Ministry of Finance (Malaysia)
The Ministry of Finance, abbreviated MOF, is a ministry of the Government of Malaysia, charged with the responsibility for government expenditure and revenue raising. The ministry's role is to prepare the Malaysian federal budget; the Ministry of Finance oversees financial legislation and regulation. Each year in October, the Minister of Finance presents the Malaysian federal budget to the Parliament; the Minister of Finance administers his functions through the Ministry of Finance and a range of other government agencies. The current Minister of Finance is Lim Guan Eng, its headquarters is in Ministry of Putrajaya. The Minister of Finance is the minister in charge of government expenditure; the Minister oversees economic policy: fiscal policy is within the Minister's direct responsibility, while monetary policy is implemented by the politically independent Central Bank of Malaysia, the head of, appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. The Minister of Finance oversees financial legislation and regulation.
Each year in October, the Minister of Finance presents the Malaysian federal budget to the Parliament. The Minister of Finance is a senior government post. Service as Minister of Finance is seen as an important qualification for serving as Prime Minister: to date, five Ministers of Finance have gone on to be Prime Minister. Minister of Finance Deputy Minister Secretary-General of Treasury Under the Authority of Secretary-General of Treasury Special Commissioners of Income Tax National Strategy Unit Legal Division Customs Appeal Tribunal Corporate Strategy and Communication Division Treasury Internal Audit Unit Integrity Unit GST Appeal Tribunal Deputy Secretary-General of Treasury National Budget Office International Division Fiscal and Economics Division Tax Division Registrar Office of Credit Reporting Agencies Deputy Secretary-General of Treasury Remuneration Policy and Management Division Government Procurement Division Sabah Federal Treasury Sarawak Federal Treasury Information Technology Division Deputy Secretary-General of Treasury Public Asset Management Division Government Investment Companies Division Statutory Body Strategic Management Division Strategic Investment Division Federal Treasury, or Perbendaharaan Malaysia.
Royal Malaysian Jabatan Kastam Diraja Malaysia. Accountant General's Jabatan Akauntan Negara Malaysia. Valuation and Property Services Department, or Jabatan Penilaian dan Perkhidmatan Harta. Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia, or Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri. Langkawi Development Authority, or Lembaga Pembangunan Langkawi. Malaysian Totalisator Board, or Lembaga Totalisator Malaysia. Public Sector Home Financing Board, or Lembaga Pembiayaan Perumahan Sektor Awam. Labuan International Business and Financial Centre, or Pusat Perniagaan dan Kewangan Antarabangsa Labuan. Securities Commission Malaysia, or Suruhanjaya Sekuriti Malaysia. Employees Provident Fund, or Kumpulan Wang Simpanan Pekerja. Retirement Fund, or Kumpulan Wang Persaraan. Bursa Malaysia Berhad. Khazanah Nasional Berhad. National Savings Bank, or Bank Simpanan Nasional. Central Bank of Malaysia, or Bank Negara Malaysia. Tun Razak Foundation, or Yayasan Tun Razak; the Ministry of Finance is responsible for administration of several key Acts: Income Tax Act 1967 Financial Procedure Act 1957 Sales Tax Act 1972 Gaming Tax Act 1972 Accountants Act 1967 Bank Simpanan Nasional Act 1974 Service Tax Act 1975 Islamic Development Bank Act 1975 Real Property Gains Tax Act 1976 Excise Act 1976 Tun Razak Foundation Act 1976 Treasury Bills Act 1946 Betting and Sweepstake Duties Act 1948 Customs Act 1967 Treasury Deposit Receipts Act 1952 Valuers and Estate Agents Act 1981 Lotteries Act 1952 Goods Vehicle Levy Act 1983 Promotion of Investments Act 1986 Finance Act 1986 Unclaimed Moneys Act 1965 Minister of Finance Act 1957 Stamp Act 1949 Pool Betting Act 1967 External Loans Act 1963 Development Funds Act 1966 Lembaga Pembangunan Langkawi Act 1990 Free Zones Act 1990 Labuan Companies Act 1990 Labuan Business Activity Tax Act 1990 Employees Provident Fund Act 1991 Securities Industry Act 1991 Bretton Woods Agreements Act 1957 Securities Commission Act 1993 Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia Act 1995 Petroleum Act 1967 Labuan Offshore Financial Services Authority Act 1996 Labuan Offshore Trusts Act 1996 Financial Reporting Act 1997 Pengurusan Danaharta Nasional Berhad Act 1998 Windfall Profit Levy Act 1998 Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing and Proceeds of Unlawful Activities Act 2001 Development Financial Institutions Act 2002 Islamic Financial Services Board Act 2002 Demutualisation Act 2003 Retirement Fund Act 2007 [Act 662
