1.
Order of Canada
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The Order of Canada is a Canadian national order, admission into which is the second highest honour for merit in the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada. It comes second only to membership in the Order of Merit, membership is accorded to those who exemplify the orders Latin motto, desiderantes meliorem patriam, meaning they desire a better country, a phrase taken from Hebrews 11,16. Appointees to the order are recommended by a board and formally inducted by the governor general or the sovereign. As of October 2016,6,699 people have been appointed to the Order of Canada, including scientists, musicians, politicians, artists, athletes, business people, and film stars, benefactors, and others. Some have resigned or have been removed from the order, while other appointments have been controversial, appointees are presented with insignia and receive the right to armorial bearings. Pearson, who was assisted with the establishment of the order by John Matheson. Laurent, Hugh MacLennan, David Bauer, Gabrielle Roy, Donald Creighton, Thérèse Casgrain, Wilder Penfield, Arthur Lismer, M. J. Coldwell, Edwin Baker, Alex Colville, and Maurice Richard. From the Order of Canada grew a Canadian honours system, thereby reducing the use of British honours, by the 1980s, Canadas provinces began to develop their own distinct honours and decorations. The Canadian monarch, seen as the fount of honour, is at the apex of the Order of Canada as its Sovereign, followed by the governor general, who serves as the fellowships Chancellor. Thereafter follow three grades, which are, in order of precedence, Companion, Officer, and Member, each incumbent governor general is also installed as the Principal Companion for the duration of his or her time in the viceregal post and continues as an extraordinary Companion thereafter. As of March 2016, there have twenty one honorary appointments. There were originally, in effect, only two ranks to the Order of Canada, Companion and the Medal of Service, there was, however, also a third award, the Medal of Courage, meant to recognize acts of gallantry. This latter decoration fell in rank between the two levels, but was anomalous within the Order of Canada, being a separate award of a different nature rather than a middle grade of the order. Lester Pearsons vision of a structure to the order was thus fulfilled. Companions of the Order of Canada have demonstrated the highest degree of merit to Canada and humanity, up to 15 Companions are appointed annually, with an imposed limit of 165 living Companions at any given time, not including those appointed as extraordinary Companions or in an honorary capacity. As of October 2015, there are 143 living Companions, none being honorary, since 1994, substantive members are the only regular citizens who are empowered to administer the Canadian Oath of Citizenship. As of October 2015, there were 1,123 living Officers, Members of the Order of Canada have made an exceptional contribution to Canada or Canadians at a local or regional level, group, field or activity. As many as 136 Members may be appointed annually, not including extraordinary Members and those inducted on an honorary basis, as of October 2015, there were 2,225 living Members, none being honorary
2.
Order of Ontario
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The Order of Ontario is the most prestigious official honour in the Canadian province of Ontario. Canadian citizenship is not a requirement and elected or appointed members of a body are ineligible as long as they hold office. There are no limits on how many can belong to the order or be invested at one time, upon admission into the Order of Ontario, new Members are presented with the orders insignia. The main badge consists of a medallion in the form of a stylized trillium. The name of the Member is engraved on the reverse, along with the date of his or her investiture, Members also receive two lapel pins that can be worn during less formal occasions, and an official certificate. Canadian order of precedence Symbols of Ontario Order of Ontario webpage
3.
Orillia
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Orillia /əˈrɪliə/ is a Canadian city located in Simcoe County between Lake Couchiching and Lake Simcoe. Although located in Simcoe County, the city is politically independent and it is part of the Huronia region of Central Ontario. Originally incorporated as a village in 1867, the history of what is today the City of Orillia dates back at least several thousand years. Known as the Sunshine City, the large waterfront attracts many tourists to the area every year, as do a good number of annual festivals. The site of an Ojibwa reserve from 1830 to 1838, Orillia subsequently prospered as an agricultural, transportation links with Toronto and Georgian Bay stimulated Orillias development as a commercial centre and summer resort. The village of Orillia was incorporated in 1867, became a town in 1875, the city of Orillia is located on the shores of two connected lakes, Lake Simcoe and Lake Couchiching. Both lakes are part of the Trent-Severn Waterway, travel north on Lake Couchiching, then through three locks and the only marine railway in North America leads to Georgian Bay on Lake Huron. Travel south-east across Lake Simcoe, through many locks eventually leads to Lake Ontario, from either of these Great Lakes one can connect to the St. Lawrence and thence to the Atlantic Ocean. Also, there are archaeological sites in the surrounding area that provide evidence of trading, fishing. Also of historical note, the famed French explorer Samuel de Champlain visited the area that would later become Orillia in the early 17th century, ecole Samuel de Champlain, a local francophone elementary school, is named in his honour. A monument to Samuel de Champlain can also be found in Couchiching Beach Park, the book was based on Leacocks experiences in the town and the city has since the books release attempted to mimic the fictional location in as many ways as possible. The Stephen Leacock Museum, located in Orillia, is a National Historic Site, william E. Orillia was the first municipality in North America to introduce daylight saving time and had the first municipal hydro electric transmission plant in North America. Further backing the theory of a Spanish origin are the names of surrounding communities and landmarks, which include Oro for gold, Mariposa for butterfly, and Mono for monkey. Historical documents contain a second spelling of the name which was never officially recognised, Aurelia, according to the 2006 Canada Census, Orillia has a population of 30,259 living in an area of 28.61 square kilometres. The city has experienced growth, with a population increase of over 1,000 residents since the 2001 census. The median household income in 2005 for Orillia was $46,722, Orillia is governed by the Orillia City Council, which consists of 8 city councillors and a mayor. There are four wards in the city, from 1875 to 1969 was led by a reeve or mayor. From 1969 onwards the head of council was the Mayor, initial interest in Orillia came from fur traders who used the gathering place at the Narrows to do business with the many tribes that came there each spring and fall
4.
Folk music
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Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century, but is applied to music older than that. Some types of music are also called world music. Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways, as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers and it has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. Starting in the century, a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. This form of music is called contemporary folk music or folk revival music to distinguish it from earlier folk forms. Smaller, similar revivals have occurred elsewhere in the world at other times and this type of folk music also includes fusion genres such as folk rock, folk metal, electric folk, and others. Even individual songs may be a blend of the two, a consistent definition of traditional folk music is elusive. The terms folk music, folk song, and folk dance are comparatively recent expressions and they are extensions of the term folklore, which was coined in 1846 by the English antiquarian William Thoms to describe the traditions, customs, and superstitions of the uncultured classes. Traditional folk music also includes most indigenous music, however, despite the assembly of an enormous body of work over some two centuries, there is still no certain definition of what folk music is. Some do not even agree that the term Folk Music should be used, Folk music may tend to have certain characteristics but it cannot clearly be differentiated in purely musical terms. One meaning often given is that of old songs, with no known composers, the fashioning and re-fashioning of the music by the community that give it its folk character. Such definitions depend upon processes rather than abstract musical types, one widely used definition is simply Folk music is what the people sing. For Scholes, as well as for Cecil Sharp and Béla Bartók, Folk music was already. seen as the authentic expression of a way of life now past or about to disappear, particularly in a community uninfluenced by art music and by commercial and printed song. In these terms folk music may be seen as part of a schema comprising four types, primitive or tribal, elite or art, folk. Music in this genre is often called traditional music. Although the term is only descriptive, in some cases people use it as the name of a genre
5.
Folk rock
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It has also been influential in those parts of the world with close cultural connections to Britain and gave rise to the genre of folk punk. By the 1980s the genre was in decline in popularity. When English bands of the late 1960s and early 1970s defined themselves as electric folk they were making a distinction with the existing folk rock. Folk rock was what they had already been producing, American or American style singer-songwriter material played on instruments, as undertaken by Bob Dylan. They drew the distinction because they were focusing on indigenous songs, the result of this hybridisation was an exchange of specific features drawn from Traditional music and Rock music. For example, electric folk groups, while using traditional material as their source for lyrics and tunes. In the same year, The Beatles began incorporating overt folk influences into their music, the Beatles and other British Invasion bands, in turn, influenced the Californian band The Byrds, who began playing folk-influenced material and Bob Dylan compositions with rock instrumentation. The Byrds recording of Dylans Mr Tambourine Man was released in April 1965 and reached #1 on the U. S. and UK singles charts, setting off the mid-1960s folk rock movement. The Beatles late 1965 album, Rubber Soul, contained a number of songs clearly influenced by the American folk rock boom, such as Nowhere Man and If I Needed Someone. Folk rock became an important genre among emerging English bands, particularly those in the London club scene towards the end of the 1960s. Like the American revival, it was often overtly left wing in its politics, most important among their responses were the foundation of folk clubs in major towns, starting with London where MacColl began the Ballads and Blues Club in 1953. These clubs were usually urban in location, but the songs sung in them often hearkened back to a rural pre-industrial past, in many ways this was the adoption of abandoned popular music by the middle classes. This meant that there were, by the later 1960s, a group of performers with musical skill and knowledge of a variety of traditional songs. The result was an interpretation of the song A Sailors Life. The rapid expansion of electric folk that followed in the wake of Liege, five Hand Reel a band formed out of the remnants of Spencers Feat proved to be one of the more successful and influential folk rock bands. Releasing 4 albums with Topic/RCA records they were popular in Europe. He then quit that and eventually formed the Albion Country Band, later the Albion Band, a much smaller group of English bands were formed in emulation of existing electric rock bands. Fiddlers Dram were often dismissed as one hit wonders for their single Day Trip to Bangor, most of their career, from that point until they disbanded in 1979, was one of declining profile and sales
6.
Country music
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Country music is a genre of United States popular music that originated in the southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from the genre of United States, such as folk music. Blues modes have been used throughout its recorded history. The term country music is used today to many styles and subgenres. In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, immigrants to the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of Europe and Africa along with them for nearly 300 years. Country music was introduced to the world as a Southern phenomenon, Bristol, Tennessee, has been formally recognized by the U. S. Congress as the Birthplace of Country Music, based on the historic Bristol recording sessions of 1927. Since 2014, the city has been home to the Birthplace of Country Music Museum, historians have also noted the influence of the less-known Johnson City sessions of 1928 and 1929, and the Knoxville sessions of 1929 and 1930. Prior to these, pioneer settlers, in the Great Smoky Mountains region, had developed a musical heritage. The first generation emerged in the early 1920s, with Atlantas music scene playing a role in launching countrys earliest recording artists. Okeh Records began issuing hillbilly music records by Fiddlin John Carson as early as 1923, followed by Columbia Records in 1924, many hillbilly musicians, such as Cliff Carlisle, recorded blues songs throughout the 1920s. The most important was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville, during the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Bob Wills was another musician from the Lower Great Plains who had become very popular as the leader of a hot string band. His mix of country and jazz, which started out as dance hall music, Wills was one of the first country musicians known to have added an electric guitar to his band, in 1938. Country musicians began recording boogie in 1939, shortly after it had played at Carnegie Hall. Gospel music remained a component of country music. It became known as honky tonk, and had its roots in Western swing and the music of Mexico. By the early 1950s a blend of Western swing, country boogie, rockabilly was most popular with country fans in the 1950s, and 1956 could be called the year of rockabilly in country music. Beginning in the mid-1950s, and reaching its peak during the early 1960s, the late 1960s in American music produced a unique blend as a result of traditionalist backlash within separate genres
7.
Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
8.
United Artists Records
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Brazilian soprano Bidu Sayão was the featured soloist on the unusual recording, which was released on both LP and reel-to-reel tape. Berry Gordy placed a number of early Motown acts with UA including Marv Johnson, UA signed Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller ro produce the variety of artists signed to the label after they left Atlantic. They had hits with the Exciters, Bobby Goldsboro, Jay and the Americans, UA also covered folk with the inclusion of Gordon Lightfoot on the roster, and easy listening mood music with the piano duo Ferrante & Teicher. The soundtracks from the James Bond movies and A Hard Days Night were very popular United Artists releases in the 1960s. However, the soundtrack album of United Artists film musical, West Side Story, was released by Columbia Records. As Henry Mancini was signed to RCA Victor, that handled the soundtracks of the United Artists films that he composed the music for. In addition to soundtracks and pop output, United Artists also produced a series of records under the Tale Spinners For Children name throughout the 1960s. These were album-length adaptations of fairy tales and childrens stories done in an audio drama format. United Artists also had a few labels, Unart, Ascot, United Artists Jazz, Musicor Ultra Audio. Unart was initially created in 1958 and was only in operation until 1959 producing some vocal group 45 singles, United Artists involvement with jazz was significant. The company recruited Alan Douglas in 1960 to run its new jazz department, the companys jazz included albums by Duke Ellington and Art Farmer, although there were only a few jazz titles after about 1963. In 1961, designer and photographer Frank Gauna who worked with Alan Douglas joined the company as art director after Candid Records was discontinued, Gauna photographed and designed a variety of album covers for the company. Around 1966 a subsidiary jazz label Solid State was founded, which lasted until 1969, on recordings by the Thad Jones-Mel Lewis Orchestra and Chick Corea. After the merger, Libertys ownership of Blue Note resulted in Solid States artists being transferred to the more prestigious label, and Solid State itself was wound up. In 1966 United Artists acquired the masters of Sue Records, a New York R&B/soul label whose artist roster included Ike & Tina Turner, Justine Baby Washington, some Sue material was reissued on Unart. United Artists Special Projects were budget records designed for product and movie tie-ins, in 1969, United Artists merged with co-owned Liberty Records and its subsidiary Imperial Records. Mainstream pop acts were signed to the label, among them being Traffic, the Spencer Davis Group, Peter Sarstedt, Shirley Bassey, the label also attempted, without success, to update the style of 1950s rock group Bill Haley & His Comets with a 1968 single. Later, through a deal with Don Ardens Jet Records
9.
Reprise Records
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Reprise Records /rəˈpriz/ is an American major record label, founded in 1960 by Frank Sinatra. It was mostly inactive from 1976 to 1987 and it is owned by Warner Music Group, and operates through Warner Bros. Reprise Records was formed in 1960 by Frank Sinatra in order to more artistic freedom for his own recordings. Hence, he garnered the nickname The Chairman of the Board, having left Capitol/EMI, and after trying to buy Norman Granzs Verve Records, the first album Sinatra released on Reprise was Ring-a-Ding-Ding. As CEO of Reprise, Sinatra recruited several artists for the label, such as fellow Rat Pack members Dean Martin and Sammy Davis. The original roster from 1961 to 1963 included Bing Crosby, Jo Stafford, Rosemary Clooney, Nancy Sinatra, Esquivel, the label still issues any Sinatra work recorded while on the label and, after his death in 1998, it had great success with his greatest hits collections. One of the founding principles under Sinatras leadership was that each artist would have full creative freedom. This is the reason why recordings of early Reprise artists are distributed through other labels. In Martins case, his Reprise recordings were out of print for nearly 20 years before a deal was struck with Capitol Records, in 1963, as part of a film deal, Warner Bros. purchased Reprise from Sinatra, who nonetheless retained a 20% interest in the label. Many of the artists on the label were dropped by Warner Bros. Reprise president Mo Ostin was retained as the head of the label, warner-Reprise executives began targeting younger acts, beginning by securing the American distribution rights to the Pye Records recordings by the Kinks in 1964. Reprise would soon add teen-oriented pop acts like Dino, Desi & Billy to the roster, as well, Franks own daughter Nancy Sinatra would be retained by Ostin, becoming a major pop star starting in late 1965. The label moved almost exclusively to rock-oriented music in the late 1960s, rex, the Meters, John Cale, Gordon Lightfoot, Michael Franks, Richard Pryor, Al Jarreau, Fleetwood Mac, Fanny, and the Beach Boys. In 1976, the Reprise label was deactivated by Warner Bros. an unconfirmed explanation for this move is that Sinatra wanted to be the only artist on Reprise, and Young is said to have been the only Reprise act who refused to agree to a change in labels. In late 1985, some copies of the Dream Academys hit single Life in a Northern Town were pressed with Warner Bros. labels bearing a Reprise logo,1986 saw releases bearing Reprise labels from the Dream Academy as well as Dwight Yoakam. Vice President of Promotion Rich Fitzgerald was appointed as label Vice-President and it was formerly home to the Jimi Hendrix and the Barenaked Ladies catalogs in the U. S. When the Bee Gees back catalog was remastered by Rhino Records in the 2000s, neil Young stated in a documentary about his life that Marilyn Manson was turned down by Reprise. In September 2011, several took place at Reprise Records
10.
Warner Bros. Records
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Warner Bros. Records was established on March 19,1958, as the recorded-music division of the American film studio Warner Bros. For most of its existence it was one of a group of labels owned and operated by larger parent corporations. The sequence of companies that controlled Warner Bros. and its allied labels evolved through a series of corporate mergers. Over this period, Warner Bros. Records grew from a minor player in the music industry to become one of the top recording labels in the world. In 2003, these assets were divested by their then owner Time Warner. This independent company traded as the Warner Music Group before being bought by Access Industries in 2011, WMG is the smallest of the three major international music conglomerates and the worlds last publicly traded major music company. Cameron Strang serves as CEO of the company, artists currently signed to Warner Bros. At the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros, pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, the label signed rising radio and recording stars Bing Crosby, Mills Brothers, and Boswell Sisters. In December 1931, Warner Bros. offloaded Brunswick to the American Record Corporation for a fraction of its former value, in a lease arrangement which did not include Brunswicks pressing plants. Warner Bros. sold Brunswick a second time, this time along with the old Brunswick pressing plants Warner owned, to Decca Records in exchange for a financial interest in Decca. The studio stayed out of the business for more than 25 years. Warner Bros. reëntered the record business in 1958 with the establishment of its own recording division, by this time, the established Hollywood studios were reeling from multiple challenges to their former dominance - the most notable being the introduction of television in the late 1940s. Legal changes also had a impact on their business—lawsuits brought by major stars had effectively overthrown the old studio contract system by the late 1940s. Pictures sold off much of its library in 1948 and, beginning in 1949. Semenenko in particular had a professional interest in the entertainment business. With the record business booming - sales had topped US$500 million by 1958 - Semnenko argued that it was foolish for Warner Bros, another impetus for the labels creation was the brief music career of Warner Bros. actor Tab Hunter. In 1958, the studio signed Hunter as its first artist to its newly formed record division, to establish the label, the company hired former Columbia Records president James B
11.
Marty Robbins
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Martin David Robinson, known professionally as Marty Robbins, was an American singer, songwriter, actor, multi-instrumentalist, and racing driver. Robbins was born in Glendale, a suburb of Phoenix in Maricopa County and his mother was mostly of Paiute Indian heritage. Robbins was reared in a family situation. His father took odd jobs to support the family of 10 children, among his warmer memories of his childhood, Robbins recalled having listened to stories of the American West told by his maternal grandfather, Texas Bob Heckle, who was a local medicine man. Robbins left the home at 17 to serve in the United States Navy as an LCT coxswain during World War II. He was stationed in the Solomon Islands in the Pacific Ocean, to pass the time during the war, he learned to play the guitar, started writing songs, and came to love Hawaiian music. After his discharge from the military in 1947, he began to play at venues in Phoenix, then moved on to host his own show on KTYL. After Little Jimmy Dickens made a guest appearance on Robbins TV show, Robbins became known for his appearances at the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville, Tennessee. In 1980, he appeared on the PBS music program Austin City Limits during Season 5, in addition to his recordings and performances, Robbins was an avid race car driver, competing in 35 career NASCAR Grand National races with six top-10 finishes, including the 1973 Firecracker 400. In 1967, Robbins played himself in the car racing film Hell on Wheels, Robbins was partial to Dodges prepared by NASCAR Hall-of-Famer Cotton Owens, and owned and raced Chargers and then a 1978 Dodge Magnum. He was also the driver of the 60th Indianapolis 500 Buick Century pace car in 1976 and his last race was in a Junior Johnson-built 1982 Buick Regal in the Atlanta Journal 500 on November 7,1982, a month before his death. Robbins had a history of cardiovascular disease, after his third heart attack on December 2,1982, he underwent quadruple coronary bypass surgery. He did not recover and died six days later on December 8,1982 at St. Thomas Hospital in Nashville, Robbins was awarded an honorary degree by Northern Arizona University. Robbins 1957 recording of A White Sport Coat and a Pink Carnation sold over one million copies and his musical accomplishments include the Grammy Award for his 1959 hit and signature song El Paso, taken from his album Gunfighter Ballads and Trail Songs. El Paso was the first song to hit No.1 on the pop chart in the 1960s. It was followed up, successfully, by Dont Worry, which reached No.3 on the pop chart in 1961, becoming his third, El Paso was followed by one prequel and one sequel, Feleena and El Paso City. Also in 1961, Robbins wrote the words and music and recorded I Told the Brook, Robbins decided to keep it in the final version. The song reached No.1 on the chart
12.
1967 Detroit riot
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The 1967 Detroit riot, also known as the 12th Street riot, was a violent public disorder that turned into a civil disturbance in Detroit, Michigan. It began in the morning hours of Sunday, July 23,1967. The precipitating event was a raid of an unlicensed, after-hours bar then known as a blind pig, just north of the corner of 12th Street. To help end the disturbance, Governor George W. Romney ordered the Michigan Army National Guard into Detroit, the result was 43 dead,1,189 injured, over 7,200 arrests, and more than 2,000 buildings destroyed. The scale of the riot was surpassed in the United States only by the 1863 New York City draft riots during the U. S. Civil War, and the 1992 Los Angeles riots. The riot was prominently featured in the media, with live television coverage, extensive newspaper reporting. The staff of the Detroit Free Press won the 1968 Pulitzer Prize for general reporting for its coverage. East of Woodward, the area around East Grand Boulevard, which goes east/west then north/south to Belle Isle, was involved, however, the entire city was affected between Sunday, July 23, and Thursday, July 27. The city enacted a curfew, prohibited sales of alcohol and firearms. A number of adjoining communities also enacted curfews, there was significant white participation in the rioting and looting, raising questions as to whether the event fits into the classical race riot category. They expected a few revelers inside, but instead found a party of 82 black people celebrating the return of two local GIs from the Vietnam War, the police decided to arrest everyone present. While they were arranging for transportation, a crowd of onlookers gathered on the street. After the police left, the mob began looting an adjacent clothing store. Shortly thereafter, full-scale looting began throughout the neighborhood, State police, Wayne County sheriffs, and the Michigan National Guard were alerted, but because it was Sunday, it took hours for the Police Commissioner Ray Girardin to assemble sufficient manpower. Meanwhile, witnesses described seeing a carnival atmosphere on 12th Street, police—inadequate in number and wrongly believing that the rioting would soon expire—just stood there and watched. Police did not make their first arrest until 7 a. m, the mob did not attack the few white passersby. To the east, on Chene Street, reports said the pillaging mob boasted a mixed composition, the first major fire broke mid-afternoon in a grocery store on a corner of 12th Street and Atkinson. The mob prevented firefighters from extinguishing it and soon more smoke filled the skyline, by Sunday afternoon, news had spread, and people attending events such as a Fox Theater Motown revue and Detroit Tigers baseball game were warned to avoid certain areas of the city
13.
