The great chain of being is a hierarchical structure of all matter and life, thought by the medieval Islamic world and medieval Christianity to have been decreed by God. The chain begins with God and
Eastern Orthodox icon of nine orders of angels
The mediaeval scala naturae as a staircase, implying the possibility of progress: Ramon Llull's Ladder of Ascent and Descent of the Mind, 1305
Charles Bonnet's chain of being from Traité d'insectologie, 1745
The human pedigree recapitulating its phylogeny back to amoeba shown as a reinterpreted chain of being with living and fossil animals. From a critique of Ernst Haeckel's theories, 1873.
A seraph is a celestial or heavenly being originating in Ancient Judaism. The term plays a role in subsequent Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Great chain of being
…Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite set out a more elaborate hierarchy, consisting of three lists, each of three types: Angels of presence, praising God Seraphim – spirits of love Cherubim – spirits of harmony Thrones – record keepers of universal laws Angels of government, spreading light Dominions – spirits…
Bas relief of a seraph carrying a hot coal on the walls of the Jerusalem International YMCA.
Ancient Aramean six-winged deity, from Tell Halaf (10th century BCE)
Seraphim surround the divine throne in this illustration from the Petites Heures de Jean de Berry, a 14th-century illuminated manuscript, commissioned by John, Duke of Berry.
St. Francis' vision of a seraph (fresco attributed to Giotto) (1267–1337)