Judiciary of Malaysia
Judiciary of Malaysia is centralised despite Malaysia's federal constitution influenced by the English common law and to a lesser extent Islamic law. There are two types of trials and civil; the hierarchy of courts begins from the Magistrates' Court, Sessions Court, High Court, Court of Appeal, the Federal Court. The jurisdiction of the courts in civil or criminal matters are contained in the Subordinate Courts Act 1948 and the Courts of Judicature Act 1964. Article 121 of the Constitution provides for two High Courts of co-ordinate jurisdiction, the High Court in Malaya, the High Court in Sabah and Sarawak, thus this creates two separate local jurisdiction of the courts – for Peninsular Malaysia and for East Malaysia. The highest position in the judiciary of Malaysia is the Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Malaysia, followed by the President of the Court of Appeal, the Chief Judge of Malaya, the Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak; the superior courts are the High Court, Court of Appeal, the Federal Court, while the Magistrates' Courts and the Sessions Courts are classified as subordinate courts.
The current President of the Federal Court effective 11 July 2018 is Tan Sri Richard Malanjum, the President of the Court of Appeal is Tan Sri Dato' Sri Ahmad Bin Haji Maarop, the Chief Judge of Malaya is Tan Sri Zaharah Ibrahim. The current Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak is Justice Datuk David Wong Dak Wah. There are three courts with different jurisdiction within, they are the Federal Court: the highest court in the land, the Appeal Court, the High Court of Malaya and the High Court of Sabah and Sarawak. Each is headed by a federal judge called the Chief Justice of the Federal Court, President of the Appeal Court and Chief Judge of the High Courts of Malaya and Sabah and Sarawak respectively; the Federal Court is the highest court in Malaysia. The Federal Court may hear appeals of civil decisions of the Court of Appeal where the Federal Court grants leave to do so; the Federal Court hears criminal appeals from the Court of Appeal, but only in respect of matters heard by the High Court in its original jurisdiction.
The Court of Appeal hears all civil appeals against decisions of the High Courts except where against judgment or orders made by consent. In cases where the claim is less than RM250,000, the judgment or order relates to costs only, the appeal is against a decision of a judge in chambers on an interpleader summons on undisputed facts, the leave of the Court of Appeal must first be obtained; the Court of Appeal hears appeals of criminal decisions of the High Court. It is the court of final jurisdiction for cases; the two High Courts in Malaysia have general supervisory and revisionary jurisdiction over all the Subordinate Courts, jurisdiction to hear appeals from the Subordinate Courts in civil and criminal matters. The High Courts have unlimited civil jurisdiction, hear actions where the claim exceeds RM1,000,000, other than actions involving motor vehicle accidents and tenant disputes and distress; the High Courts hear all matters relating to: the validity or dissolution of marriage and matrimonial causes and matters relating to the winding-up of companies, guardianship or custody of children, grants of probate and letters of administration of estates, specific performance or rescissions of contracts, legitimacy of persons.
The High Courts have unlimited jurisdiction in all criminal matters other than matters involving Islamic law. The High Courts have original jurisdiction in criminal cases punishable by death. Cases are heard by a judicial commissioner. While High Court judges enjoy security of tenure, judicial commissioners are appointed for a term of two years, do not enjoy similar protection under the Constitution. An application for a judicial review is applied in this court; the Magistrates' Courts and Sessions Courts in Malaysia have the power in control the both criminal and civil matters. Somewhat like the former Quarter Sessions in England, but does not exceed RM1,000,000 as per ss 65, 73, 93 of the Subordinate Courts Act 1948; the exception however is in matters relating to motor vehicle accidents and tenant and distress, where the Sessions Courts have unlimited jurisdiction pursuant to s 65SCA. By virtue of s 65 SCA, the parties to a legal action may enter into an agreement in writing to grant jurisdiction to the Sessions Court to try an action beyond its prescribed monetary jurisdiction aforesaid.