If You Could Read My Mind
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If You Could Read My Mind is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot. It reached number one on Canadian music charts and was his first recording to appear on the American music charts, later in the year it reached number 30 in the UK. The song also reached number one for one week on the Billboard Easy Listening chart and this song first appeared on Lightfoots 1970 album Sit Down Young Stranger, which was later renamed If You Could Read My Mind following the songs success. Lightfoot has cited his divorce for inspiring the lyrics, saying they came to him as he was sitting in a vacant Toronto house one summer. In 1987 Lightfoot took a lawsuit out against the writer of The Greatest Love of All, Lightfoot has stated that he dropped the lawsuit when he felt it was having a negative effect on the singer Whitney Houston, as the lawsuit was about the writer and not her. The song is in A major and uses the subtonic chord, the song was covered by Barbra Streisand on her 1971 album, Stoney End. In 1980, Viola Wills peaked at two for five weeks on the dance/disco charts with a dance version of the song. The house music collective Stars on 54 recorded a version of the song for the 1998 film,54, the covered version by The Spotnicks was adopted as an unofficial theme for the 1972 Summer Olympics. Country music artist Dwight Yoakam performs the song in his sets on a regular basis. Holly Cole covers this song on the 2012 album Night, Canadian singer Connie Kaldor recorded the song on the Gordon Lightfoot tribute album Beautiful. A Tribute to Gordon Lightfoot in 2003, Canadian musician Neil Young released a cover of this song on his 2014 album A Letter Home. Canadian jazz singer Diana Krall released a cover as a duet with Sarah McLachlan on The Complete Sessions release of Kralls 2015 album Wallflower
14.
Sundown (Gordon Lightfoot song)
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Sundown is a song by Canadian folk artist Gordon Lightfoot, from the eponymous album, released as a single in March 1974. Sundown reached number one on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100 and easy listening charts and number thirteen on the Hot Country singles chart and it was Lightfoots only single to reach number one on the Hot 100. The songs lyrics seem to describe a romantic relationship, with the narrator recounting an affair with a hard-loving woman got me feeling mean. There are rumours that Sundown was inspired by Lightfoots then girlfriend, Cathy Smith, Lightfoot has commented in interviews that Smith was the one woman in my life who most hurt me. The musical project/collaboration of singer-songwriters Elwood covered the song in 2000 and this version peaked at #33 on Billboards Modern Rock Tracks chart. American country music singer Deryl Dodds version of the peaked at #59 on Billboards Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in 1999. It was later included on his album, Pearl Snaps, Canadian rock musician Luke Doucet covered it on the album Steel City Trawler. French singing duo Marie-Ève Janvier and Jean-François Breau covered the song in French as Lamour cest comme lété, ed Kuepper covered the song, including it on his greatest hits album Engineered by Lee Herschberg Recorded at Eastern Sound Studios, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The song entered the Amazon UK chart at number 97 on 18 March 2014, after The Blacklist episode, Sundown is featured after the opening credits of Supernatural Season 10, Episode 5 Fan Fiction. List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 1974 List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1974 List of RPM number-one singles of 1974 Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
15.
The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald
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Lightfoot drew his inspiration from Newsweeks article on the event, The Cruelest Month, which it published in its November 24,1975, issue. Lightfoot considers this song to be his finest work, appearing originally on Lightfoots 1976 album Summertime Dream, the single version hit number 1 in his native Canada on November 20,1976, barely a year after the disaster. In the United States, it reached number 1 in Cashbox, overseas it was at best a minor hit, peaking at number 40 in the UK Singles Chart. The song is written in Mixolydian mode, the song contains a few artistic omissions and paraphrases. On the other hand, Lightfoots personal passion for sailing on the Great Lakes informs his ballads verses throughout. According to the song, Edmund Fitzgerald was bound fully loaded for Cleveland, in fact she was heading for Detroit, there to discharge her cargo of taconite iron ore pellets before docking in Cleveland for the winter. Capt. Ernest McSorley had stated in his last radio transmission before the boat sank that they were holding our own, what the cook or any other crew member did or did not say will never be known. The old cook in the song was actually a replacement for this particular voyage, Lightfoot refers to Mariners Church of Detroit as The Maritime Sailors Cathedral in the lyrics. Lightfoot says that the bell was rung 29 times, once for each crew member aboard the ship, internet sources often incorrectly claim that the bell was also rung once more in honour of all people who had lost their lives at sea, for a total of 30 times. Reverend Richard W. Ingalls, Sr. rector of Mariners Church, tolled the bell 29 times, the practice of tolling a bell an additional time for all lives lost at sea began in November 10 memorial services following 1975. In a later recording, Lightfoot recounts that a parishioner of the church informed him that the church is not musty. From that time, instead of singing In a musty old hall and he now sings In a rustic old hall. In March 2010, Lightfoot changed a line during performances to reflect new findings that there was no crew error involved in the sinking. The line originally read, At 7 p. m. a main hatchway caved in and it is now sung as At 7 p. m. it grew dark, it was then he said. Lightfoot learned of the new research when contacted for permission to use his song for a History Channel documentary that aired on March 31,2010. Lightfoot has stated that he has no intention of changing the lyrics, he will instead, from now on. The song was recorded in December 1975 at Eastern Sound, a studio made out of two Victorian houses at 48 Yorkville Avenue in a beatnik district of downtown Toronto, Canada. The famous studio, which also recorded Cat Stevens, Bruce Springsteen and Jimi Hendrix, was torn down
16.
Music recording sales certification
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Music recording sales certification is a system of certifying that a music recording has shipped or sold a certain number of copies. The threshold quantity varies by type and by nation or territory, almost all countries follow variations of the RIAA certification categories, which are named after precious materials. The number of sales or shipments required for these awards depends upon the population of the territory in which the recording is released, typically, they are awarded only to international releases and are awarded individually for each country in which the album is sold. Different sales levels, some perhaps 10 times lower than others, the original gold record awards were presented to artists by their own record companies to publicize their sales achievements. The first of these was awarded by RCA Victor to Glenn Miller and His Orchestra in February 1942, another example of a company award is the gold record awarded to Elvis Presley in 1956 for one million units sold of his single Dont Be Cruel. The first gold record for an LP was awarded by RCA Victor to Harry Belafonte in 1957 for the album Calypso and these sales were restricted to U. S. -based record companies and did not include exports to other countries. For albums in 1968, this would mean shipping approximately 250,000 units, the platinum certification was introduced in 1976 for the sale of one million units, album or single, with the gold certification redefined to mean sales of 500,000 units, album or single. No album was certified platinum prior to this year, for instance, the recording by Van Cliburn of the Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto from 1958 would eventually be awarded a platinum citation, but this would not happen until two decades after its release. In 1999, the certification was introduced for sales of ten million units. On 14 March 1958, the RIAA certified its first gold record, soundtrack was certified as the first gold album four months later. In 1976, RIAA introduced the platinum certification, first awarded to Johnnie Taylors single, Disco Lady, as music sales increased with the introduction of compact discs, the RIAA created the Multi-Platinum award in 1984. Diamond awards, honoring those artists whose sales of singles or albums reached 10,000,000 copies, were introduced in 1999 and this became much less common once the majority of retail sales became paid digital downloads and digital streaming. In most countries certifications no longer apply solely to physical media, in June 2006, the RIAA also certified the ringtone downloads of songs. Streaming from on-demand services such as Rhapsody and Spotify has been included into existing digital certification in the U. S since 2013, in the U. S. and Germany video streaming services like YouTube, VEVO, and Yahoo. Music also began to be counted towards the certification, in both cases using the formula of 100 streams being equivalent to one download, other countries, such as Denmark and Spain, maintain separate awards for digital download singles and streaming. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry was founded in 1996, and grants the IFPI Platinum Europe Award for album sales over one million within Europe, multi-platinum Europe Awards are presented for sales in subsequent multiples of one million. Eligibility is unaffected by time, and is not restricted to European-based artists, IMPALA sales awards were launched in 2005 as the first sales awards recognising that success on a pan-European basis begins well before sales reach one million. The award levels are Silver, Double Silver, Gold, Double Gold, Diamond, Platinum, below are certification thresholds for the United States and United Kingdom
17.
Elvis Presley
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Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is referred to as the King of Rock and Roll. Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis and his music career began there in 1954, when he recorded a song with producer Sam Phillips at Sun Records. Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a popularizer of rockabilly. RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, Presleys first RCA single, Heartbreak Hotel, was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. He was regarded as the figure of rock and roll after a series of successful network television appearances. In November 1956, Presley made his debut in Love Me Tender. In 1958, he was drafted into military service, in 1973, Presley featured in the first globally broadcast concert via satellite, Aloha from Hawaii. Several years of drug abuse severely damaged his health. Presley is one of the most celebrated and influential musicians of the 20th century and he won three Grammys, also receiving the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. Presley was born on January 8,1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Love and Vernon Elvis Presley, Jesse Garon Presley, his identical twin brother, was delivered stillborn 35 minutes before his own birth. Thus, as a child, Presley became close to both parents and formed an especially close bond with his mother. The family attended an Assembly of God, where he found his musical inspiration. Although he was in conflict with the Pentecostal church in his later years, rev. Rex Humbard officiated at his funeral, as Presley had been an admirer of Humbards ministry. Presleys ancestry was primarily a Western European mix, including Scots-Irish, Scottish, German, gladyss great-great-grandmother, Morning Dove White, was possibly a Cherokee Native American. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant member of the small family, Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, evincing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance, the Presleys survived the F5 tornado in the 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of kiting a check written by the landowner, Orville S. Bean and he was jailed for eight months, and Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives
18.
