock, before becoming a distinct genre. It subsequently engendered subgenres and fusions, including synth-pop, college rock, common characteristics of new wave music include the use of synthesizers and electronic productions, the importance of styling and the arts, as well as diversity. In the mid-1980s, differences between new wave and other genres began to blur. New wave has enjoyed resurgences since the 1990s, after a rising nostalgia for several new wave-influenced artists, subsequently, the genre influenced other genres. During the 2000s, a number of acts explored new wave and post-punk influences, such as the Strokes, Interpol, Franz Ferdinand and these acts were sometimes labeled new wave of new wave. The catch-all nature of new music has been a source of much confusion. The 1985 discography Whos New Wave in Music listed artists in over 130 separate categories, the New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock calls the term virtually meaningless, while AllMusic mentions stylistic diversity. New wave first emerged as a genre in the early 1970s, used by critics including Nick Kent and Dave Marsh to classify such New York-based groups as the Velvet Underground. It gained currency beginning in 1976 when it appeared in UK punk fanzines such as Sniffin Glue and newsagent music weeklies such as Melody Maker and New Musical Express. In November 1976 Caroline Coon used Malcolm McLarens term new wave to designate music by bands not exactly punk, the term was also used in that sense by music journalist Charles Shaar Murray in his comments about the Boomtown Rats. For a period of time in 1976 and 1977, the new wave. By the end of 1977, new wave had replaced punk as the definition for new music in the UK. As radio consultants in the United States had advised their clients that punk rock was a fad, like the filmmakers of the French new wave movement, its new artists were anti-corporate and experimental. At first, most U. S. writers exclusively used the new wave for British punk acts. Music historian Vernon Joynson claimed that new wave emerged in the UK in late 1976, in the U. S. the first new wavers were the not-so-punk acts associated with the New York club CBGB. CBGB owner Hilly Kristal, referring to the first show of the band Television at his club in March 1974, said, furthermore, many artists who would have originally been classified as punk were also termed new wave. A1977 Phonogram Records compilation album of the same name features US artists including the Dead Boys, Ramones, Talking Heads, New wave is much more closely tied to punk and came and went more quickly in the United Kingdom than in the United States
18.
Satirical
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Although satire is usually meant to be humorous, its greater purpose is often constructive social criticism, using wit to draw attention to both particular and wider issues in society. This militant irony or sarcasm often professes to approve of the things the satirist wishes to attack. Satire is nowadays found in artistic forms of expression, including literature, plays, commentary, television shows. The word satire comes from the Latin word satur and the subsequent phrase lanx satura, satur meant full but the juxtaposition with lanx shifted the meaning to miscellany or medley, the expression lanx satura literally means a full dish of various kinds of fruits. The word satura as used by Quintilian, however, was used to denote only Roman verse satire, a genre that imposed hexameter form. Quintilian famously said that satura, that is a satire in hexameter verses, was a genre of wholly Roman origin. He was aware of and commented on Greek satire, but at the time did not label it as such, the first critic to use the term satire in the modern broader sense was Apuleius. To Quintilian, the satire was a literary form. The odd result is that the English “satire” comes from the Latin satura, by about the 4th century AD the writer of satires came to be known as satyricus, St. Jerome, for example, was called by one of his enemies a satirist in prose. Subsequent orthographic modifications obscured the Latin origin of the satire, satura becomes satyra. The word satire derives from satura, and its origin was not influenced by the Greek mythological figure of the satyr, in the 17th century, philologist Isaac Casaubon was the first to dispute the etymology of satire from satyr, contrary to the belief up to that time. Laughter is not a component of satire, in fact there are types of satire that are not meant to be funny at all. Conversely, not all humour, even on such topics as politics, religion or art is necessarily satirical, even when it uses the tools of irony, parody. Even light-hearted satire has a serious after-taste, the organizers of the Ig Nobel Prize describe this as first make people laugh, Satire and irony in some cases have been regarded as the most effective source to understand a society, the oldest form of social study. They provide the keenest insights into a groups collective psyche, reveal its deepest values and tastes, some authors have regarded satire as superior to non-comic and non-artistic disciplines like history or anthropology. In a prominent example from ancient Greece, philosopher Plato, when asked by a friend for a book to understand Athenian society, historically, satire has satisfied the popular need to debunk and ridicule the leading figures in politics, economy, religion and other prominent realms of power. Satire confronts public discourse and the imaginary, playing as a public opinion counterweight to power, by challenging leaders. For instance, it forces administrations to clarify, amend or establish their policies, Satires job is to expose problems and contradictions, and its not obligated to solve them
19.