Magistrates are divided into First Class and Second Class Magistrates, the former being qualified and having greater powers. Second Class Magistrates are now not appointed. In criminal matters, First Class Magistrates' Courts have power to try all offences of which the maximum term of imprisonment does not exceed 10 years or which are punishable with fine only, but may pass sentences of not more than five years imprisonment, a fine of up to RM10,000, and/or up to twelve strokes of the cane under section 87 Subordinate Court Act 1948; the Magistrates Courts hear all civil matters with less than RM100,000 in dispute. The Magistrates' Courts hear appeals from the Penghulu's Courts; the end The court of a penghulu, or Malay village head, has the power to hear civil matters of which the claim does not exceed RM50, where the parties are of an Asian race and speak and understand the Malay language. The Penghulu Court's criminal jurisdiction is limited to offences of a minor nature charged against a person of Asian
Separation of powers
The separation of powers is a model for the governance of a state. Under this model, a state's government is divided into branches, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with the powers associated with the other branches; the typical division is into three branches: a legislature, an executive, a judiciary, the trias politica model. It can be contrasted with the fusion of powers in some parliamentary systems where the executive and legislative branches overlap. Separation of powers, refers to the division of responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another; the intent of separation of powers is to prevent the concentration of unchecked power by providing for "checks" and "balances" to avoid autocracy, over-reaching by one branch over another, the attending efficiency of governing by one actor without need for negotiation and compromise with any other.
The separation of powers model is imprecisely and metonymically used interchangeably with the trias politica principle. While the trias politica is a common type of model, there are governments which utilize bipartite, rather than tripartite, systems as mentioned in the article. Aristotle first mentioned the idea of a "mixed government" or hybrid government in his work Politics where he drew upon many of the constitutional forms in the city-states of Ancient Greece. In the Roman Republic, the Roman Senate and the Assemblies showed an example of a mixed government according to Polybius. John Calvin favoured a system of government that divided political power between democracy and aristocracy. Calvin appreciated the advantages of democracy, stating: "It is an invaluable gift if God allows a people to elect its own government and magistrates." In order to reduce the danger of misuse of political power, Calvin suggested setting up several political institutions which should complement and control each other in a system of checks and balances.
In this way and his followers resisted political absolutism and furthered the growth of democracy. Calvin aimed to protect the well-being of ordinary people. In 1620, a group of English separatist Congregationalists and Anglicans founded Plymouth Colony in North America. Enjoying self-rule, they established a bipartite democratic system of government; the "freemen" elected the General Court, which functioned as legislature and judiciary and which in turn elected a governor, who together with his seven "assistants" served in the functional role of providing executive power. Massachusetts Bay Colony, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Pennsylvania had similar constitutions – they all separated political powers. Books like William Bradford's History of Plymoth Plantation were read in England. So the form of government in the colonies was well known in the mother country, including to the philosopher John Locke, he deduced from a study of the English constitutional system the advantages of dividing political power into the legislative, on the one hand, the executive and federative power, responsible for the protection of the country and prerogative of the monarch, on the other hand.
The term "tripartite system" is ascribed to French Enlightenment political philosopher Baron de Montesquieu, although he did not use such a term. In reality he referred to "distribution" of powers. In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu described the various forms of distribution of political power among a legislature, an executive, a judiciary. Montesquieu's approach was to present and defend a form of government, not excessively centralized in all its powers to a single monarch or similar ruler, form of government known as "aristocracy", he based this model on the Constitution of the British constitutional system. Montesquieu took the view that the Roman Republic had powers separated so that no one could usurp complete power. In the British constitutional system, Montesquieu discerned a separation of powers among the monarch and the courts of law. In every government there are three sorts of power: the legislative. By virtue of the first, the prince or magistrate enacts temporary or perpetual laws, amends or abrogates those that have been enacted.