Johnny Cash
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Johnny Cash was an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, actor, and author. He is widely considered one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century and one of the music artists of all time. Although primarily remembered as an music icon, his genre-spanning songs and sound embraced rock and roll, rockabilly, blues, folk. This crossover appeal won Cash the rare honor of multiple inductions in the Country Music, Rock and Roll and he traditionally began his concerts with the simple Hello, Im Johnny Cash, followed by his signature Folsom Prison Blues. Much of Cashs music contained themes of sorrow, moral tribulation and redemption and his signature songs include I Walk the Line, Folsom Prison Blues, Ring of Fire, Get Rhythm, and Man in Black. During the last stage of his career, Cash covered songs by several late 20th-century rock artists, notably Hurt by Nine Inch Nails, Cash was born on February 26,1932, in Kingsland, Arkansas, one of seven children born to Ray Cash and Carrie Cloveree. He was mostly of Scottish and English ancestry, and as an adult traced his surname to 11th-century Fife, Scotland, after meeting with the then-laird of Falkland, Fife, Cash Loch and other locations in Fife bear the name of his family. At birth, Cash was named J. R. Cash, when Cash enlisted in the United States Air Force, he was not permitted to use initials as a first name, so he changed his name to John R. Cash. In 1955, when signing with Sun Records, he took Johnny Cash as his stage name, the Cash children were, Roy, Margaret Louise, Jack, J. R. Reba, Joanne, and Tommy. Tommy Cash also became a country artist. In March 1935, when Cash was three years old, the family settled in Dyess, Arkansas and he started working in cotton fields at age five, singing along with his family while working. The family farm was flooded on at least two occasions, which inspired him to write the song Five Feet High and Rising. His familys economic and personal struggles during the Great Depression inspired many of his songs, Cash was very close to his older brother, Jack. In May 1944, Jack was pulled into a head saw in the mill where he worked and was almost cut in two. He suffered for over a week before he died on May 20,1944, Cash often spoke of the horrible guilt he felt over this incident. Jack insisted on working, as the family needed the money, on his deathbed, Jack said he had visions of Heaven and angels. Decades later, Cash spoke of looking forward to meeting his brother in Heaven, Cashs early memories were dominated by gospel music and radio. Taught guitar by his mother and a friend, Cash began playing and writing songs at the age of twelve
19.
Hank Williams Jr.
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Randall Hank Williams, known professionally as Hank Williams Jr. is an American singer, songwriter and musician. His musical style is considered a blend of Southern rock, blues. He is the son of country music singer Hank Williams and the father of Hank Williams III, Holly Williams, Hilary Williams, Samuel Williams. Williams began his career by following in his fathers footsteps, singing his fathers songs. Williams own style evolved as he struggled to find his own voice and place within the country music industry. This trend was interrupted by a fall off the side of Ajax Peak in Montana on August 8,1975. After an extended recovery, he challenged the country music establishment with a blend of country, rock, Williams enjoyed much success in the 1980s, from which he earned considerable recognition and popularity both inside and outside the country music industry. As a multi-instrumentalist, Williams repertoire of skills include guitar, bass guitar, upright bass, steel guitar, banjo, dobro, piano, keyboards, harmonica, fiddle, and drums. From 1989 until October 2011, a version of his song All My Rowdy Friends Are Coming Over Tonight was used as the opening for broadcasts of Monday Night Football, Williams was born on May 26,1949 in Shreveport, Louisiana. After his fathers death in 1953, he was raised by his mother, while he was a child, a number of contemporary musicians visited his family, who influenced and taught him various music instruments and styles. Among these figures of influence were Johnny Cash, Fats Domino, Earl Scruggs, Lightnin Hopkins, Williams first stepped on the stage and sang his fathers songs when he was eight years old. In 1964, he made his debut with Long Gone Lonesome Blues. Williams provided the voice of his father in the 1964 film Your Cheatin Heart. He also recorded an album of duets with recordings of his father, by the mid-1970s Williams began to pursue a musical direction that would eventually make him a superstar. While recording a series of successful songs, Williams began a heavy pattern of both drug and alcohol abuse. Hank Williams Jr. and Friends, often considered his watershed album was the product of these then-groundbreaking collaborations, in 1977 Williams recorded and released One Night Stands and The New South, and worked closely with his old friend Waylon Jennings on the song Once and For All. On August 8,1975 Williams was nearly killed in a mountain-climbing accident, while he was climbing Ajax Peak in Montana, the snow beneath him collapsed and he fell almost 500 feet onto rock. He suffered multiple skull and facial fractures, the incident was chronicled in the semi-autobiographical, made-for-television film Living Proof, The Hank Williams Jr. Story
20.
The Kingston Trio
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The Kingston Trio is an American folk and pop music group that helped launch the folk revival of the late 1950s to late 1960s. The group started as a San Francisco Bay Area nightclub act with a lineup of Dave Guard, Bob Shane. It rose to popularity, fueled by unprecedented sales of 33⅓ rpm long-playing record albums. The Trio released nineteen albums that made Billboards Top 100, fourteen of which ranked in the top 10, Dave Guard and Bob Shane had been friends since junior high school at the Punahou School in Honolulu, Hawaii where both had learned to play ukulele in required music classes. They had developed an interest in and admiration for native Hawaiian slack key guitarists like Gabby Pahinui, after graduating from high school in 1952, Guard enrolled at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California, while Shane matriculated at nearby Menlo College. At Menlo, Shane became friends with Nick Reynolds, a native San Diegan with a knowledge of folk and calypso songs—in part from his guitar-playing father. Reynolds was also able to create and sing tenor harmonies, a skill derived in part from family singalongs, Shane and Reynolds performed at fraternity parties and luaus for a time, and eventually Shane introduced Reynolds to Guard. The three began performing at campus and neighborhood hangouts, sometimes as a trio but with an aggregation of friends that could swell their ranks to as many as six or seven and they usually billed themselves under the name of Dave Guard and the Calypsonians. At one engagement at Redwood Citys Cracked Pot beer garden, they met a young San Francisco publicist named Frank Werber, who had heard of them from a local entertainment reporter. Werber liked the groups raw energy but did not consider them refined enough to want to represent them as an agent or manager at that point, bogue left with Gannon, and Guard, Reynolds, and Werber invited Shane to rejoin the now more formally organized band. Shane, who had been performing part-time as an act at night in Honolulu. The first major break for The Kingston Trio came in late June 1957 when comedian Phyllis Diller canceled a week-long engagement at The Purple Onion club in San Francisco. When the crowds came, the Trio had been prepared by months of work. At the same time, Werber was attempting to leverage the Trios popularity as an act into a recording contract. On Gilmores strong recommendation, Capitol signed the Kingston Trio to an exclusive seven-year deal. Colburn began playing Tom Dooley extensively on his show, prompting a rush of album sales in the Salt Lake area by fans who wanted to listen to the song, as yet unavailable as a single record. The success of the album and the single earned the Kingston Trio a Grammy award for Best Country & Western Performance for Tom Dooley at the inaugural ceremony in 1959. At the time, no folk music existed in the Grammys scheme
21.
Jerry Lee Lewis
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Jerry Lee Lewis is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and pianist, often known by his nickname, The Killer. He has been described as rock & rolls first great wild man, a pioneer of rock and roll and rockabilly music, Lewis made his first recordings in 1956 at Sun Records in Memphis. Crazy Arms sold 300,000 copies in the South, and he followed this with Great Balls of Fire, Breathless and High School Confidential. However, Lewiss rock and roll career faltered in the wake of his marriage to his 13-year-old first cousin once removed when he was 23 years old and he had minimal success in the charts following the scandal, and his popularity quickly eroded. His live performance fees plummeted from $10,000 per night to $250, in the meantime he was determined to gain back some of his popularity. In the early 1960s, he did not have much success, with few exceptions. His live performances at this time were increasingly wild and energetic and his 1964 live album Live at the Star Club, Hamburg is regarded by music journalists and fans as one of the wildest and greatest live rock albums ever. In 1968 Lewis made a transition into country music and had hits with such as Another Place. His No.1 country hits included To Make Love Sweeter for You, There Must Be More to Love Than This, Would You Take Another Chance on Me and Me and Bobby McGee. Lewiss successes continued throughout the decade and he embraced his rock and roll past with songs such as a cover of the Big Boppers Chantilly Lace, in the 21st century Lewis continues to tour around the world and still releases new albums. His album Last Man Standing is his best selling to date and this was followed by Mean Old Man, which has received some of the best sales of Lewiss career. Lewis has a dozen gold records in rock and country. He won several Grammy awards, including a Lifetime Achievement Award, Lewis was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986, and his pioneering contribution to the genre has been recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. He was also a member of the inaugural class inducted into the Memphis Music Hall of Fame, in 1989, his life was chronicled in the movie Great Balls of Fire, starring Dennis Quaid. In 2003, Rolling Stone listed his box set All Killer, No Filler, in 2004, they ranked him number 24 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. Lewis is the last surviving member of Sun Records Million Dollar Quartet and the Class of 55 album and his parents mortgaged their farm to buy him a piano. Lewis was influenced by an older cousin, Carl McVoy, the radio, and the sounds from Haneys Big House. On the live album By Request, More of the Greatest Live Show on Earth and he was also influenced by the Great American Songbook and popular country singers like Jimmie Rodgers and Hank Williams
22.
Neil Young
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Neil Percival Young, OC OM, is a Canadian singer-songwriter, musician, producer, director and screenwriter. Young began performing in a group covering Shadows instrumentals in Canada in 1960, in 1966, after a brief stint with the Rick James-fronted Mynah Birds, he moved to Los Angeles, where he formed Buffalo Springfield with Stephen Stills, Richie Furay and others. Young had released two albums by the time he joined Crosby, Stills & Nash in 1969, in addition to two as a member of Buffalo Springfield. From his early albums and those with his backing band Crazy Horse, Young has recorded a steady stream of studio and live albums. Youngs often-distorted electric guitar work, deeply personal lyrics and signature tenor singing voice transcend his long career, Young also plays piano and harmonica on many albums which frequently combine folk, rock, blues and other musical styles. Known to rip up live set lists, Young often plays acoustic versions of songs in one show and his gritty guitar work, especially with Crazy Horse, earned him the nickname Godfather of Grunge and led to his 1995 album Mirror Ball with Pearl Jam. More recently Young has been backed by Promise of the Real, Young directed films using the pseudonym Bernard Shakey, including Journey Through the Past, Rust Never Sleeps, Human Highway, Greendale, and CSNY/Déjà Vu. He also contributed to the soundtracks of the films Philadelphia and Dead Man, Young has received several Grammy and Juno awards. The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame inducted him twice, as a solo artist in 1995, in 2000, Rolling Stone named Young the 34th greatest rock n roll artist. He has lived in California since the 1960s but retains Canadian citizenship and he was awarded the Order of Manitoba on July 14,2006, and was made an Officer of the Order of Canada on December 30,2009. Young was born on November 12,1945, in Toronto and his father, Scott Alexander Young, was a journalist and sportswriter who also wrote fiction. His mother, Edna Blow Ragland Rassy Young was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, although Canadian, his mother had American and French ancestry. Youngs parents married in 1940 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and their first son, shortly after Youngs birth in 1945, his family moved to rural Omemee, Ontario, which Young later described fondly as a sleepy little place. Young suffered from polio in 1951 during the last major outbreak of the disease in Ontario, after his recovery, the Young family vacationed in Florida. During that period, Young briefly attended Chisolm Elementary School in New Smyrna Beach, in 1952, upon returning to Canada, Young moved from Omemee to Winnipeg for a year, before relocating to Toronto and Pickering. Young became interested in music he heard on the radio. When Young was twelve, his father, who had several extramarital affairs and his mother asked for a divorce which was granted in 1960. Young went to live with his mother, who moved back to Winnipeg, during the mid-fifties, Young listened to rock n roll, rockabilly, doo-wop, R&B, country, and western pop
23.
