1.
Green Lantern: Rebirth
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Green Lantern, Rebirth was a six-issue monthly American comic book limited series written by Geoff Johns and illustrated by Ethan Van Sciver. Published by DC Comics between October 2004 and May 2005, the featured characters from throughout the sixty-year history of Green Lantern comics. The storyline follows the rebirth of the Silver Age Green Lantern Hal Jordan as he overcomes fear itself in the form of the cosmic entity Parallax. The series starred various members of the police force known as the Green Lantern Corps, Kyle Rayner, John Stewart. It revived elements of the Green Lantern mythos including the Guardians of the Universe, Kilowog, in addition, the GLC power rings flaw of being unable to directly affect the color yellow is significantly weakened, allowing experienced Corps members to overcome it if they can conquer their fear. Jordan went on a rampage on the planet Oa, the citadel of the Guardians of the Universe. He killed some fellow Green Lanterns who opposed him and all the Guardians save for one, Jordan then attempted to destroy all of existence so that he could recreate it to his liking in the 1994 miniseries and crossover storyline, Zero Hour. Emerald Twilight, as scripted by Ron Marz, provoked outrage amongst many Green Lantern fans. These attempts, however, failed to placate the fans, first, the Green Lantern monthly series was canceled with issue #181, and Geoff Johns was assigned to write Green Lantern, Rebirth, which would pave the way for Jordans return as a Green Lantern. As research for the story, Johns spent time with the test pilot department at Edwards Air Force Base and cleared his facts with a major. The Green Lantern of Earth, Kyle Rayner, crashes at Highway Hill on Earth in a spacecraft and his power ring begins speaking, Parallax is coming… A series of strange and disturbing incidents then begins to occur. Jordan, pronouncing judgment on the villain Black Hand, becomes unable to focus clearly, the shape-shifting Vuldarian physiology of former GL Guy Gardner begins going haywire. Coast City, long destroyed, suddenly reappears to two pilots flying over it, though the building that is restored is Hal Jordans old home. When confronted, Jordan tells the Justice League that he is not responsible for the restored Coast City, Stewart, however, suddenly goes berserk, attacking the other heroes, his ring now intoning, Parallax is coming. Back at Highway Hill, the extraterrestrial Green Lantern Kilowog appears, however, Ganthet, one of the Guardians of the Universe, appears to stop Kilowog, attempting to protect the coffin, which it is revealed holds the corpse of Hal Jordan. He and Kilowog engage in a battle, and Rayner himself feels something within his ring attempting to take over his will, much as with Stewart. Ganthet teleports Rayner and Jordans corpse to the Watchtower and it is then that the Spectre explains to Jordan the truth about Parallax, while simultaneously on the Moon, Rayner does so to Queen. It was this creature that the Guardians of the Universe imprisoned within the Central Power Battery on Oa, using fears opposite energy, the Guardians, therefore, selected only such persons to become Green Lanterns
2.
Guy Gardner (comics)
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He usually appears in books featuring the Green Lantern Corps, an intergalactic police force in which Gardner has usually been depicted as a member. This latter remains the characters archetype to this date, Guy was raised in Baltimore by his parents, Roland and Peggy Gardner. His father, Roland was an alcoholic who beat Guy every day. Some of Guys injuries were such as bruises, cuts and bumps. Guy worked hard in school to try to win his fathers approval, Guys only escape at this time was General Glory comic books, going so far as to model his bowl haircut on Glorys sidekick, Ernie. During his mid-teens, Guy became a juvenile delinquent, after college, Guy worked as a social welfare caseworker, dealing with prison inmates and their rehabilitation. He abandoned this line of work, however, fearing it brought out his aggressive nature, moving on, he became a teacher for children with disabilities. This job brought out the loving and caring side of himself, in DCs rebooted continuity, The New 52, Guy is now an ex-police officer and middle child of a family with a long tradition of membership in the Baltimore Police Department going back to 1860. He is the human to earn a Green Lantern ring after coming to the rescue of his older brother Gerard who had become pinned down during a police shootout with a street gang. The appointed Green Lantern of Space Sector 2814, an alien named Abin Sur from the planet Ungara, as Sur died, his power ring sought and found two potential successors, Guy Gardner and Hal Jordan. Jordan was nearer to the crash, so he was chosen over Gardner, in the same story, the Guardian supercomputers predicted Guy would have perished early in his career if he had been chosen first. In the later Booster Gold series it was shown that a time traveling Booster convinced Gardner to visit his dying father, Gardner was relegated to backup status should anything happen to Jordan. When Jordan became aware of Gardners status as his backup, he went out of his way to set up a meeting. Though Gardner was originally naive to Jordans secret identity, he eventually assisted Jordan during his adventures and he is later partnered with Jordan after completing his training under Kilowog. During an earthquake, Gardner was hit by a bus while attempting to one of his students. During his recovery, the Guardians recruited John Stewart to be Jordans new backup, Jordan and Kari Limbo, Gardners girlfriend at the time, both believed him to be dead, and the two developed a romantic relationship, and ultimately culminated in a marriage proposal. Gardner was able to interrupt the wedding by contacting Limbo telepathically, when Gardner was released from the Phantom Zone, he was diagnosed with brain damage and was comatose for a number of years. During the Crisis on Infinite Earths, the Guardians of the Universe split into two factions over how to confront the Crisis
3.
