The Golden Rule is the principle of treating others as you want to be treated. It is a maxim, found in many religions and cultures, it can be considered an ethic of reciprocity in some religions, although other religions treat it differently. The maxim may appear as a positive or negative injunction governing conduct: Treat others as you would like others to treat you Do not treat others in ways that you would not like to be treated What you wish upon others, you wish upon yourself The idea dates at least to the early Confucian times, according to Rushworth Kidder, who identifies that this concept appears prominently in Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, "the rest of the world's major religions"; the concept of the Rule is codified in the Code of tablets. 143 leaders of the world's major faiths endorsed the Golden Rule as part of the 1993 "Declaration Toward a Global Ethic". According to Greg M. Epstein, it is "a concept that no religion misses entirely", but belief in God is not necessary to endorse it.

Simon Blackburn states that the Golden Rule can be "found in some form in every ethical tradition". The term "Golden Rule", or "Golden law", began to be used in the early 17th century in Britain by Anglican theologians and preachers; the earliest affirmation of the maxim of reciprocity, reflecting the ancient Egyptian goddess Ma'at, appears in the story of The Eloquent Peasant, which dates to the Middle Kingdom: "Now this is the command: Do to the doer to make him do." This proverb embodies. A Late Period papyrus contains an early negative affirmation of the Golden Rule: "That which you hate to be done to you, do not do to another." In Mahābhārata, the ancient epic of India, there is a discourse in which the wise minister Vidura advises the King Yuddhiśhṭhira Listening to wise scriptures, sacrifice, respectful faith, social welfare, purity of intent, compassion and self-control—are the ten wealth of character. O king aim for these, may you be steadfast in these qualities; these are the basis of rightful living.

These are highest attainable things. All worlds are balanced on dharma encompasses ways to prosperity as well. O King, dharma is the best quality to have, desire the lowest. Hence, by self-control and by making dharma your main focus, treat others as you treat yourself. In Chapter 32 in the Part on Virtue of the Tirukkuṛaḷ, Valluvar says: "Do not do to others what you know has hurt yourself", he furthermore opined that it is the determination of the spotless not to do evil in return, to those who have cherished enmity and done them evil. The punishment to those who have done evil, is to put them to shame by showing them kindness, in return and to forget both the evil and the good done on both sides; the Golden Rule in its prohibitive form was a common principle in ancient Greek philosophy. Examples of the general concept include: "Avoid doing what you would blame others for doing." – Thales "What you do not want to happen to you, do not do it yourself either. " – Sextus the Pythagorean. The oldest extant reference to Sextus is by Origen in the third century of the common era.

"Do not do to others that which angers you when they do it to you." – Isocrates The Pahlavi Texts of Zoroastrianism were an early source for the Golden Rule: "That nature alone is good which refrains from doing to another whatsoever is not good for itself." Dadisten-I-dinik, 94,5, "Whatever is disagreeable to yourself do not do unto others." Shayast-na-Shayast 13:29 Seneca the Younger, a practitioner of Stoicism expressed the Golden Rule in his essay regarding the treatment of slaves: "Treat your inferior as you would wish your superior to treat you." According to Simon Blackburn, the Golden Rule "can be found in some form in every ethical tradition". A rule of altruistic reciprocity was first stated positively in a well-known Torah verse: You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against your kinsfolk. Love your neighbor as yourself: I am the LORD. Hillel the Elder, used this verse as a most important message of the Torah for his teachings. Once, he was challenged by a gentile who asked to be converted under the condition that the Torah be explained to him while he stood on one foot.

Hillel accepted him as a candidate for conversion to Judaism but, drawing on Leviticus 19:18, briefed the man: What is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow: this is the whole Torah. Hillel recognized brotherly love as the fundamental principle of Jewish ethics. Rabbi Akiva agreed and suggested that the principle of love must have its foundation in Genesis chapter 1, which teaches that all men are the offspring of Adam, made in the image of God. According to Jewish rabbinic literature, the first man Adam represents the unity of mankind; this is echoed in the modern preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. And it is taught, that Adam is last in order according to the evolutionary character of God's creation:Why was only a single specimen of man created first? To teach us that he who destro

International Association for Semiotic Studies is the major world organisation of semioticians, established in 1969. Members of the Association include Algirdas Julien Greimas, Roman Jakobson, Julia Kristeva, Emile Benveniste, André Martinet, Roland Barthes, Umberto Eco, Thomas A. Sebeok, Juri Lotman; the official journal of the Association is Semiotica, published by De Gruyter Mouton. The working languages of the association are French; the Executive Committee of the IASS consists of the representatives from semiotic societies of member countries. The Association is organising the world congresses in semiotics. 1. Milan, June 2–6, 1974 2. Vienna, July 2–6, 1979 3. Palermo, June 24–29, 1984 4. Barcelona and Perpignan, March 31 – April 4, 1989 5. Berkeley, USA, June 12–18, 1994 6. Guadalajara, July 13–18, 1997 7. Dresden, October 6–11, 1999 8. Lyon, July 7–12, 2004 9. Helsinki and Imatra, June 11–17, 2007 10. A Coruña, September 22–26, 2009 See 11. Nanjing, October 5–9, 2012 See 12. Sofia, September 16–20, 2014 See 13.