Bob Dylan
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Bob Dylan is an American songwriter, singer, painter, and writer. He has been influential in music and culture for more than five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when his songs chronicled social unrest, early songs such as Blowin in the Wind and The Times They Are a-Changin became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement. Leaving behind his initial base in the American folk music revival, his six-minute single Like a Rolling Stone, recorded in 1965, Dylans lyrics incorporate a wide range of political, social, philosophical, and literary influences. They defied existing pop music conventions and appealed to the burgeoning counterculture, initially inspired by the performances of Little Richard and the songwriting of Woody Guthrie, Robert Johnson, and Hank Williams, Dylan has amplified and personalized musical genres. Dylan performs with guitar, keyboards, and harmonica, backed by a changing lineup of musicians, he has toured steadily since the late 1980s on what has been dubbed the Never Ending Tour. His accomplishments as a recording artist and performer have been central to his career, since 1994, Dylan has published seven books of drawings and paintings, and his work has been exhibited in major art galleries. As a musician, Dylan has sold more than 100 million records and he has also received numerous awards including eleven Grammy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award. Dylan has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Minnesota Music Hall of Fame, Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and Songwriters Hall of Fame. The Pulitzer Prize jury in 2008 awarded him a citation for his profound impact on popular music and American culture. In May 2012, Dylan received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, in 2016, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition. Bob Dylan was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in St. Marys Hospital on May 24,1941, in Duluth, Minnesota and he has a younger brother, David. Dylans paternal grandparents, Zigman and Anna Zimmerman, emigrated from Odessa, in the Russian Empire and his maternal grandparents, Ben and Florence Stone, were Lithuanian Jews who arrived in the United States in 1902. Dylans father, Abram Zimmerman – an electric-appliance shop owner – and mother, Beatrice Beatty Stone, were part of a small, close-knit Jewish community. They lived in Duluth until Robert was six, when his father had polio and the returned to his mothers hometown, Hibbing. In his early years he listened to the radio—first to blues and country stations from Shreveport, Louisiana, and later and he formed several bands while attending Hibbing High School. In the Golden Chords, he performed covers of songs by Little Richard and their performance of Danny & the Juniors Rock and Roll Is Here to Stay at their high school talent show was so loud that the principal cut the microphone. In 1959, his high school yearbook carried the caption Robert Zimmerman, the same year, as Elston Gunnn, he performed two dates with Bobby Vee, playing piano and clapping
24.
Judy Collins
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Judith Marjorie Judy Collins, affectionately known as Judy Blue Eyes, is an American singer and songwriter known for her eclectic tastes in the material she records and for her social activism. The single hit the Top 10 on the Billboard Pop Singles chart and she enjoyed further success with her recordings of Someday Soon, Chelsea Morning, Amazing Grace, and Cook with Honey. Collins experienced the biggest success of her career with her recording of Stephen Sondheims Send in the Clowns from her best-selling 1975 album Judith, Collins was born the eldest of five siblings in Seattle, Washington, where she spent the first ten years of her life. Her father, a singer and radio disc jockey, took a job in Denver, Colorado, in 1949. Collins studied classical piano with Antonia Brico, making her debut at age 13. Brico took a dim view, both then and later, of Collins developing interest in music, which led her to the difficult decision to discontinue her piano lessons. Years later, after she became known internationally, she invited Brico to one of her concerts in Denver, when they met after the performance, Brico took both of Collins hands in hers, looked wistfully at her fingers and said, Little Judy—you really could have gone places. Still later, Collins discovered that Brico herself had made a living when she was playing jazz. In her early life, Collins had the fortune of meeting many professional musicians through her father. It was the music of Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger and the songs of the folk revival of the early 1960s, however. Three years after her debut as a prodigy, she was playing guitar. Her first public appearances as a folk artist after her graduation from Denvers East High School were at Michaels Pub in Boulder, Colorado, and her music became popular at the University of Connecticut, where her husband taught. She performed at parties and for the radio station along with David Grisman. She eventually made her way to Greenwich Village, New York City, where she played in clubs like Gerdes Folk City until she signed with Elektra Records, in 1961, Collins released her first album, A Maid of Constant Sorrow, at age 22. At first she sang traditional songs or songs written by others – in particular the protest songwriters of the time, such as Tom Paxton, Phil Ochs. She recorded her own versions of important songs from the period, such as Dylans Mr. Tambourine Man, Collins was also instrumental in bringing little-known musicians to a wider public. For example, she recorded songs by Canadian poet Leonard Cohen and she also recorded songs by singer-songwriters such as Eric Andersen, Ian Tyson, Joni Mitchell, Randy Newman, Robin Williamson and Richard Fariña long before they gained national acclaim. Mark Abramson produced and Joshua Rifkin arranged the album, adding lush orchestration to many of the numbers, the album was a major departure for a folk artist and set the course for Collins subsequent work over the next decade
25.
Barbra Streisand
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Barbara Joan Barbra Streisand is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and filmmaker. She is among a group of entertainers who have been honored with an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Award. Streisand is one of the music artists of all time, with more than 68.5 million albums in the United States. She starred in the critically acclaimed Funny Girl, for which she won the Academy Award, with the release of Yentl in 1983, Streisand became the first woman to write, produce, direct, and star in a major studio film. The film won an Oscar for Best Score and a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Musical, Streisand received the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, the first woman to win that award. The RIAA and Billboard recognize Streisand as holding the record for the most top 10 albums of any recording artist. According to Billboard, Streisand holds the record for the female with the most number one albums, Billboard also recognizes Streisand as the greatest female of all time on its Billboard 200 chart and one of the greatest artists of all time on its Hot 100 chart. Barbara Joan Streisand was born on April 24,1942, in Brooklyn, New York and her mother had been a soprano singer in her youth and considered a career in music, but later became a school secretary. Her father was a school teacher at the same school. Streisands family was Jewish, her grandparents emigrated from Galicia and her maternal grandparents from the Russian Empire. Her father earned a degree from City College of New York in 1928 and was considered athletic. As a student, he spent his summers outdoors, once working as a lifeguard, hed try anything, his sister Molly said. He married Ida in 1930, two years after graduating, and became a respected educator with a focus on helping underprivileged. In August 1943, a few months after Streisands first birthday, her father died suddenly at age 34 from complications from an epileptic seizure, the family fell into near-poverty, with her mother working as a low-paid bookkeeper. As an adult, Streisand remembered those early years as always feeling like an outcast, explaining and her mother tried to pay their bills but could not give her daughter the attention she craved, When I wanted love from my mother, she gave me food, Streisand says. Streisand recalls that her mother had a voice and sang semi-professionally on occasion. During a visit to the Catskills when Streisand was thirteen, she told Rosie ODonnell, she and that session was the first time Streisand ever asserted herself as an artist, which also became her first moment of inspiration as an artist. She has a brother, Sheldon, and a half-sister
26.
Johnny Mathis
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John Royce Johnny Mathis is an American singer of popular music and jazz. Mathis has sold well over 100 million records worldwide, according to Guinness Book of British Hit Singles writer and charts music historian Paul Gambaccini, Mathis also recorded six albums of Christmas music. In a 1968 interview, Mathis cited Lena Horne, Nat King Cole, Mathis was born in Gilmer, Texas, United States, in 1935, the fourth of seven children of Clem Mathis and Mildred Boyd. The family moved to San Francisco, California, settling on 32nd Avenue in the Richmond District and his father had worked in vaudeville, and when he saw his sons talent, he bought an old upright piano for $25 and encouraged him. Mathis began learning songs and routines from his father and his first song was My Blue Heaven. Mathis started singing and dancing for visitors at home, at school, when he was 13, voice teacher Connie Cox accepted him as her student in exchange for work around her house. Mathis studied with Cox for six years, learning scales and exercises, voice production, classical. He is one of the few popular singers who received years of professional voice training that included opera. The first band he sang with was formed by his school friend Merl Saunders. Mathis eulogized him at his funeral in 2008, thanking him for giving him his first chance as a singer, Mathis was a star athlete at George Washington High School in San Francisco. He was a jumper and hurdler, and he played on the basketball team. In 1954, he enrolled at San Francisco State University on a scholarship, intending to become an English teacher. In San Francisco while singing at a Sunday afternoon jam session with a jazz sextet at the Black Hawk Club, Mathis attracted the attention of the clubs co-founder. After repeated calls, Noga finally persuaded Avakian to come hear Mathis at the 440 Club, after hearing Mathis sing, Avakian sent his record company a telegram stating, Have found phenomenal 19-year-old boy who could go all the way. At San Francisco State, Mathis had become noteworthy as a jumper, and in 1956 he was asked to try out for the U. S. Olympic Team that would travel to Melbourne, Australia. Mathis had to decide whether to go to the Olympic trials or to keep his appointment in New York City to make his first recordings, on his fathers advice, Mathis opted to embark on a professional singing career. His LP record album was released in late 1956 instead of waiting until the first quarter of 1957, Mathiss first record album, Johnny Mathis, A New Sound In Popular Song, was a slow-selling jazz album, but Mathis stayed in New York City to sing in nightclubs. His second album was produced by Columbia Records vice-president and record producer Mitch Miller, Miller preferred that Mathis sing soft, romantic ballads, pairing him up with conductor and music arranger Ray Conniff, and later, Ray Ellis, Glenn Osser, and Robert Mersey
27.
Herb Alpert
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Herb Alpert is an American musician most associated with the group variously known as Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass, Herb Alperts Tijuana Brass, or TJB. Alpert is also an industry executive, the A of A&M Records. Alpert also has created abstract expressionist paintings and sculpture over two decades, which are displayed on occasion. Alpert and wife, Lani Hall, are substantial philanthropists through the operation of the Herb Alpert Foundation, Alperts musical accomplishments include five No.1 albums and 28 albums total on the Billboard Album chart, nine Grammy Awards, fourteen platinum albums, and fifteen gold albums. Alpert has sold 72 million records worldwide, Alpert is the only recording artist to hit No.1 on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100 pop chart as both a vocalist, and an instrumentalist. Herb Alpert was born and raised in the Boyle Heights section of Eastside Los Angeles, California and his family was Jewish, and had come to the U. S. from Radomyshl and Romania. His father, although a tailor by trade, was also a mandolin player. His mother taught violin at a young age and his older brother David was a talented young drummer. Alpert himself began trumpet lessons at the age of eight and played at dances as a teenager, acquiring an early wire recorder in high school, he experimented on this crude equipment. After graduating from Fairfax High School in 1952, he joined the United States Army, after his service in the Army, Alpert tried his hand at acting, but eventually settled on pursuing a career in music. While attending the University of Southern California in the 1950s, he was a member of the USC Trojan Marching Band for two years, in 1956, he appeared in the uncredited role Drummer on Mt. Sinai in the film The Ten Commandments. In 1962, he had a part in a scene in the film Mr. Hobbs Takes a Vacation where he played in a dance band. In 1957 Alpert teamed up with Rob Weerts, another burgeoning lyricist, a number of songs written or co-written by Alpert during the following two years became Top 20 hits, including Baby Talk by Jan and Dean and Wonderful World by Sam Cooke. In 1960, Alpert began his career as a vocalist at Dot Records under the name of Dore Alpert. Tell It to the Birds was recorded as the first release on the Alpert & Moss label Carnival Records, when Alpert and Moss found that there was prior usage of the Carnival name, they renamed the label A&M Records. Alpert set up a recording studio in his garage and had been overdubbing a tune called Twinkle Star, written by Sol Lake. During a visit to Tijuana, Mexico, Alpert happened to hear a band while attending a bullfight. Alpert adapted the style to the tune, mixed in crowd cheers and other noises for ambience
28.
