Gossip is a mass medium or rumor about the personal or private affairs of others. Gossip has been researched in terms of its origins in evolutionary psychology, which has found gossip to be an important means for people to monitor cooperative reputations and so maintain widespread indirect reciprocity. Indirect reciprocity is a social interaction in which one actor helps another and is benefited by a third party. Gossip has been identified by Robin Dunbar, an evolutionary biologist, as aiding social bonding in large groups; the word is from Old English godsibb, from god and sibb, the term for the godparents of one's child or the parents of one's godchild very close friends. In the 16th century, the word assumed the meaning of a person a woman, one who delights in idle talk, a newsmonger, a tattler. In the early 19th century, the term was extended from the talker to the conversation of such persons; the verb to gossip, meaning "to be a gossip", first appears in Shakespeare. The term originates from the bedroom at the time of childbirth.

Giving birth used to be a social event attended by women. The pregnant woman's female relatives and neighbours would idly converse. Over time, gossip came to mean talk of others. Others say that gossip comes from the same root as "gospel" — it is a contraction of "good spiel", meaning a good story. Gossip can: reinforce – or punish the lack of – morality and accountability reveal passive aggression and harming others serve as a process of social grooming build and maintain a sense of community with shared interests and values begin a courtship that helps one find their desired mate, by counseling others provide a peer-to-peer mechanism for disseminating information Mary Gormandy White, a human resource expert, gives the following "signs" for identifying workplace gossip: Animated people become silent People begin staring at someone Workers indulge in inappropriate topics of conversation. White suggests "five tips... handle the situation with aplomb: Rise above the gossip Understand what causes or fuels the gossip Do not participate in workplace gossip.

Allow for the gossip to go away on its own If it persists, "gather facts and seek help."Peter Vajda identifies gossip as a form of workplace violence, noting that it is "essentially a form of attack." Gossip is thought by many to "empower one person while disempowering another". Accordingly, many companies have formal policies in their employee handbooks against gossip. Sometimes there is room for disagreement on what constitutes unacceptable gossip, since workplace gossip may take the form of offhand remarks about someone's tendencies such as "He always takes a long lunch," or "Don’t worry, that’s just how she is."TLK Healthcare cites as examples of gossip, "tattletailing to the boss without intention of furthering a solution or speaking to co-workers about something someone else has done to upset us." Corporate email can be a dangerous method of gossip delivery, as the medium is semi-permanent and messages are forwarded to unintended recipients. Low self-esteem and a desire to "fit in" are cited as motivations for workplace gossip.

There are five essential functions that gossip has in the workplace: Helps individuals learn social information about other individuals in the organization Builds social networks of individuals by bonding co-workers together and affiliating people with each other. Breaks existing bonds by ostracizing individuals within an organization. Enhances one's social status/power/prestige within the organization. Inform individuals as to what is considered acceptable behavior within the organization. According to Kurkland and Pelled, workplace gossip can be serious depending upon the amount of power that the gossiper has over the recipient, which will in turn affect how the gossip is interpreted. There are four types of power that are influenced by gossip: Coercive: when a gossiper tells negative information about a person, their recipient might believe that the gossiper will spread negative information about them; this causes the gossiper's coercive power to increase. Reward: when a gossiper tells positive information about a person, their recipient might believe that the gossiper will spread positive information about them.

This causes the gossiper's reward power to increase. Expert: when a gossiper seems to have detailed knowledge of either the organization's values or about others in the work environment, their expert power becomes enhanced. Referent: this power can either be reduced OR enhanced to a point; when people view gossiping as a petty activity done to waste time, a gossiper's referent power can decrease along with their reputation. When a recipient is thought of as being invited into a social circle by being a recipient, the gossiper's referent power can increase, but only to a high point where the recipient begins to resent the gossiper; some negative consequences of workplace gossip may include: Lost productivity and wasted time, Erosion of trust and morale, Increased anxiety among employees as rumors circulate without any clear information as to what is fact and what isn’t, Growing divisiveness among employees as people “take sides," Hurt feelings and reputations, Jeopardized chances for the gossipers' advancement as they are perceived as unprofessional, Attrition as good employees leave the company due to the unhealthy work atmosphere.