By the second, he makes peace or war, sends or receives embassies, establishes the public security, provides against invasions. By the third, he determines the disputes that arise between individuals; the latter we shall call the judiciary power, the other the executive power of the state. Montesquieu argues that each Power should only exercise its own functions, it was quite explicit here: When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty. Again, there is no liberty if the judiciary power be not separated from the legislative and executive. Were it joined with the legisla
Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry (Malaysia)
The Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry, abbreviated MOA, is a ministry of the Government of Malaysia, responsible for agriculture, agro-based industry, livestock, veterinary services, quarantine, agricultural research, agricultural development, agricultural marketing, pineapple industry, botanical garden, food security, food sovereignty. Minister of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry Deputy Minister Second Deputy Minister Secretary-General Under the Authority of Secretary-General Legal Advisor Office Corporate Communication Unit Internal Audit Unit Integrity Unit Key Performance Indicator Unit Deputy Secretary-General Crops and Fishery Industry Division Paddy and Rice Industry Division Agro-based Industry Division Development Division Agriculture Drainage and Irrigation Division Deputy Secretary-General Policy and Strategic Planning Division National Agriculture Training Council International Division Marketing and Export Division Young Agropreneur Unit and National Blue Ocean Strategy Division Senior Under-Secretary Human Resource Management Division Finance Division Account Division Information Management Division Administration Division Department of Agriculture Malaysia, or Jabatan Pertanian Malaysia.
Department of Veterinary Services, or Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar. Department of Fisheries Malaysia, or Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia. Malaysian Quarantine and Inspection Services Department, or Jabatan Perkhidmatan Kuarantin dan Pemeriksaan Malaysia. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, or Institut Penyelidikan dan Kemajuan Pertanian Malaysia. Farmers' Organization Authority, or Lembaga Pertubuhan Peladang. Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority, or Lembaga Pemasaran Pertanian Persekutuan. Fisheries Development Authority of Malaysia, or Lembaga Kemajuan Ikan Malaysia. Muda Agricultural Development Authority, or Lembaga Kemajuan Peladang Muda. Malaysian Pineapple Industry Board, or Lembaga Perindustrian Nanas Malaysia. Kemubu Agricultural Development Authority, or Lembaga Kemajuan Pertanian Kemubu. National Entrepreneurial Group Economic Fund, or Tabung Ekonomi Kumpulan Usaha Niaga Nasional. Bank Pertanian Malaysia Berhad. To increase food production in Malaysia and reduce food imports, Bank Negara Malaysia and Ministry of Agriculture both provide financing at a reasonable cost, with a minimum of RM10,000 funding.
Only Malaysian-owned institutions are eligible for the financing. The Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry is responsible for administration of several key Acts: Minister of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry
Prime Minister of Malaysia
The Prime Minister of Malaysia is the head of government and the highest political office in Malaysia. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong appoints Prime Minister as a Member of Parliament who, in his opinion, is most to command the confidence of a majority of MPs; the Prime Minister chairs the Cabinet of the de facto executive branch of government. On 18 October 2018, 7th Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad, announced a two-term limit to all Cabinet Profolio. After the formation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963, Tunku Abdul Rahman, the Chief Minister of the Federation of Malaya, became Prime Minister of Malaysia. From independence until the 2018 general election, the Prime Minister had always been from the United Malays National Organisation party of Barisan Nasional. Following a general election, Mahathir Mohamad took office on 10 May 2018, as the first Prime Minister of the opposition coalition, Pakatan Harapan. Mahathir is the first Prime Minister not to represent the Alliance/Barisan Nasional coalition.
He is the first Malaysian Prime Minister to serve from two different parties and on non-consecutive terms. Mahathir and the PH coalition have confirmed that, after a period of around 2 years, People's Justice Party leader Anwar Ibrahim will take over as Prime Minister. On 11 June 2018, Mahathir said he's prepared to stay as Prime Minister for more than two years if, what members of the public wants. According to the federal constitution, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall first appoint as Prime Minister to preside over the Cabinet and requires such Prime Minister to be a member of the Dewan Rakyat who in his judgment is to command the confidence of the majority of the members of that House and must not a Malaysian citizen by naturalisation or by registration; the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on the Prime Minister's advice shall appoint other Ministers from either Dewan Rakyat or Dewan Negara. The Prime Minister and his cabinet ministers must take and subscribe in the presence of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong the oath of office and allegiance as well as the oath of secrecy before they can exercise the functions of office.
The Cabinet shall be collectively responsible to Parliament of Malaysia. The members of the Cabinet shall not hold any office of profit and engage in any trade, business or profession that will cause conflict of interest; the Prime Minister's Department is the body and ministry in which the Prime Minister exercises its functions and powers. If a government cannot get its appropriation legislation passed by the House of Representatives, or the house passes a vote of "no confidence" in the government, the Prime Minister is bound by convention to resign immediately; the Yang di-Pertuan Agong's choice of replacement prime minister will be dictated by the circumstances. Ministers other than the Prime Minister shall hold office during the pleasure of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, unless the appointment of any Minister shall have been revoked by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on the advice of the Prime Minister but any Minister may resign his office. Following a resignation in other circumstances, defeated in an election or the death of a prime minister, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong will appoint as Prime Minister the person voted by the governing party as their new leader.