Harry Belafonte
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Harry Belafonte is an American singer, songwriter, actor, and social activist. One of the most successful CARIBBEAN AMERICAN pop stars in history and his breakthrough album Calypso is the first million-selling LP by a single artist. Belafonte is perhaps best known for singing The Banana Boat Song and he has recorded in many genres, including blues, folk, gospel, show tunes, and American standards. He has also starred in films, most notably in Otto Premingers hit musical Carmen Jones, Island in the Sun. Belafonte was a supporter of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s. Throughout his career, he has been an advocate for political and humanitarian causes, such as the anti-apartheid movement, since 1987, he has been a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. In recent years, he has been a critic of the policies of both the George W. Bush and Barack Obama presidential administrations. Harry Belafonte now acts as the American Civil Liberties Union celebrity ambassador for juvenile justice issues, Belafonte has won three Grammy Awards, including a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, an Emmy Award, and a Tony Award. In 1989, he received the Kennedy Center Honors and he was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1994. In 2014, he received the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award at the Academys 6th Annual Governors Awards, in March 2014, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from Berklee College of Music in Boston. His mother was born in Jamaica, the child of a Scottish white mother and his father also was born in Jamaica, the child of a black mother and Dutch Jewish father of Sephardi origins. This is all Harry says about his Jewish grandfather, whom he never met, “a white Dutch Jew who drifted over to the islands after chasing gold and diamonds, from 1932 to 1940, he lived with one of his grandmothers in her native country of Jamaica. When he returned to New York City, he attended George Washington High School after which he joined the Navy and served during World War II. In the 1940s, he was working as a assistant in NYC when a tenant gave him, as a gratuity. He fell in love with the art form and also met Sidney Poitier, the financially struggling pair regularly purchased a single seat to local plays, trading places in between acts, after informing the other about the progression of the play. He subsequently received a Tony Award for his participation in the Broadway revue John Murray Andersons Almanac, Belafonte started his career in music as a club singer in New York to pay for his acting classes. The first time he appeared in front of an audience, he was backed by the Charlie Parker band, with guitarist and friend Millard Thomas, Belafonte soon made his debut at the legendary jazz club The Village Vanguard. In 1952, he received a contract with RCA Victor and his first widely released single, which went on to become his signature song with audience participation in virtually all his live performances, was Matilda, recorded April 27,1953
29.
Sarah McLachlan
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Sarah Ann McLachlan, OC, OBC is a Canadian musician, singer, songwriter, pianist and guitarist. Known for her ballads and mezzo-soprano vocal range, as of 2009. McLachlans best-selling album to date is Surfacing, for which she won two Grammy Awards and four Juno Awards, in addition to her personal artistic efforts, she founded the Lilith Fair tour, which showcased female musicians on an unprecedented scale. The Lilith Fair concert tours took place from 1997 to 1999, on May 6,2014, she released her first album of original music in four years, titled Shine On. Sarah McLachlan was born on January 28,1968, in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, as a child, she took voice lessons, along with studies in classical piano and guitar. When she was 17 years old and still a student at Queen Elizabeth High School in Halifax, she fronted a short-lived rock band called The October Game. One of the songs, Grind, credited as a group composition, can be found on the independent Flamingo Records release Out of the Fog. It has yet to be released elsewhere and her high school yearbook predicted that she was destined to become a famous rock star. She finally signed to Nettwerk two years later before having written a single song, a mutual acquaintance introduced her to her birth mother when she was nineteen. McLachlan did not seek her out and was ambivalent about meeting her, in 1994 McLachlan was sued by Uwe Vandrei, an obsessed fan from Ottawa, who alleged that his letters to her had been the basis of the single Possession. The lawsuit was also challenging for the Canadian legal system, Vandrei was an admitted stalker whose acknowledged goal in filing the lawsuit was to be near McLachlan, consequently, precautions were taken to ensure McLachlans safety if she had to be in the same location as Vandrei. Before the trial however, Vandrei was found dead in an apparent suicide. Vandreis preoccupation with McLachlan was explored at length in Canadian author Judith Fitzgeralds book, Building a Mystery, in 1997, McLachlan married her drummer, Ashwin Sood, in Jamaica. While she was pregnant with her first child, her mother died from cancer in December 2001, while working on her next album, Afterglow, she gave birth to daughter India Ann Sushil Sood in Vancouver on April 6,2002. On June 22,2007 she gave birth to her daughter, Taja Summer Sood. McLachlan announced her separation from Ashwin Sood in September 2008 and they divorced the same year, the signing with Nettwerk prompted McLachlan to move to Vancouver, British Columbia. There she recorded her first album, Touch, in 1988, during this period she also contributed to an album by Moev, and embarked on her first national concert tour as an opening act for The Grapes of Wrath. Her 1991 album, Solace, was her breakthrough in Canada, spawning the hit singles The Path of Thorns
30.
Eric Clapton
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Eric Patrick Clapton, CBE, is an English rock and blues guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He is the only inductee to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, once as a solo artist and separately as a member of the Yardbirds. Clapton has been referred to as one of the most important, Clapton ranked second in Rolling Stone magazines list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time and fourth in Gibsons Top 50 Guitarists of All Time. He was also named number five in Time magazines list of The 10 Best Electric Guitar Players in 2009, in the mid-1960s Clapton left the Yardbirds to play with John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers. Furthermore, he formed rock band Blind Faith with Baker, Steve Winwood. For most of the 1970s Claptons output bore the influence of the style of J. J. Cale. His version of Marleys I Shot the Sheriff helped reggae reach a mass market, two of his most popular recordings were Layla, recorded with Derek and the Dominos, and Robert Johnsons Crossroads, recorded with Cream. Following the death of his son Conor in 1991, Claptons grief was expressed in the song Tears in Heaven, Clapton has been the recipient of 18 Grammy Awards, and the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. In 2004 he was awarded a CBE at Buckingham Palace for services to music, in 1998, Clapton, a recovering alcoholic and drug addict, founded the Crossroads Centre on Antigua, a medical facility for recovering substance abusers. Clapton was born on 30 March 1945 in Ripley, Surrey, England, to 16-year-old Patricia Molly Clapton and Edward Walter Fryer, Fryer shipped off to war prior to Claptons birth and then returned to Canada. The similarity in surnames gave rise to the belief that Claptons real surname is Clapp. Years later, his mother married another Canadian soldier and moved to Germany, Clapton received an acoustic Hoyer guitar, made in Germany, for his thirteenth birthday, but the inexpensive steel-stringed instrument was difficult to play and he briefly lost interest. Two years later Clapton picked it up again and started playing consistently, Clapton was influenced by the blues from an early age, and practised long hours to learn the chords of blues music by playing along to the records. He preserved his practice sessions using his portable Grundig reel-to-reel tape recorder and his guitar playing was so advanced that, by the age of 16, he was getting noticed. Around this time, Clapton began busking around Kingston, Richmond, in 1962, Clapton started performing as a duo with fellow blues enthusiast David Brock in pubs around Surrey. When he was seventeen years old, Clapton joined his first band, an early British R&B group and he stayed with this band from January until August 1963. In October of that year, Clapton did a stint with Casey Jones & the Engineers. In October 1963, Clapton joined the Yardbirds, a rock and roll band
31.
John Mellencamp
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John J Mellencamp, also known as John Cougar Mellencamp, is an American musician, singer-songwriter, painter, and actor. He is known for his catchy, populist brand of heartland rock, Paper in Fire, and Cherry Bomb. He has amassed 22 Top 40 hits in the United States. In addition, he holds the record for the most tracks by a solo artist to hit one on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, with seven. Mellencamp released his latest album, Plain Spoken, on September 23,2014, Mellencamp was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 10,2008. His biggest musical influences are Bob Dylan, Woody Guthrie, James Brown, said longtime Rolling Stone contributor Anthony DeCurtis, Mellencamp has created an important body of work that has earned him both critical regard and an enormous audience. The late Billboard magazine editor-in-chief Timothy White said in 2001, John Mellencamp is arguably the most important roots rocker of his generation, Mellencamps best music is rock n roll stripped of all escapism, and it looks directly at the messiness of life as its actually lived. In his music, mortality, anxiety, acts of God, questions of romance and brotherhood and this is rock music that tells the truth on both its composer and the culture hes observing. Johnny Cash called Mellencamp one of the 10 best songwriters in music and he was born with spina bifida, for which he had corrective surgery as an infant. Mellencamp formed his first band, Crepe Soul, at the age of 14 and later played in the local bands Trash, Snakepit Banana Barn, when Mellencamp was 18, he eloped with his pregnant girlfriend Priscilla Esterline. Mellencamp became a father in December 1970, only six months after he graduated high school. His daughter, Michelle, later became a mother when she was 19, Mellencamp attended Vincennes University, a two-year college in Vincennes, Indiana, starting in 1972. I would lie there, listening to Roxy Music, right next to the player so I wouldnt have to get up to flip the record over. Id listen to this record, that record, there would be four or five days like that when I would be completely gone. Mellencamp reluctantly agreed, but the album was a complete failure, Mellencamp confessed in a 2005 interview, That was put on me by some manager. I went to New York and everybody said, You sound like a hillbilly, so thats where he came up with that name. I was totally unaware of it until it showed up on the album jacket, when I objected to it, he said, Well, either youre going to go for it, or we’re not going to put the record out. So that was what I had to do, but I thought the name was pretty silly
32.
