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Gravitational lens
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A gravitational lens is matter, such as a cluster of galaxies or a point particle, that bends light from a distant source as it travels toward an observer. The amount of gravitational lensing is described by Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. If light is treated as corpuscles travelling at the speed of light, Newtonian physics also predicts the bending of light, but only half of that predicted by general relativity.
One of Eddington's photographs of the 1919 solar eclipse experiment, presented in his 1920 paper announcing its success
Bending light around a massive object from a distant source. The orange arrows show the apparent position of the background source. The white arrows s
Bending light around a massive object from a distant source. The orange arrows show the apparent position of the background source. The white arrows show the path of the light from the true position of the source.
In the formation known as Einstein's Cross, four images of the same distant quasar appear around a foreground galaxy due to strong gravitational lensi
In the formation known as Einstein's Cross, four images of the same distant quasar appear around a foreground galaxy due to strong gravitational lensing.
This image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope shows the galaxy cluster MACS J1206.
This image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope shows the galaxy cluster MACS J1206.
Einstein ring
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An Einstein ring, also known as an Einstein–Chwolson ring or Chwolson ring, is created when light from a galaxy or star passes by a massive object en route to the Earth. Due to gravitational lensing, the light is diverted, making it seem to come from different places. If source, lens, and observer are all in perfect alignment (syzygy), the light appears as a ring.
Gravitationally lensed galaxy SDP.81 taken by ALMA.
Gravitationally lensed galaxy SDP.81 taken by ALMA.
"Smiley" or "Cheshire Cat" image of galaxy cluster (SDSS J1038+4849) and gravitational lensing (an "Einstein ring") discovered by an international tea
"Smiley" or "Cheshire Cat" image of galaxy cluster (SDSS J1038+4849) and gravitational lensing (an "Einstein ring") discovered by an international team of scientists, imaged with HST.
JWST false-color image of SPT0418-47, a high-redshift galaxy rich in organic molecules, which appears as a nearly-perfect Einstein ring.
JWST false-color image of SPT0418-47, a high-redshift galaxy rich in organic molecules, which appears as a nearly-perfect Einstein ring.
SDSSJ0946+1006 is a Double Einstein Ring. Credit: HST/NASA/ESA
SDSSJ0946+1006 is a Double Einstein Ring. Credit: HST/NASA/ESA