Turner and Weed theoriz

On Being is a public radio conversation and podcast, a Webby Award-winning website and public event convener. Hosted by Krista Tippett, it examines what it calls the, "animating questions at the center of human life: What does it mean to be human, how do we want to live?" On Being is an hour-long radio show and podcast, hosted by Krista Tippett. Tippett has interviewed guests ranging from poets to physicists, doctors to historians, artists to activists, her guests include the 14th Dalai Lama, Maya Angelou, Mohammed Fairouz, Desmond Tutu, Thich Nhat Hanh, Rosanne Cash, Wangari Maathai, Yo-Yo Ma, Paulo Coehlo, Brian Greene, John Polkinghorne, Jean Vanier, Joanna Macy, Sylvia Earle, Elie Wiesel. In 2006, On Being became the first national public radio show to offer unedited interviews alongside the produced radio show in their podcast and on their website. Krista Tippett pitched a series of pilots on religion and ethics to Bill Buzenberg Vice President for News at Minnesota Public Radio/American Public Media, in the late 1990s.

The program became a monthly series in 2001 and a weekly national program distributed by American Public Media in 2003. In 2010, the show's name changed from Speaking of Faith to On Being. In 2013, Tippett left APM to start the non-profit production company, Krista Tippett Public Productions, which she described as "a social enterprise with a radio show at its heart"; as of July 2014, On Being aired on 334 public radio stations across the United States, the On Being podcast reached a global audience of 1.5 million listeners a month. On Being was listed in the iTunes top ten podcasts of 2014. In 2016, On Being changed distributors from APM to the Public Radio Exchange; the Columbia Journalism Review said of On Being and Tippett, "To listen to her show is to hear how intelligent and thoughtful religious people can be when they are allowed to be subjective and not regurgitate dogma." In 2008 the show produced a series of programs called "Repossessing Virtue", exploring the spiritual and moral aspects of the economic recession.

Other series have included "Revealing Ramadan" and "Living Islam" and "The Civil Conversations Project." In 2014, On Being produced two radio specials. "Science on Human Frontiers" included interviews with Brian Greene, Natalie Batalha, S. James Gates, Sylvia Earle, Esther Sternberg. Most On Being produced a special series on "The American Consciousness," a collection of live interviews at the Chautauqua Institution with Michel Martin, Richard Rodriguez, Imani Perry, Nathan Schneider. Krista Tippett Public Productions was founded in 2013 by Krista Tippett as a non-profit production company with a 4,000-square-foot studio and live event space on Loring Park in Minneapolis. KTPP manages the production and funding of the program, distributed by APM. On Being is the flagship podcast for KTPP but has produced other podcasts. Becoming Wise, is associated with Krista Tippett's 2016 book by the same name, Creating Our Own Lives; the had its first season in 2016 and is anticipating the release of a second season in 2017.

In 2012, On Being began a series of interviews and live events which became the Civil Conversations Project. The initial four-part series was a collaboration of the Brookings Institution, the Humphrey School, the John C. Danforth Center on Religion and Politics; the project grew out of a sentiment that Tippett heard from many Americans who felt that our "civic life is broken, that bipartisan consensus is inconceivable". Tippett says that "conduct in public spaces may be as important as the positions we take". Tippett describes the program as about "equipping people, wherever they may live, to create new conversational spaces". Harvard Law School has used resources from the Civil Conversations Project. In 2014, the Civil Conversations Project lead an international pilot program in places such as Northern Ireland and Jordan. President Barack Obama awarded Tippett the National Humanities Medal for: "thoughtfully delving into the mysteries of human existence. On the air and in print, Ms. Tippett avoids easy answers, embracing complexity and inviting people of every background to join her conversation about faith and moral wisdom."