Bobby Vee
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Robert Thomas Velline, known professionally as Bobby Vee, was an American pop singer who was a teen idol in the early 1960s. According to Billboard magazine, he had thirty-eight Hot 100 chart hits and he had six gold singles in his career. Vee was born in Fargo, North Dakota, to Sydney Ronald Velline and Saima Cecilia Tapanila, in a family of Norwegian and his followup single, a cover of Adam Faiths UK number-one What Do You Want. Charted in the reaches of the Billboard pop chart in early 1960. His fourth release, a revival of the Clovers doo-wop ballad Devil or Angel and his next single, Rubber Ball, made him an international star. Vees recording of Take Good Care of My Baby in the summer of 1961 went to one on Billboard magazines U. S. pop chart. When Vee recorded Come Back When You Grow Up he was joined by a called the Strangers. He also recorded, in 1961, a version of the song Lollipop, originally by Ronald & Ruby, Vee had a total of ten hit singles in the UK, ending with Bobby Tomorrow in 1963. Vee was also a pioneer in the music genre, appearing in several musical films. He received the North Dakota Roughrider Award in 1999 and he is mentioned in the film No Direction Home regarding his brief musical association with Bob Dylan and Dylans suggestion that he was Bobby Vee after Vees regional hit. The Very Best of Bobby Vee, released by EMI/UK on May 12,2008, on January 17,2011, EMI/UK released Rarities, a double-CD package with 61 tracks, many of which were previously unreleased. Others included were alternate takes and first-time stereo releases as well as tracks from the album Bobby Vee Live on Tour, on March 28,2011, he became the 235th inductee into the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. In 2014 he was inducted into the Scandinavian-American Hall of Fame, Vees career began in the midst of tragedy. It crashed near Clear Lake, Iowa, en route to the show on the tour itinerary, in Moorhead. Their performance there was a success, setting in motion a chain of events led to Vees career as a popular singer. In 1963, Vee released an album on Liberty Records called I Remember Buddy Holly. In the liner notes, he recalled Hollys influence on him, Ive been a fan ever since and I guess I always will be. I remember a few years ago when Buddy was scheduled to appear at a dance in my town of Fargo
33.
Roger Whittaker
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Roger Whittaker is a Kenyan/British singer-songwriter and musician, who was born in Nairobi. His music is a mix of folk music and popular songs in addition to radio airplay hits. He is best known for his singing voice and trademark whistling ability as well as his guitar skills. He is widely known for his songs The Wind Beneath My Wings, Durham Town,1 on the Adult Contemporary chart. His final top-charting hit was Albany, which scored No.1 in West Germany in 1982, Whittakers parents, Edward and Vi Whittaker, were from Staffordshire, England, where they owned and operated a grocery shop. His father was injured in an accident and the family moved to a farm near Thika, Kenya. His grandfather sang in clubs and his father played the violin. Roger learned to play the guitar, Whittaker was called up for national service and spent two years in the Kenya Regiment. In 1956 he was demobilized and decided on a career in medicine and he enrolled at the University of Cape Town in South Africa. However, he left after 18 months and joined the civil service education department as a teacher, to further his teaching career, Whittaker moved to Britain in September 1959. For the next three years, he studied zoology, biochemistry and marine biology at Bangor University and earned a Bachelor of Science degree and he sang in local clubs and released songs on Flexi discs included with the campus newspaper, the Bangor University Rag. Shortly afterwards, he was signed to Fontana Records, which released his first professional single, The Charge of the Light Brigade, in the summer of 1962, Whittaker performed in Portrush, Northern Ireland. He achieved a breakthrough when he was signed to appear on an Ulster Television show called This and his second single was a cover version of Steel Men, released in June 1962. In 1966, Whittaker switched from Fontana to EMIs Columbia label and his fourth single for the imprint was Durham Town, which in 1969 became Whittakers first UK Top 20 hit. Whittakers US label, RCA Victor, released the uptempo New World in the Morning in 1970, in the early 1970s Whittaker took interest in the Nordic countries when he recorded the single Where the Angels Tread to the music of Evert Taube in 1972. In 1974 he performed at the Finnish Eurovision qualifications, the song The Finnish Whistler he performed became famous in Finland as it was used as a title music for the popular Finnish YLE television cooking programme Patakakkonen. 1975 saw EMI release The Last Farewell, a track from his 1971 New World in the Morning album and it became his biggest hit and a signature song, selling more than 11 million copies worldwide. In 1979, Whittaker wrote the song Call My Name which reached the final of the UK Eurovision selection, A Song For Europe, performed by Eleanor Keenan, Whittaker recorded the song himself and the single charted in several European countries
34.
Tony Rice
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Tony Rice is an American guitarist and bluegrass musician. He is perhaps the most influential living acoustic guitar player in bluegrass, progressive bluegrass, newgrass and he was inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame in 2013. Rices music spans the range of acoustic from traditional bluegrass to jazz-influenced New Acoustic music to songwriter-oriented folk, over the course of his career, he has played alongside J. D. He has recorded with drums, piano, soprano sax, as well as with traditional bluegrass instrumentation, Rice was born in Danville, Virginia but grew up in Los Angeles, California, where his father, Herb Rice, introduced him to bluegrass. Tony and his brothers learned the fundamentals of bluegrass and country music from L. A. musicians like the Kentucky Colonels, led by Roland, Clarence White in particular became a huge influence on Rice. Crossing paths with fellow enthusiasts like Ry Cooder, Herb Pedersen, in 1970, Rice had moved to Louisville, Kentucky where he played with the Bluegrass Alliance, and shortly thereafter, J. D. Crowes New South. The New South was known as one of the best and most progressive bluegrass groups—eventually adding drums, when Ricky Skaggs joined them 1974, however, the band recorded J. D. Crowe & the New South, an acoustic album that became Rounders top-seller up to that time. Around this time, Rice met mandolinist David Grisman, who played with Red Allen during the 1960s and was now working on material that blended jazz, bluegrass. Rice left the New South and moved to California to join Grismans all-instrumental group, renowned guitarist John Carlini came in to teach Rice music theory, and Carlini helped him learn the intricacies of jazz playing and musical improvisation in general. The David Grisman Quintets 1977 debut recording is considered a landmark of acoustic string band music, in 1980, Rice, Crowe, Bobby Hicks, Doyle Lawson and Todd Phillips formed the Bluegrass Album Band and recorded from 1980 to 1996. With the Tony Rice Unit, he pursued experimental spacegrass music on Mar West, Still Inside, in 1980, he recorded an album of bluegrass duets with Ricky Skaggs, called Skaggs & Rice. Beginning in 1984, Rice has collaborated on four albums by Béla Fleck - Double Time, Drive, Tales from the Acoustic Planet, in 1993, he joined David Grisman and Jerry Garcia, to record The Pizza Tapes. Year after, Rice and Grisman recorded Tone Poems, a collection of material. In 1995, Rice recorded folk album featuring just two guitars with John Carlini, who worked for David Grisman Quintet. In 1979, Rice left Grismans group to record Acoustics, an album, and then Manzanita. The books official release took place at Merlefest in North Carolina. com Tony Rice discography at Deaddisc. com
35.
Peter, Paul and Mary
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Peter, Paul and Mary was an American folk group formed in New York City in 1961, during the American folk music revival phenomenon. The trio was composed of songwriter Peter Yarrow, Paul Stookey, after the death of Travers in 2009, Yarrow and Stookey continued to perform as a duo under their individual names. Mary Travers said she was influenced by Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, and the Weavers. In the documentary Peter, Paul & Mary, Carry It On — A Musical Legacy members of the Weavers discuss how Peter, Paul and they recorded their debut album, Peter, Paul and Mary, the following year. It included Lemon Tree,500 Miles, and the Pete Seeger hit tunes If I Had a Hammer, the album was listed in the Billboard Magazine Top Ten for 10 months, including seven weeks in the No.1 position. It remained a main catalog-seller for decades to come, eventually selling two million copies, earning double platinum certification from the RIAA in the United States alone. In 1963 the group also released Puff, the Magic Dragon, with music by Yarrow and words based on a poem that had written by a fellow student at Cornell. Despite urban myths that insist the song is filled with drug references, it is actually about the lost innocence of childhood. That year the group performed If I Had a Hammer and Blowin in the Wind at the 1963 March on Washington, best remembered for the Reverend Martin Luther King, the Bob Dylan song Blowin in the Wind was one of their biggest hit singles. They also sang other Dylan songs, such as The Times They Are a-Changin, Dont Think Twice, Its All Right, and When the Ship Comes In. Their success with Dylans Dont Think Twice, Its All Right helped Dylans The Freewheelin Bob Dylan album rise into the top 30, on January 14,1964, they performed Blowin in the Wind on the Jack Benny television program. Leaving on a Jet Plane became their only No.1 single, in December 1969 and it was the groups sixth million-selling gold single. The track first appeared on their million-selling platinum certified Album 1700, day Is Done, a No.21 hit in June 1969 from the trios Grammy-award winning Peter, Paul and Mommy album, was the last hot 100 hit that the trio recorded. The trio broke up in 1970 to pursue careers and after Peter Yarrows arrest. Years later, Yarrow received a pardon from Jimmy Carter. Travers recorded five solo LPs and did concerts and lectures across the United States and she also produced, wrote, and starred in a BBC-TV series. Stookey formed a Christian music group called the Body Works Band, Yarrow co-wrote and produced Mary MacGregors Torn Between Two Lovers and earned an Emmy for three animated TV specials based on Puff the Magic Dragon. In 1972, they reunited for a concert at Madison Square Garden to support George McGoverns presidential campaign and this concert was followed by a 1978 summer reunion tour
36.
Glen Campbell
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Glen Travis Campbell is an American rock and country music singer, musician, songwriter, television host and actor. During his 50 years in business, Campbell has released more than 70 albums. He has sold 45 million records and accumulated 12 RIAA Gold albums, four Platinum albums, Campbell made history in 1967 by winning four Grammys total, in the country and pop categories. For Gentle on My Mind, he received two awards in country and western, By the Time I Get to Phoenix did the same in pop. Three of his early hits later won Grammy Hall of Fame Awards and he owns trophies for Male Vocalist of the Year from both the Country Music Association and the Academy of Country Music, and took the CMAs top award as 1968 Entertainer of the Year. John Wayne picked Campbell to play him in the film True Grit. Campbell sang the song which was nominated for an Academy Award. Glen Travis Campbell was born in Billstown, a community near Delight in Pike County, Arkansas, to John Wesley. He is the son of 12 children. His father was a sharecropper of Scottish ancestry and he started playing guitar as a youth and credits his uncle Boo for teaching him the guitar. In 1954, Campbell moved to Albuquerque to join his uncles band known as Dick Bills and he also appeared there on his uncles radio show and on K Circle B Time, the local childrens program on KOB television. In 1958, Campbell formed his own band, the Western Wranglers, in 1960, Campbell moved to Los Angeles to become a session musician. In October 1960 he joined The Champs, by January 1961, Campbell had found a daytime job at publishing company American Music, writing songs and recording demos. Because of these demos Campbell soon was in demand as a session musician and became part of a group of studio musicians later known as The Wrecking Crew. Campbell played on recordings by Bobby Darin, Ricky Nelson, Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, The Monkees, Nancy Sinatra, Merle Haggard, Jan and Dean, Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, and Phil Spector. In May 1961, he left The Champs and was signed by Crest Records. His first solo release, Turn Around, Look at Me, was a moderate success, Campbell also formed The Gee Cees with former bandmembers from The Champs, performing at The Crossbow Inn in Van Nuys. The Gee Cees, too, released a single on Crest, the instrumental Buzz Saw, in 1962, Campbell signed with Capitol Records
37.