Music industry
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The modern Western music industry emerged between the 1930s and 1950s, when records replaced sheet music as the most important product in the music business. In the commercial world, the recording industry–a reference to recording performances of songs and pieces, labels outside of these three major labels are referred to as independent labels. The largest portion of the music market for concerts and tours is controlled by Live Nation. Live Nation is a subsidiary of iHeartMedia Inc, which is the largest owner of radio stations in the United States. In the first decades of the 2000s, the industry underwent drastic changes with the advent of widespread digital distribution of music via the Internet. A conspicuous indicator of changes is total music sales, since 2000. In 2011, the largest recorded music retailer in the world was now a digital, Internet-based platform operated by a computer company, printed music in Europe, Music publishing using machine-printed sheet music developed during the Renaissance music era in the mid-15th century. The development of music followed the evolution of printing technologies that were first developed for printing regular books. After the mid-15th century, mechanical techniques for printing music were first developed. The earliest example, a set of chants, dates from about 1465. Prior to this time, music had to be copied out by hand, to copy music notation by hand was a very costly, labor-intensive and time-consuming process, so it was usually undertaken only by monks and priests seeking to preserve sacred music for the church. The few collections of music that are extant were commissioned and owned by wealthy aristocrats. Examples include the Squarcialupi Codex of Italian Trecento music and the Chantilly Codex of French Ars subtilior music, the use of printing enabled sheet music to reproduced much more quickly and at a much lower cost than hand-copying music notation. This helped musical styles to spread to cities and countries more quickly. With music printing, though, a composers music could be printed, as sheet music of major composers pieces and songs began to be printed and distributed in a wider area, this enabled composers and listeners to hear new styles and forms of music. A German composer could buy songs written by an Italian or English composer, and this led to more blending of musical styles from different countries and regions. The pioneer of music printing was Ottaviano Petrucci, a printer and publisher who was able to secure a twenty-year monopoly on printed music in Venice during the 16th century. Venice was one of the business and music centers during this period
20.
My Sharona
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My Sharona is the debut single by the Knack. The song was written by Berton Averre and Doug Fieger, and it reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart where it remained for 6 weeks, and was number one on Billboards 1979 Top Pop Singles year-end chart. The characteristic riff of My Sharona was written by the bands guitarist, Berton Averre, when Fieger was 25, he met 17-year-old Sharona Alperin, who inspired a two-month-long run of songwriting, as well as becoming Fiegers girlfriend for the next four years. Fieger recounted that It was like getting hit in the head with a baseball bat, and when that happened, it sparked something and I started writing a lot of songs feverishly in a short amount of time. Fieger and Averre worked out the structure and melody of the song, Averre was originally averse to using Alperins name in the song, but Fieger wanted it to be a direct expression of his feelings, Averre ultimately relented. Fieger claimed that My Sharona was written in 15 minutes, the music of the song echoes many elements of songs from the 1960s. According to a Trouser Press reviewer, the main melodic hook is an inversion of the signature riff from Gimme Some Lovin. Fieger has acknowledged that the songs tom-tom drum rhythm is just a rewrite of Going to a Go-Go, a song from Smokey Robinson and the Miracles from 1965. Drummer Bruce Gary has stated that although he didnt particularly like the song when Fieger introduced it to the band, he came up with the stuttering beat for the song similar to a surf stomp. He also decided to incorporate a flam, in which two drum strokes are staggered, creating a sound, which Gary considered to be crucial to the songs success. In an interview with The Washington Post, Fieger noted that the song was written from the perspective of a 14-year-old boy. The songs stuttering vocal effect of the repeated muh muh muh my Sharona phrase is reminiscent of Roger Daltreys vocals in the 1965 song My Generation by the Who. In addition to being the inspiration for the song, Sharona Alperin posed for the picture sleeve holding a copy of The Knacks debut album Get the Knack. The songs clean production sound was reminiscent of the sound of the 1960s British Invasion. In the Pazz & Jop 1979 Critics Poll My Sharona and Fleetwood Macs Tusk were tied for place in the list of top singles of the year. Chris Woodstra of Allmusic has subsequently referred to the song as an unforgettable hit, the New Rolling Stone Album Guide claimed that the song was a hit for a good reason. The beat is urgent, the calls out for drunken shouting along. The New York Times called the song an emblem of the new era in rock
21.