George Foster Peabody Award for its radio and online production "The Ecstatic Faith of Rumi" in 2007, featuring interview with scholar Fatemeh Keshavarz. Webby Award: 2014, 2008, 2005. Wilbur Award, Religion Communicators Council, for "Religion in a Time of War," and "Progressive Islam in America." Official website

Dmitry Yuryevich Petrov is a self-proclaimed Russian polyglot, simultaneous translator, broadcaster, teacher. He is a host of a reality show "Polyglot" on TV channel "Russia-K". Dmitry Petrov got into Moscow State Linguistic University in 1975. According to some sources Dmitry Petrov worked with Russian presidents, he was an interpreter for Boris Yeltsin, Vladimir Putin. In 2014 Dmitry Petrov won a prestigious TEFI award for his reality show "Polyglot". Петров Д. Ю. Борейко В. Н.. Магия слова. Диалог о языке и языках. М.: ПрозаиК. P. 208. ISBN 978-5-91631-105-1. Personal site of Dmitry Petrov Language courses, which teaches Dmitry Petrov Dmitry Petrov on Facebook Dmitriy Petrov Linguistics Center "Roman Holiday with Dmitry Petrov" How to teach a polyglot a new language? Interview with Dmitry Petrov Leading the show "Polyglot" Dmitry Petrov: "Difficulties with Gaius Germanicus? All of us with her features somehow get along " Evening Moscow, 10 January 2014 Conversations with polyglot Petrov – 1 Forbes.kz Conversations with polyglot Petrov – 2 Forbes.kz Dmitry Petrov broadcast «Radio Mayak" Dmitry Petrov in the air of "Echo of Moscow" radio station Dmitry Petrov Vokrug TV

Thierry Guardiola is a former professional tennis player from France. Guardiola, aged 15, broke a thigh bone playing in the juniors and was told that he would never play tennis again, he however went on to win the Under-18 French National Championships in 1989. In 1994 he upset world number 11 Magnus Gustafsson at the Philips Open in Nice, en route to the quarter-finals, where he lost to Slava Doseděl; the biggest win however was over four-time Grand Slam champion Jim Courier in the first round of the 1995 Italian Open, one of that year's ATP Super 9 tournaments. The Frenchman was a quarter-finalist on one further occasion during his tour career, in the Marseille Open 13, his first three Grand Slam appearances were all in his home event, the French Open, where he made the second round in 1992 and lost five set opening round matches in 1994 and 1995, to Bernd Karbacher and rising star Yevgeny Kafelnikov. Guardiola reached the second round of the 1995 Australian Open, defeating Jason Stoltenberg, the world number 20.

He managed to make the second round again in the 1995 French Open but never won another Grand Slam match. In his remaining three Grand Slams he had the misfortune of having to start the tournaments against two third seeds and at the 2000 US Open had to play eventual champion Marat Safin

One is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring 1978 performances and released on 20th Century Fox in 1979. "One" -: David Crawford, Mike Melvoin, John Rowin, Chuck Rainey, Roger Barthelemy, Bill Summers. Conducted and arranged by Sigidi. "Just The Way You Are" -: Mike Melvoin, John Rowin & Mario Henderson, John Heard, Scotty Edwards, Andre Fisher, Shondu Rondo Akeim, Geoff Howe. "Jet" -: Jamal, John Rowin & Mario Henderson, Scotty Edwards, Andre Fisher, Shondu Rondo Akeim, Paulinho Da Costa. Horn section conducted by Mike Melvoin. "Black Cow" -: Jamal, John Rowin, Scotty Edwards, Steve Bowling, Roger Barthelemy, Bill Summers, Hal Blaine, Eloise Laws, Stephanie Spruill, Virginia Ayers. Conducted and arranged by Sigidi. "Dynamo" -: Jamal, Calvin Keys, John Heard, Eddie Marshall, Kenny Nash, Hal Blaine. "Sumayah" -: Jamal. "Festival" -: Jamal, Calvin Keys, John Heard, Eddie Marshall, Kenny Nash, Paulino Da Costa