The Irish Rovers
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The Irish Rovers is a group of Irish musicians, half of whom now live in Canada. The primary voices heard in the early songs were Will Millar, Jimmy Ferguson, George Millar and Joe Millar. Wilcil McDowells accordion has been a sound of the band throughout their more than fifty years. All but one of the members are from Ireland. Flute/whistle player Geoffrey Kelly was born in Dumfries, Scotland, in the 1980s, the group briefly renamed itself The Rovers. During this period, their Wasnt That a Party led to success in the country rock genre. The Irish Rovers have represented Canada at five World Expos, the brothers George Millar and Will Millar were both born in Ballymena, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. The children grew up in a household as their father Bob played button-key accordion for several bands throughout the years. Their cousin Joe Millar, who sang, took part in the family kitchen parties playing button-key accordion. As children, George and Will performed with their sister, Sandra Beech as The Millar Kids in Ireland, in 1963, George met fellow Northern Irish native Jimmy Ferguson at an Irish function in Toronto. They sang together until dawn, and founded the Irish Rovers, according to a Calgary Herald article in 1971, George and Jimmy formed the first Irish Rovers for an amateur variety show in Toronto and won. George’s cousin, Joe also soon emigrated to Toronto and was recruited as he stepped off the plane, the name The Irish Rovers was suggested by Georges mother. The traditional Irish song about a ship had been a favourite from their kitchen parties in Ballymena. For a short time, George, Jimmy and Joe were joined by Vic Marcus and Doug Henderson. Georges father, Bob, became The Irish Roverss first manager booking the new band at folk festivals, clubs, hootenanys, The Port o Call. After moving to Calgary Will formed a trio in Calgary along with another Ulster native. He also developed quite a following singing at Phils Pancake House, and then landing a job singing on Calgarys Just 4 Fun, in 1964, after more than 6 months performing in the Toronto area, George and Jimmy left to visit Will in Calgary. In 1979, Jimmy told Canadian Music Magazine, We actually formed the group in Toronto, I sang, George played guitar and at that time Joe was playing a little button key accordion
38.
Nico
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Christa Päffgen, better known by her stage name Nico, was a German singer-songwriter, lyricist, composer, musician, fashion model, and actress who became famous as a Warhol superstar in the 1960s. She is known for her vocals on the Velvet Undergrounds debut album, The Velvet Underground & Nico and she also had roles in several films, including Federico Fellinis La Dolce Vita and Andy Warhols Chelsea Girls. Nico was born Christa Päffgen in Cologne, when she was two years old, she moved with her mother and grandfather to the Spreewald forest outside of Berlin to escape the World War II bombardments of Cologne. In 1946, Nico and her mother relocated to downtown Berlin and she attended school until the age 13, and began selling lingerie in the exclusive department store KaDeWe, eventually getting modeling jobs in Berlin. At five feet ten inches and with chiseled features and porcelain skin, at the age of 15, while working as a temp for the U. S. Air Force, Nico was raped by an American sergeant. The sergeant was court-martialled and Nico gave evidence for the prosecution at his trial, Nicos song Secret Side from the album The End makes oblique references to the rape. Nico was discovered at 16 by the photographer Herbert Tobias while both were working at a KaDeWe fashion show in Berlin and he gave her the name Nico after her ex-boyfriend, filmmaker Nikos Papatakis, and she used it for the rest of her life. She moved to Paris and began working for Vogue, Tempo, Vie Nuove, Mascotte Spettacolo, Camera, Elle, at age 17, she was contracted by Coco Chanel to promote their products, but she fled to New York City and abandoned the job. Through her travels, she learned to speak English, Spanish, after appearing in several television advertisements, Nico got a small role in Alberto Lattuadas film La Tempesta. She also appeared in Rudolph Matés For the First Time, with Mario Lanza, later that year. In 1959, she was invited to the set of Federico Fellinis La Dolce Vita, where she attracted the attention of the acclaimed director, by this time, she was living in New York and taking acting classes with Lee Strasberg. She appears as the model on jazz pianist Bill Evans 1962 album. After splitting her time between New York and Paris, she got the role in Jacques Poitrenauds Strip-Tease. She recorded the track, which was written by Serge Gainsbourg but not released until 2001. In 1962, Nico gave birth to her son, Christian Aaron Ari Päffgen, the child was raised mostly by Delons mother and her husband and eventually was adopted by them, taking their surname, Boulogne. Nicos first performances as a singer took place in December 1963 at New Yorks Blue Angel nightclub, where she sang standards such as My Funny Valentine. In 1965, Nico met the Rolling Stones guitarist Brian Jones and recorded her first single, Im Not Sayin with the B-side The Last Mile, actor Ben Carruthers introduced her to Bob Dylan in Paris that summer. In 1967 Nico recorded his song Ill Keep It with Mine for her first album, Dylan had written the tune for Judy Collins in 1964, according to her own liner notes from the Geffen Records album Judy Collins Sings Dylan
39.
Olivia Newton-John
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Olivia Newton-John, AO, OBE is a British-Australian singer, songwriter and actress. She is a four-time Grammy award winner who has amassed five number-one and ten other Top Ten Billboard Hot 100 singles, eleven of her singles and fourteen of her albums have been certified gold by the RIAA. She has sold an estimated 100 million records worldwide, making her one of the worlds best-selling artists of all time and she starred in Grease, which featured one of the most successful soundtracks in Hollywood history. Newton-John has been a long-time activist for environmental and animal rights issues, since surviving breast cancer in 1992, she has been an advocate for health awareness becoming involved with various charities, health products and fundraising efforts. Her business interests have included launching several product lines for Koala Blue and she is the mother of one daughter, Chloe Rose Lattanzi, with her first husband, actor Matt Lattanzi. Her second husband is John Easterling, Newton-John was born in Cambridge, England, to Irene Helene, the eldest child of the Nobel Prize-winning physicist Max Born and Welsh father, Brinley Bryn Newton-John. Her mothers family had left Germany before World War II to avoid the Nazi regime and she is a third cousin of comedian Ben Elton. Her maternal great-grandfather was jurist Victor Ehrenberg and her matrilineal great-grandmothers father was jurist Rudolf von Jhering. Newton-John is the youngest of three children, following brother Hugh, a doctor, and sister Rona, an actress who was married to Grease co-star Jeff Conaway from 1980 until their divorce in 1985. Newton-Johns father was an MI5 officer on the Enigma project at Bletchley Park who took Rudolf Hess into custody during the Second World War. In 1954, when she was six, Newton-Johns family emigrated to Melbourne, Australia and she attended Christ Church Grammar School, and then University High School, adjacent to Ormond College. At fourteen, Newton-John formed a short-lived all-girl group, Sol Four and she became a regular on local Australian radio and television shows including HSV-7s The Happy Show where she performed as Lovely Livvy. She also appeared on the Go Show where she met future partner, Pat Carroll. Newton-John was initially reluctant to use the prize she had won, a trip to Britain, Newton-John recorded her first single, Till You Say Youll Be Mine Forever, in Britain for Decca Records in 1966. While in Britain, Newton-John missed her then-boyfriend, Ian Turpie, with whom she had co-starred in the Australian telefilm, Newton-John repeatedly booked trips back to Australia that her mother subsequently cancelled. Newton-Johns outlook changed when Pat Carroll also moved to the UK, the two formed a duo called Pat and Olivia and toured nightclubs in Europe. After Carrolls visa expired forcing her to return to Australia, Newton-John remained in Britain to pursue solo work until 1975 and she became engaged to The Shadows guitarist Bruce Welch, but they never married. Newton-John was recruited for the group Toomorrow formed by American producer Don Kirshner, in 1970, the group starred in a science fiction musical film and recorded an accompanying soundtrack album both named after the group
40.
Paul Weller
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John William Paul Weller, Jr. is an English singer, songwriter, musician. Weller achieved fame with the punk rock/new wave/mod revival band The Jam and he had further success with the blue-eyed soul music of The Style Council, before establishing himself as a solo artist in 1991. Despite widespread critical recognition as a singer, lyricist, and guitarist, Weller has remained a national, rather than international, star and he is also the principal figure of the 1970s and 1980s mod revival, and is often referred to as The Modfather. The Daily Telegraph said of Weller, Apart from David Bowie, its hard to think of any British solo artist whos had as varied, long-lasting, the BBC described Weller in 2007 as one of the most revered music writers and performers of the past 30 years. In 2012, he was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir Peter Blake to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork – the Beatles Sgt, peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover – to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life. He has received four Brit Awards, winning the award for Best British Male twice, Weller was born on 25 May 1958 in Woking, Surrey, England, to John and Ann Weller. Although born John William Weller, he known as Paul by his parents. His father worked as a driver and a builder and his mother was a part-time cleaner. Weller started his education at Maybury County First School in 1963 and his love of music began with The Beatles, then The Who and Small Faces. By the time Weller was eleven and moving up to Sheerwater County Secondary school, music was the biggest part of his life, Wellers musical vocation was confirmed after seeing Status Quo in concert in 1972. He formed the first incarnation of The Jam in the year, playing bass guitar with his best friends Steve Brookes. Wellers father, acting as their manager, began booking the band into local working mens clubs, Brookes left the band in 1976, and Weller and Foxton decided they would swap guitar roles, with Weller now the guitarist. The Jams first single, In the City took them into the UK Top 40 in May 1977, the increasing popularity of their blend of Wellers barbed lyrics with pop melodies eventually led to their first number one single, Going Underground, in March 1980. They became the band other than the Beatles to perform both sides of the same single on one edition of Top of the Pops. The Jam even had two singles, Thats Entertainment and Just Who Is the 5 OClock Hero, the Jam still hold the record for the best-selling import-only singles in the UK charts. Their final single, Beat Surrender, became their fourth UK chart topper and their farewell concerts at Wembley Arena were multiple sell-outs, their final concert took place at the Brighton Centre on 11 December 1982. At the beginning of 1983, Weller teamed up with keyboard player Mick Talbot to form a new group called The Style Council, Weller brought in Steve White to play drums, as well as singer Dee C. Lee, who had previously been a singer with Wham
41.
Nine Pound Hammer
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Nine Pound Hammer is an American cowpunk band formed in 1985 by vocalist Scott Luallen and guitarist Blaine Cartwright in their hometown of Owensboro, Kentucky. Though not recorded until 1988, the band was one of the wave of acts to combine the roots sound of country music with punk rock. David and Brian left, and Bart Altman, thunderstick man from The Disciples Of Decadence and this lineup played a single show at the Ross Theater as The Yuppie Mop Dogs on August 31,1985. The band played locally in Owensboro, Kentucky and Evansville, Indiana, garnering a very loyal following before relocating to Lexington, the band then changed their name to The Black Sheep and became the house band at Great Scotts Depot. Darren Howard replaced Toby, and the band became Nine Pound Hammer again, the name of the band is taken from the Merle Travis song Nine Pound Hammer. Brian Moore and Rob Hulsman joined on bass and drums in 1988, just before recording the bands first LP, The Mud, The Blood, the band has six full-length albums and several EPs. In 2005, Nine Pound Hammer was asked to pen a song and lyrics for 12 oz. Mouse. Singer Scott Luallen also appears in the series as the actor for the character Roostre. The Mud, The Blood, and The Beers -1988 Smokin Taters, -1992 Hayseed Timebomb -1994 Live At The VERA -1999 Kentucky Breakdown -2004 Mulebite Deluxe -2005 Sex, Drugs and Bill Monroe -2008 Country Classics -2010 Bluegrass Consiracy -201612 oz