Portland, Oregon
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Portland is a port and the largest city in the U. S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County. It is in the Willamette Valley region of the Pacific Northwest, at the confluence of the Willamette, the city covers 145 square miles and had an estimated population of 632,309 in 2015, making it the 26th most populous city in the United States. Approximately 2,389,228 people live in the Portland metropolitan statistical area and its Combined Statistical Area ranks 17th with a population of 3,022,178. Roughly 60% of Oregons population resides within the Portland metropolitan area, named after Portland, Maine, the Oregon settlement began to be populated in the 1830s near the end of the Oregon Trail. Its water access provided convenient transportation of goods, and the industry was a major force in the citys early economy. At the turn of the 20th century, the city had a reputation as one of the most dangerous cities in the world. After the citys economy experienced a boom during World War II. Beginning in the 1960s, Portland became noted for its liberal political values, and the city has earned a reputation as a bastion of counterculture. According to a 2009 Pew Research Center study, Portland ranks as the eighth most popular American city, the city operates with a commission-based government guided by a mayor and four commissioners as well as Metro, the only directly elected metropolitan planning organization in the United States. The city government is notable for its planning and investment in public transportation. Its climate is marked by warm, dry summers and cool and this climate is ideal for growing roses, and Portland has been called the City of Roses for over a century. Keep Portland Weird is a slogan for the city. During the prehistoric period, the land that would become Portland was flooded after the collapse of glacial dams from Lake Missoula and these massive floods occurred during the last ice age and filled the Willamette Valley with 300 to 400 feet of water. The Chinook people occupying the land which would become Portland were first documented by Meriwether Lewis, before its European settlement, the Portland Basin of the lower Columbia River and Willamette River valleys had been one of the most densely populated regions on the Pacific Coast. Large numbers of settlers began arriving in the Willamette Valley in the 1830s via the Oregon Trail. In the early 1840s a new settlement began emerging ten miles from the mouth of the Willamette River and this community was initially referred to as Stumptown and The Clearing because of the many trees cut down to allow for its growth. In 1843 William Overton saw potential in the new settlement but lacked the funds to file a land claim. For 25 cents Overton agreed to half of the 640-acre site with Asa Lovejoy of Boston
22.
Jazz
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Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a form of musical expression. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms, Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience, intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as one of Americas original art forms. As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different national, regional, and local musical cultures, New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging musicians music which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed in the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or musical scale, as the basis of musical structure and improvisation. Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, combining jazz improvisation with rock rhythms, electric instruments. In the early 1980s, a form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful. Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s, such as Latin, the question of the origin of the word jazz has resulted in considerable research, and its history is well documented. It is believed to be related to jasm, a term dating back to 1860 meaning pep. The use of the word in a context was documented as early as 1915 in the Chicago Daily Tribune. Its first documented use in a context in New Orleans was in a November 14,1916 Times-Picayune article about jas bands. In an interview with NPR, musician Eubie Blake offered his recollections of the slang connotations of the term, saying, When Broadway picked it up. That was dirty, and if you knew what it was, the American Dialect Society named it the Word of the Twentieth Century. Jazz has proved to be difficult to define, since it encompasses such a wide range of music spanning a period of over 100 years. Attempts have been made to define jazz from the perspective of other musical traditions, in the opinion of Robert Christgau, most of us would say that inventing meaning while letting loose is the essence and promise of jazz. As Duke Ellington, one of jazzs most famous figures, said, although jazz is considered highly difficult to define, at least in part because it contains so many varied subgenres, improvisation is consistently regarded as being one of its key elements
23.