Keith Tyson is an English artist. In 2002, he was the winner of the Turner Prize, his work is concerned with an interest in generative systems, an embrace of the complexity and interconnectedness of existence. Tyson works in a wide range of media, including painting and installation. Bower moved to Dalton-in-Furness, he showed an interest in and talent for art at an early age, having been inspired by his "very creative and enthusiastic" primary school art teacher. However he left school at the age of 15 without qualifications, took employment as a fitter and turner with VSEL in Barrow-in-Furness. In 1989, he began an art foundation course at the Carlisle College of Art, the following year he moved south to take up a place on experimental Alternative Practice degree at The Faculty of Arts and Architecture, University of Brighton. During the 1990s, Tyson’s practice was dominated by the Artmachine, the first means through which Tyson explored his ongoing interest in randomness and the question of how things come into being.

The Artmachine was a method Tyson developed which used a combination of computer programmes, flow charts and books in order to generate chance combinations of words and ideas, which were realised in practice as artworks in a wide range of media. The results of the Artmachine became the basis of Tyson’s earliest exhibited artworks. From 1999, Tyson’s interests practice turned from the Artmachine towards an artistic approach which explored the same thematic terrain, but this time directly by his own hand; the first such body of work was entitled Thinking. Many of these works were installed in the international exhibition in the 2001 Venice Biennale In 2002, Tyson mounted Supercollider at South London Gallery and the Kunsthalle Zürich in Switzerland; the name of the exhibition, derived from the popular name for the CERN particle accelerator in Geneva, indicated the significance of scientific ways of seeing and thinking about the world to Tyson’s art at this time. In December 2002, Tyson was awarded the Turner Prize.

The other shortlisted artists that year were Liam Gillick and Catherine Yass. The Turner Prize was notorious that year not so much for the controversial nature of the work of the shortlisted artists as in previous years, but because of the comments of Culture Minister Kim Howells, his comments that the Turner Prize exhibition at Tate Britain consisted of "cold, conceptual bullshit" were greeted with both approval and criticism in the media. In 2005, The following year, Tyson first exhibited his most monumental and ambitious work to date, Large Field Array, in the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art in Denmark, which travelled to the De Pont Museum of Contemporary Art in the Netherlands and The Pace Gallery in New York. In 2009 Tyson's work was shown at the Hayward Gallery as part of the group exhibition "Walking in My Mind". Only a fraction of the instructions issued from the Artmachine were realised as artworks, but many of the playful and inventive mixed media works that were created include a twenty-four foot painting made from bathroom sealant, a painting using toothpaste and music CDs.

Described by Walter Robinson as "nothing less than a complete Pop cosmology", Large Field Array comprises 300 modular units, most formed from into implied 2-foot cubes. Each crafted cubic sculpture represents a unique yet recognizable feature of the world, from popular culture to natural history. Sculptures as diverse as a representation of American billionaire Donald Trump’s wedding cake, a chimney with a bird on top of it with a satellite dish, a chair made of skeletons, were all constructed and arranged; the installation invited the viewer/participant to negotiate his or her own path through a random assortment of images and ideas, echoing the mental processes which create free associations between disparate phenomena which so fascinate Tyson. A mixture of paints and chemicals are allowed to interact in specific ways upon an acid primed aluminium panel; the combined processes of gravity, chemical reaction, temperature and evaporation conspire to create surfaces reminiscent of a wide range of natural forms and landscapes.

In this respect, the paintings seem to be depict nature, but they are created by nature as well. Collectively these works on paper represent Tyson's journal; each ‘Wall Drawing’ is made on a sheet of paper measuring 158 cm x 126 cm, the same dimensions as a small wall in Tyson’s original studio where he used to draw-up notes. Over the years these sheets have recorded his ideas, emotional tone and mood, visits people made to the studio, world events and economic fluctuations, they are exhibited in large non-chronological grids to form solid walls of diverse images, text. Galerie Vallois, Paris Pace Gallery, New York Solo and group exhibition cataloguesCloud Choreography and Other Emergent Systems, Parasol Unit foundation for contemporary art, London, 2009 Martian Museum of Terrestrial Art, Barbican Art Gallery, London, 2008 Keith Tyson, Studio Wall Drawings 1997–2007, Haunc