Kaunas, June 26–30, 2017 vt 14. Buenos Aires, September 9–13, 2019 vt The list of the Presidents of the Association include Emile Benveniste Cesare Segre Jerzy Pelc Roland Posner Eero Tarasti Paul Cobley *IASS-AIS Page International Society for Biosemiotic Studies Semiotic Society of America International Association for Visual Semiotics

Webhelp is a technical consultancy, customer experience and business process outsourcing headquartered in Paris. Founded in June 2000 by Frédéric Jousset and Olivier Duha, Webhelp offered a real-time online assistance service for newbies, they launched call center operations, providing hotline services, information technology support and letter processing solutions. Webhelp provides business process management and outsourced services to more than 500 clients such as Sky, Shop Direct, Direct Énergie, KPN and AXA. Headquartered in Paris, Webhelp increased its revenue by 265% between 2011 and 2015 by focusing on transformational outsourcing, omnichannel engagement and data analysis to create optimal customer experiences. In 2011, London-based private equity firm Charterhouse Capital Partners acquired a major stake in the company although to 2016 and in February 2013, the Group announced to purchase Falkirk call centre firm HEROtsc. A private equity firm NEON, was acquired by Webhelp in February 2014.

And in 2015, Webhelp acquired call centers of Walter Services, based in Germany and the Czech Republic. The company continued to acquire Callpex, a customer management company based in Turkey. In the same year, Webhelp announced that it had entered into an agreement with KKR, a leading global investment firm, as a new investor and financial partner; the Webhelp management team became controlling shareholders alongside KKR, while Charterhouse Capital Partners stepped back after over four years of successful collaboration with the company. The transaction was closed in 2016. In 2016, Webhelp has continued to grow through acquisition. In June 2016, Webhelp acquired a leading Scandinavian customer experience firm. GoExcellent has nine centers across Sweden, Finland and Denmark, employs 1,700 people; this acquisition allowed for the launch of Webhelp Nordic, increased Webhelp's projected 2016 turnover to an estimated $1 billion. In July, Webhelp Xtrasource in the Netherlands announced plans to acquire top Dutch customer experience firm Contact2Value.

In October 2016, Webhelp announced the acquisition of Netino, a Paris-based social content moderation company present in ten countries and an international team of 400 people. The acquisition was completed by the end of 2016. In 2018, Webhelp opened a call centre in Tourcoing that employed more 300 employees and on June 19, 2018, Webhelp announced the acquisition of a German-based BPO giant SELLBYTEL from Omnicom, for an undisclosed amount. SELLBYTEL added consolidating the leadership in Europe; as of 2019, the Groupe Bruxelles Lambert bought a part of Webhelp from its former Investor Kohlberg Kravis Roberts. Webhelp Website

St Benet's Chapel is a redundant Roman Catholic chapel in Chapel Lane, Liverpool, England. The chapel and the attached priest's house are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. In the List it is described as "an important example of an early Catholic church and is one of the best preserved examples in the north-west", it is managed by the Historic Chapels Trust. The chapel and associated presbytery were built in 1793, replacing a cottage and barn, used by Benedictine priests, it was built soon after the Catholic Relief Acts of 1778 and 1791 that allowed Roman Catholics to worship openly. Despite this, only the presbytery was visible with the chapel concealed behind it; the chapel is owned by the Historic Chapels Trust. The presbytery is used as a residence for retired priests; the chapel is undergoing restoration in a way to present it as it would have been before the Second Vatican Council. The presbytery faces the chapel stretches at right angles from its rear.

Both buildings are constructed in brick with stone dressings. The chapel is in two bays with round-headed sash windows. On its west gable is a bellcote surmounted by a cross; the entrance is at the west end of the north side and consists of paired doors over, a blind tympanum. Internally, some of the fittings have been removed, those remaining are considered to be important. At the west end is a gallery with a stick balustrade, a dog-leg staircase on its north side. Around the chapel is a panelled dado and a cornice; the east wall is decorated with paired fluted Corinthian pilasters carrying an entablature with urns, a frieze with anthemions, an open pediment. Curtains hang from the pediment, which are open to display a descending dove, a Gloria and cherubs' heads with wings; the altar is marbled and dates from the 1830s. The presbytery appears from the road to be a "standard two-bay house", it has two storeys. Over all the windows are wedge lintels; the two windows in the ground floor of the entrance front are sashes with glazing bars.