The power of the prime minister is subject to a number of limitations. Prime ministers removed as leader of his or her party, or whose government loses a vote of no confidence in the House of Representatives, must advise a new election of the lower house or resign the office; the defeat of a supply bill or unable to pass important policy-related legislation is seen to require the resignation of the government or dissolution of Parliament, much like a non-confidence vote, since a government that cannot spend money is hamstrung called loss of supply. The prime minister's party will have a majority in the House of Representatives and party discipline is exceptionally strong in Malaysian politics, so passage of the government's legislation through the House of Representatives is a formality. Under the Constitution, the Prime Minister’s role includes advising the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on: the appointment of the federal ministers. Under Article 39 of the Constitution, executive authority is vested in the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
However, Article 40 states that in most cases, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is bound to exercise his powers on the advice of the Cabinet or a minister acting under the Cabinet's general authority. Thus, most of the day-to-day work of governing is done by the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. Under Article 55 of Constitution of Malaysia, the lower house of Parliament unless sooner dissolved by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong with his own discretion on the advice of the prime minister shall continue for five years from the date of its first meeting. Article 55 of the Constitution permits a delay of
Malaysia
Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of 13 states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. Kuala Lumpur is the national capital and largest city while Putrajaya is the seat of federal government. With a population of over 30 million, Malaysia is the world's 44th most populous country; the southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, is in Malaysia. In the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries, with large numbers of endemic species. Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire, along with the British Straits Settlements protectorate.
Peninsular Malaysia was unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with North Borneo and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia. In 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation; the country is multi-cultural, which plays a large role in its politics. About half the population is ethnically Malay, with large minorities of Malaysian Chinese, Malaysian Indians, indigenous peoples. While recognising Islam as the country's established religion, the constitution grants freedom of religion to non-Muslims; the government system is modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and the legal system is based on common law. The head of state is the king, known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, he is an elected monarch chosen from the hereditary rulers of the nine Malay states every five years. The head of government is the Prime Minister; the country's official language is a standard form of the Malay language.
English remains an active second language. Since independence, Malaysian GDP has grown at an average of 6.5% per annum for 50 years. The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its natural resources, but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism and medical tourism. Today, Malaysia has a newly industrialised market economy, ranked fourth largest in Southeast Asia and 38th largest in the world, it is a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the East Asia Summit and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, a member of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement. The name "Malaysia" is a combination of the word "Malay" and the Latin-Greek suffix "-sia"/-σία; the word "melayu" in Malay may derive from the Tamil words "malai" and "ur" meaning "mountain" and "city, land", respectively. "Malayadvipa" was the word used by ancient Indian traders. Whether or not it originated from these roots, the word "melayu" or "mlayu" may have been used in early Malay/Javanese to mean to accelerate or run.
This term was applied to describe the strong current of the river Melayu in Sumatra. The name was adopted by the Melayu Kingdom that existed in the seventh century on Sumatra. Before the onset of European colonisation, the Malay Peninsula was known natively as "Tanah Melayu". Under a racial classification created by a German scholar Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, the natives of maritime Southeast Asia were grouped into a single category, the Malay race. Following the expedition of French navigator Jules Dumont d'Urville to Oceania in 1826, he proposed the terms of "Malaysia", "Micronesia" and "Melanesia" to the Société de Géographie in 1831, distinguishing these Pacific cultures and island groups from the existing term "Polynesia". Dumont d'Urville described Malaysia as "an area known as the East Indies". In 1850, the English ethnologist George Samuel Windsor Earl, writing in the Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia, proposed naming the islands of Southeast Asia as "Melayunesia" or "Indunesia", favouring the former.
In modern terminology, "Malay" remains the name of an ethnoreligious group of Austronesian people predominantly inhabiting the Malay Peninsula and portions of the adjacent islands of Southeast Asia, including the east coast of Sumatra, the coast of Borneo, smaller islands that lie between these areas. The state that gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1957 took the name the "Federation of Malaya", chosen in preference to other potential names such as "Langkasuka", after the historic kingdom located at the upper section of the Malay Peninsula in the first millennium CE; the name "Malaysia" was adopted in 1963 when the existing states of the Federation of Malaya, plus Singapore, North Borneo and Sarawak formed a new federation. One theory posits the name was chosen so that "si" represented the inclusion of Singapore, North Borneo, Sarawak to Malaya in 1963. Politicians in the Philippines contemplated renaming their state "Malaysia" before the modern country took the name. Evidence of modern human habitation in Malaysia dates back 40,000 years.