East Bay Ray
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Raymond John Pepperell, better known by his stage name East Bay Ray, is a guitarist best known for his membership in the San Francisco Bay area-based punk band Dead Kennedys. Before the Dead Kennedys, East Bay Ray played guitar with a San Francisco Bay Area based rockabilly/doo-wop bar band Cruisin, releasing one single, Vickys Hickey, the Dead Kennedys were a notably idiosyncratic punk rock band. Although they kept their music for the most part loud, fast, with help from Jello Biafra and Klaus Flouride, East Bay Ray crafted a distinct and driving guitar style and sound. East Bay Rays fondness for spaghetti western music is evidenced by a 7 single he recorded in 1984 called Trouble in Town/Poison Heart, after Dead Kennedys stopped touring in February 1986, East Bay Ray formed the band Kage with female vocalist Bana Witt. He composed and recorded a track for an early independent film by David Siegel and Scott McGhee. In the early 90s, Ray formed the funk/rock band Skrapyard and released Sex is Sex on Alternative Tentacles featuring Ron West, Robert Ball, Andy Kaps and Jason Collins. In 2000, Ray appeared on Hed PEs second studio album, Broke, performing guitar on the song Waiting to Die. and he mixed Holiday in Cambodia/Police Truck. Ray was one of the founders of the original Alternative Tentacles Records, set up for artists and Dead Kennedys. Ray recently mixed and produced two CDs of live Dead Kennedys recordings, Mutiny on the Bay and Live at the Deaf Club, East Bay Ray headed the legal struggle to win ownership of Dead Kennedys intellectual property and to secure royalties withheld from the band by Jello Biafra. Biafra was found liable for defrauding the band. Ray authorized and had a credit for a CD of live Dead Kennedys recordings, Mutiny on the Bay. However, earlier in their career, Biafra, along with the band members, approved the use of Dead Kennedys songs in the major film corporation releases Neighbors. Fairly recently, Biafra himself approved the license to Tony Hawks video game, Ray was a featured artist in the April 2006 edition of Guitar Player magazine talking about recording production techniques and in the January 2006 issue of Guitar World. Ray guests on the track Guitar Hero on The Dresden Dolls lead singer/pianist Amanda Palmers solo debut, Ray also released Trouble in town 7 single in 1984, featuring Poisoned heart and Trouble in town, with guest vocalists Vince and Steve One. 2007 Interview with East Bay Ray
24.