Between the windows on the ground floor is a doorway containing a six-panel door with flat pilasters and an open pediment, over, a fanlight. Between the windows on the upper floor is a blind window. On the right side are two windows, one on each floor, a round-headed stair window at an intermediate level. On each side of the presbytery is a gable surmounted by a chimney stack. Grade II* listed buildings in Merseyside List of chapels preserved by the Historic Chapels Trust

Sean J. Morrison is a Canadian-American stem cell biologist and cancer researcher. Morrison is the director of Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern, a nonprofit research institute established in 2011 as a joint venture between Children’s Health System of Texas and UT Southwestern Medical Center; the CRI was established in 2011 by Morrison with the mission to perform transformative biomedical research at the interface of stem cell biology and metabolism to better understand the biological basis of disease. He is member of the National Academy of Medicine. From 2015 to 2016 Morrison served as the president of the International Society for Stem Cell Research. Morrison’s research group studies the mechanisms that regulate stem cell function in adult tissues and the ways in which cancer cells hijack those mechanisms to enable tumor formation. Morrison attend Dalhousie University and graduated with a BSc in biology and chemistry in 1991, he earned his Ph. D. in immunology in 1996 for working on the isolation and characterization of blood-forming stem cells in the laboratory of Dr. Irving L. Weissman at Stanford University.

Morrison worked as a postdoctoral fellow on the isolation and characterization of neural crest stem cells in Dr. David Anderson’s laboratory at the California Institute of Technology from 1996 to 1999. From 1999 to 2011, he was a professor at the University of Michigan, where he founded their Center for Stem Cell Biology. Morrison was a Searle Scholar, received the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, the International Society for Hematology and Stem Cells McCulloch and Till Award, the American Association of Anatomists Harland Mossman Award, a MERIT Award from the National Institute on Aging, he was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2018. The regulation of stem cell self-renewal Morrison developed methods to distinguish self-renewing stem cells from multipotent progenitors in the blood-forming system and in the peripheral and central nervous systems; this work showed that self-renewal potential is determined cell-intrinsically in stem cells and made it possible to identify gene products that regulate stem cell maintenance across multiple tissues.

The Morrison laboratory identified a series of key stem cell self-renewal regulators, revealing several important principles. First, stem cell self-renewal is mechanistically distinct from restricted progenitor proliferation. Second, many self-renewal mechanisms are conserved among stem cells in different tissues. Third, these mechanisms comprise networks of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors that are dysregulated in cancer. Fourth, the Morrison laboratory showed that these networks change over time, conferring temporal changes in stem cell properties that match the changing growth and regeneration demands of tissues. Fifth, tumor suppressor expression increases with age in stem cells, suppressing the development of cancer but reducing stem cell function and tissue regenerative capacity during aging. Identification of the hematopoietic stem cell niche The Morrison laboratory identified cell-extrinsic mechanisms by which the niche regulates the maintenance of blood-forming stem cells in adult blood-forming tissues.

They were the first to propose that hematopoietic stem cells reside in perivascular niches after discovering SLAM family markers that enabled the localization of HSCs in hematopoietic tissues. They showed in that study that most HSCs reside adjacent to sinusoidal blood vessels in the bone marrow and spleen, they showed that endothelial cells and Leptin Receptor+ perivascular stromal cells are the major sources of factors required for HSC maintenance in the bone marrow. The Leptin Receptor+ cells include skeletal stem cells that are a major source of new bone cells and adipocytes that form in adult bone marrow; the identification of these niche cells made it possible to test whether hematopoiesis or osteogenesis are regulated by yet undiscovered growth factors in the bone marrow. As a result of this work, the Morrison lab discovered Osteolectin/Clec11a, a bone-forming growth factor made by Leptin Receptor+ cells, required to maintain the adult skeleton by promoting osteogenesis. Cancer cell self-replication and metastasis The Morrison laboratory compared the self-renewal of stem cells to the self-replication of cancer cells.

They showed that tumorigenic cells are abundant in some cancers and that cancer cells experience a dramatic increase in reactive oxygen species during metastasis, leading to the death of most metastasizing cells. This discovery raises the possibility that “pro-oxidant” therapies that increase oxidative stress in cancer cells might inhibit cancer progression, an area of active investigation within the Morrison laboratory. Morrison has been active in shaping public policy related to stem cell research, he testified before the U. S. Congress, served as a leader in the successful “Proposal 2” campaign to protect and regulate stem cell research in Michigan’s state constitution, chairs the public policy committee for the International Society for Stem Cell Research. Sean J. Morrison, Ph. D. Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern Sean Morrison's Short Talk: "Stem Cell Politics"

Tulio Borgias is a Brazilian internet celebrity YouTuber, podcaster, e writer, known for the Borgias and ZDS YouTube channels and for his fantastic tales series Silence Antigo. Tulio Borgias started on YouTube when he was 24, when he created the "Borgias" channel by challenging and joking about the Nerd universe, but over the years his content style has changed. On the channel "Borgias" produces vlogs and lifestyle, he started his channel about the Nerd universe called "ZDS – Zona de Spoiler". In addition to his personal Instagram profile, Borgias has a travel profile along with his wife Leticia Dionizio named Bora Borgiar In mid-2016 he began writing his fantastic tales of the Silencio Antigo book series, along with his co-writer Sthaner Sousa. Book series still under development. An active Twitter personality. Borgias made a small appearance, acting as a waiter in Internet: O Filme. In 2019 while attending NASA training at the Capelinhos Volcano in the Azores, he met James B Garvin, who ran NASA's scientific department between 2004 and 2005.

NASA was at Capelinhos Volcano to train exploration of the Mars landscape and understand how it has evolved over the last million years