In the Malay Peninsula, the first inhabitants are thought to be Negritos. Traders and settlers from India and China arrived as early as the first century AD, establishing trading ports and coastal towns in the second and third centuries, their presence resulted in strong Indian and Chinese influences on the local cultures, the people of the Malay Peninsula adopted the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism. Sanskrit inscriptions appear as early as the fifth century; the Kingdom of
Ministry of Education (Malaysia)
The Ministry of Education, abbreviated MOE, is a ministry of the Government of Malaysia, responsible for education system, compulsory education, pre-tertiary education and vocational education and training, curriculum standard, standardised test, language policy, selective school, comprehensive school. Minister of Education Deputy Minister of Education Second Deputy Minister of Education Secretary-General Under the Authority of Secretary-General Internal Audit Division Corporate Communication Unit Key Performance Indicator Unit Education Performance and Delivery Unit Integrity Unit Legal Advisor Office Deputy Secretary-General Education Development Division Procurement and Asset Management Division Policy and International Relations Division Scholarship Division School Audit Division Deputy Secretary-General Finance Division Human Resource Management Division Account Division Competency Development and Assessment Division Psychology and Counselling Division Information Management Division Management Services Division Director-General of Education Deputy Director-General of Education Educational Planning and Research Division Curriculum Development Division Examination Syndicate Educational Technology Division Textbook Division The National Book Council of Malaysia Deputy Director-General of Education School Management Division Technical and Vocational Education Division Islamic Education Division Special Education Division Fully Residential and Excellence Schools Management Division Sports Division Private Education Division Co-Curricular and Arts Division Deputy Director-General of Education Teacher Training Division Aminuddin Baki Institute Inspectorate of Schools Institute of Teacher Education Under the Authority of Director-General of Education Matriculation Division Johor State Education Department Kedah State Education Department Kelantan State Education Department Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory Education Department Labuan Federal Territory Education Department Malacca State Education Department Negeri Sembilan State Education Department Pahang State Education Department Penang State Education Department Perak State Education Department Perlis State Education Department Putrajaya Federal Territory Education Department Sabah State Education Department Sarawak State Education Department Selangor State Education Department Terengganu State Education Department Institute of Language and Literature, or Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Malaysian Examination Council, or Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia. The Ministry of Education is responsible for administration of several key Acts: Educational Institutions Act 1976 Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Act 1959 Malaysian Examinations Council Act 1980 Education Act 1996 Frequently Asked Questions about MOE Policy Malaysia Education for All, or Pendidikan untuk Semua Malaysia Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025 To Uphold Bahasa Malaysia and To Strengthen English Language, or Dasar Memartabatkan Bahasa Malaysia dan Mengukuhkan Bahasa Inggeris 1 Student 1 Sport, or 1 Murid 1 Sukan National Education Policy, or Dasar Pendidikan Kebangsaan National Education Philosophy, or Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan Education System Chart, or Carta Sistem Pendidikan Education National Key Result Area, or Bidang Keberhasilan Utama Negara Pendidikan Tenth Malaysia Plan, or Rancangan Malaysia Kesepuluh Transformational of Vocational Education, or Transformasi Pendidikan Vokasional School Based Assessment, or Penilaian Berasaskan Sekolah Primary School Standard Curriculum, or Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah In Bahasa Malaysia, it was called Kementerian Pendidikan, was in charge of all the education-related affairs.
In 2004, its name was changed to Kementerian Pelajaran and became in charge of the education from pre-school up to the secondary level. The tertiary education was taken over by a new ministry, Ministry of Higher Education until May 2013 where Prime Minister Najib Razak announced the two ministries will be merged to form a single Ministry of Education. In 2015, the ministry was split again; the position of Minister of Education is considered a stepping stone for future Malaysian prime ministers. All Malaysian prime ministers to date have held this position in their career except the first prime minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman. Minister of Education Education in Malaysia Early Intervention Centres in Malaysia Ministry of Education
Malaysia