Holiday in Cambodia
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Holiday in Cambodia is a song by American punk rock band Dead Kennedys. The record was released as the second single in May 1980 on Optional Music with Police Truck as its b-side. The song is an attack on a stereotypical, moralizing, privileged American college student, the song also mentions the Dr. Seuss short story The Sneetches. In October 1998, Biafra was sued by members of Dead Kennedys. However, the members claimed that their royalties had been defrauded. The record industry has been skimming royalties owed artists since the beginning, according to Dead Kennedys guitarist East Bay Ray and this case is no different from blues musicians being taken advantage of in the twenties and thirties. Many people doubted the claims we made against our former record label back in 1998, Biafra lost the lawsuit and as the owner of Alternative Tentacles was ordered to pay $200,000 in damages to the other band members. Optional Music — OPT4 It is featured in Class, Neighbors, Punks Not Dead, Spider and Rose, Boy Meets Girl and it is featured in an episode of Druckfrisch. It is referenced on disc Tercer asalto of the Spanish group Def Con Dos, the master track is downloadable content for the video game Rock Band. A cover of the version with slightly sanitized lyrics is featured in Guitar Hero III. It has been covered by Earth Crisis, Lääz Rockit and Boysetsfire and it has been parodied by musical comedian Richard Cheese to resemble a Christmas song. It was covered by Duckmandu on the 2005 album Fresh Duck for Rotting Accordionists and it was parodied by Clarence Blowfly Reid as R. Kelly in Cambodia on the 2006 album Blowflys Punk Rock Party. Biafra makes a cameo as a judge and also released the album on his Alternative Tentacles label. Instrumental version of it appears on Bay Area pianist DJ Lebowitzs Beware of the Piano, at the 2007 MTV Video Music Awards, on September 9, Foo Fighters, along with Serj Tankian covered the song in The Palms Casino Hotel, in one of the Fantasy Suites. Serj Tankian and the Foo Fighters have played the song while Tankian supported the Foo Fighters on their UK tour, Tankian has played it while touring solo. Foo Fighters released it as a b-side to their Long Road to Ruin single, released in October 12,2010, the Covers of the Damned EP by Atreyu and their fellow tour-mates contained a cover of the song as its second track. Punk rock band Office of Future Plans and Damon Locks of The Eternals performed a version of the song in December 2011 for The A. V, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
25.
Too Drunk to Fuck
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Too Drunk to Fuck was the fourth single by Dead Kennedys. The record was released in May 1981 on Cherry Red Records with The Prey as the B-side, both songs from this single are available on the rarities album Give Me Convenience or Give Me Death. The single reached Number 36 in the UK Singles Chart, although it was not stocked in some record shops because of its provocative title and it was the first UK Top 40 single to include the word fuck in its title. It was banned from Radio 1 airplay by the BBC, in chart listings, it was usually referred to as Too Drunk To. When it reached the Top 40, presenter Tony Blackburn referred to it simply as a record by a group calling themselves The Dead Kennedys. The song features a heavy surf rock/garage rock riff from guitarist East Bay Ray and satirical lyrics from Jello Biafra that paint a trenchant picture of an outrageous, the song ends with a sound of a man vomiting. After the rest of the band were awarded the rights to the Dead Kennedys material, almost immediately, Biafra criticized his former bandmates, specifically citing the song being used in a rape scene in the movie, saying Some people will do anything for money. The rest of the band responded in kind, challenging him to donate his share of the money to charity, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
26.
Kill the Poor
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Kill the Poor was the third single by the Dead Kennedys. The record was released in October 1980 on Cherry Red Records with In-sight as the b-side, the title track was re-recorded for the bands first album, Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables, although the single and album versions show little difference in comparison. The b-side of this single is also additionally on the compilation album Give Me Convenience or Give Me Death, kill the Poor at Allmusic Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
27.
Bleed for Me (Dead Kennedys song)
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Bleed for Me was the sixth single by punk rock band Dead Kennedys. It was released in July 1982 on Alternative Tentacles, the music is cold and intimidating, and the lyrics describe kidnappings and torture carried out by a secret police. The song was performed for the film Urgh. A Music War, with a different bridge about Rosalynn Carter, during live performances with the Melvins in the 9/11-Afghanistan-Iraq War era, Jello substituted Muslims for Russians in the verse So whats ten million dead, if its keeping out the Russians. The single version is different from that on Plastic Surgery Disasters, ronald Reagan in music Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
28.
I Fought the Law
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The song was written in 1958 by Sonny Curtis, and recorded in 1959 when he joined the Crickets, taking the place of the late Buddy Holly on guitar. Mauldin and Jerry Allison continued their positions on the bass and drums, respectively. The song was on their 1960 LP, In Style with the Crickets, the song never received any airplay. Milwaukees Paul Stefen and the Royal Lancers covered the song in 1962, it provided them with a local hit, in 1964, Sammy Masters recorded his cover of the song. That same year, the song was recorded by Bobby Fuller and his band on his own Exeter label in El Paso, which solidified the bands popularity in the West Texas area with one of his biggest local hits. After enjoying regional success in Texas, Bobby Fuller and band decided to switch to a major label—Del-Fi Records under Mustang Records—and they became known as the Bobby Fuller Four. While producing minor hits, the broke the national top ten when they re-recorded I Fought the Law in 1965 with Bobby Fuller, Randy Fuller, Jim Reese. The Los Angeles Police Department declared the death an apparent suicide, in mid-1978, the Clash were working on their second album, Give Em Enough Rope. Singer Joe Strummer and guitarist Mick Jones flew out to San Francisco to record overdubs in September–October at the Automatt studio, the owner of The Automatt kept his collection of classic jukeboxes distributed around the various rooms of the studio complex. Strummer and Jones listened to the Bobby Fuller version of I Fought the Law for the first time on one of the jukeboxes, and by the time they returned to England they could perform the song. Their version first appeared on the EP The Cost of Living in May 1979 in the UK and this cover version helped gain the Clash their first taste of airplay in the States and is one of the best-known cover versions of the song. The live recording of the song, performed at the Lyceum Theatre, West End, London on December 28,1978, features as the last piece of the 1980 film Rude Boy directed by Jack Hazan and David Mingay. The Clash were dressed all in black for that gig and the song, on July 26,1979, I Fought the Law was the first single by the band to be released in the United States. In 1988, CBS Records re-issued the single in CD,12 and 7 vinyl formats, the song is featured as a downloadable track in the music video game series Rock Band. In 1989 during Operation Just Cause, the US military surrounded the Apostolic Nunciature in Panama while trying to capture Manuel Noriega, US forces blasted loud rock music—including I Fought the Law by the Clash—to put pressure on Noriega to give himself up. In 2012, the Clashs version of the song was featured in the video game Sleeping Dogs, the song appears during the end credits of the 2014 film RoboCop and the 2016 film War on Everyone. Released as the albums first single, it was a hit and peaked at #15 on Billboards Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The punk band Dead Kennedys put together their own version of I Fought The Law shortly after San Francisco politician Dan White murdered city Supervisor Harvey Milk and Mayor George Moscone in 1978
29.
Halloween (Dead Kennedys song)
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Halloween is the seventh and final single by Dead Kennedys. It was released in December 1982 on Alternative Tentacles, the song is from the bands second album, Plastic Surgery Disasters. The song is about Halloween and questions why people dont celebrate it every day. Halloween says that people are too shy to express themselves that way on a daily basis because of people might say, as shown in the line People out on the street. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics Official website
30.
UK Indie Chart
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The UK Independent Singles Chart and UK Independent Albums Chart are charts of the best-selling independent singles and albums, respectively, in the United Kingdom. They are published weekly by the Official Charts Company, by 1978, labels like Cherry Red, Rough Trade, and Mute had started up, and a support structure soon followed, including independent pressing, distribution and promotion. These labels got bigger and bigger, and by 1980 were having top 10 hits in the UK Singles Chart. Chart success was limited, however, since the official top 40 was based on sales at large chains, in 1981, compilation of the chart switched to research company MRIB. The chart served to give exposure to the independent labels and the artists on those labels, in 1985, Music Week started compiling its own indie chart, but failed to meet the authority of the original chart. Other weekly music papers also published their own charts, often compiled from record shops. To be included in the chart, a record had to be distributed independently of the corporate framework of the major record companies. Large independent distributors emerged such as Pinnacle and Spartan, and there later emerged The Cartel, an association of regional distributors including Rough Trade, Backs, and Red Rhino. Although the independent chart has less relevance today, The Official UK Charts Company still compiles a chart, the UK Indie Chart was significantly altered in June 2009. Its new system altered the qualification criteria to include singles from labels that were at least fifty per cent owned by a record company that was not one of the main four record companies. This prevented major record companies from qualifying for the chart by outsourcing the shipping of their singles to smaller distribution services. These new changes were first unveiled at the 2008 annual general meeting of the British Phonographic Industry on 9 July, and the new chart went live on 29 June 2009. The first song to top the chart under the new system was Bonkers by Dizzee Rascal, which also made it to No.1 in the main UK Singles Chart
31.
Brandon Cruz
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Brandon Edwin Cruz is an American actor best known for his role as Eddie Corbett, son of widower Tom Corbett on the comedy-drama The Courtship of Eddies Father. Cruz is also a rock musician, and works in drug. Cruz was born in Bakersfield, California, and moved to Silver Strand Beach in Ventura County, California, with his family at the age of 2 months. At age five he auditioned for, and won, his role as Eddie Corbett in the television series The Courtship of Eddies Father. Bixby and Cruz spent considerable time together, especially when the show was on hiatus, prompting Cruz to tell American Profile magazine, Cruz also played the role of Joey Turner, the Yankees pitcher, in the 1976 movie The Bad News Bears. Cruz turned his attention to music in the 1980s, performing with the punk band Dr. Know. The group released several records before dissolving in 2012, Cruz also served as lead vocalist with Dead Kennedys from 2001 until 2003. Cruz was interviewed in the documentary film American Hardcore, The History of American Punk Rock, reflecting on life after being a child star, which has brought tragedy to so many others, Cruz told American Profile, Surfing and punk rock probably saved my life. He has also worked behind-the-scenes in television as an assistant editor on the animated series South Park, in the 1990s, Cruz was said to have been active in A Minor Consideration, a support group for child actors and former child actors founded by Paul Petersen. As of April,2013, Cruz is working in the drug, Cruz has been married since June 1994 to actress Liz Cruz. They are the parents of a son and daughter and his sons middle name, Bixby, is in honor of Cruzs co-star and friend. Brandon Cruz at the Internet Movie Database
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Jeff Penalty
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Jeff Penalty is a writer, filmmaker, and musician, known mainly for his documentary work and his position as a former lead singer of Dead Kennedys. Penalty was born and raised in Broomall, Pennsylvania and he currently resides in Los Angeles, CA. Penaltys musical background was mostly as a drummer, performing temporarily with the Pennsylvania band Ralphus and he also played drums with Sidekick and The Eyeliners on one occasion each. He shared vocal duties in the Massachusetts pop punk act Just About Done, in 2003, Penalty became the vocalist for Dead Kennedys, replacing Dr. Knows Brandon Cruz, who was with the band for two years following their reformation without original vocalist Jello Biafra. Penalty had a fascination with Dead Kennedys ever since he listened to their debut album and he said singing for Dead Kennedys was the realization of a dream I never even dared to have. Joining the band at twenty-five, he was younger than his former bandmates. After performing over 50 shows with Dead Kennedys, in March 2008 Penalty announced he was parting ways with the band. Penalty has since filled in on drums with pop-punk band The Dollyrots for tours of Canada and California, Penalty directed and co-produced Do You Remember. Fifteen Years Of The Bouncing Souls, which won the Best Documentary Feature award at the 2003 D. I. Y. From 2006 through 2007, Alulis and Harlin traveled around the world with NOFX filming a documentary that later became the series NOFX. Alulis and Harlin served as directors, camera operators, and executive producers on the show and it was released as a double DVD set with two hours of bonus footage by Fat Wreck Chords on March 17,2009. It was released by Fat Wreck Chords on August 21,2015, Penalty, as Alulis, was the writer for NOFXs official autobiography, NOFX, The Hepatitis Bathtub and Other Stories, published by Da Capo Press on April 12,2016. The book reached number 9 on the New York Times bestseller list for paperback nonfiction two weeks after it was released and he was a featured author at the first Its Not Dead Festival in 2015. Franz Nicolay has recorded a song Jeff Penalty for his solo album, Major General
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