Kyle Rayner
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In 2013, Kyle Rayner placed 14th on IGNs Top 25 Heroes of DC Comics. Created by writer Ron Marz and artist Darryl Banks, Rayner first appeared in Green Lantern vol. 3, #48, as part of the Emerald Twilight storyline, in which DC Comics replaced Green Lantern Hal Jordan with Rayner and he was DCs star Green Lantern into the mid-2000s. During this period he was briefly known as Ion. Following Jordan’s return to Green Lantern status in the 2004–2005 limited series Green Lantern, Rebirth, after the events of the Sinestro Corps War, Rayner returned to his original role as a Green Lantern officer, along with a promotion to Honor Guard Illustres of the Corps. Later on, he becomes a White Lantern following the mastery of all seven lantern rings, before he acquired a Green Lantern power ring, Kyle Rayner was a struggling-but-gifted freelance graphic artist who was raised in North Hollywood and lived and worked in Los Angeles. Kyle was raised by his mother as a child, his father abandoned his mother when she was pregnant. It was later revealed that his father was a Mexican-American CIA agent named Gabriel Vasquez, Kyle and his mother lived a very modest lifestyle until he reached adulthood. Ganthet gave Kyle the last working Green Lantern power ring that would allow him to any form of matter or energy through sheer force of will. Ganthet later revealed that humans make great Green Lanterns, the New Guardians retelling goes so far as to replace the scowling You will have to do with a smiling It would seem I chose well. At first Kyle took possession of the very lightly. The guilt over this event drove Rayner to take his role more seriously, Rayner then moved to New York City since Los Angeles reminded him of Alex and he needed a fresh start. Rayner grew up enamored with Superman and Batman, though he had only a knowledge of Earths various Green Lanterns. This soon changed, and he found that the Green Lantern ring was the expression of his fertile imagination. While other members of the Green Lantern Corps questioned the practicality of those constructs, after relocating to New York City, Rayner joined the superhero group the Titans for a brief time, during which he dated Donna Troy, but eventually became a member of the Justice League. He initially clashed with the Flash early in his career, west had worked with Jordan since childhood and had reservations about Kyle as the new Green Lantern, but he eventually became one of Rayners best friends and biggest supporters. Rayner also entered a relationship with Jade and formed friendships with the Golden Age Green Lantern, Green Arrow, Arsenal, Warrior. During his superhero career Rayner accumulated a rogues gallery that included characters from his predecessors such as Dr. Polaris
4.
Hal Jordan
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Hal Jordan, known as Green Lantern, is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created in 1959 by writer John Broome and artist Gil Kane, Hal Jordan is a reinvention of a previous character called Green Lantern that had appeared in 1940s comic books as the character Alan Scott. Hal Jordan is a member and occasionally leader of the police force called the Green Lantern Corps. He fights evil across the Universe with a ring that grants him a variety of superpowers, Hal Jordan ranked 7th on IGNs in the Top 100 Comic Book Heroes in 2011. In 2013, Hal Jordan placed 4th on IGNs Top 25 Heroes of DC Comics, after achieving great success in 1956 in reviving the Golden Age character The Flash, DC editor Julius Schwartz looked toward recreating the Green Lantern from the Golden Age of Comic Books. Like The Flash, Schwartz wanted this new character to have a different secret identity, origin, a long time science-fiction fan and literary agent, Schwartz wanted a more sci-fi based Green Lantern, as opposed to the mystical powers of Alan Scott, the original 1940s Green Lantern. He enlisted writer John Broome and artist Gil Kane, who in 1959 would reintroduce Green Lantern to the world in Showcase #22 by creating Hal Jordan, the character was a success, and it was quickly decided to follow up his three-issue run on Showcase with a self-titled series. Green Lantern #1 began in July–August 1960 and would continue until #84 in April–May 1972 and this creative team was responsible for introducing many of the major characters in Hal Jordans life. First was Carol Ferris, Jordans love interest and she was in charge of Ferris Aircraft, and as such, Hals boss. While she preferred Green Lantern to Hal Jordan, she took a role in trying to win him over. Although she gave Jordan some attention, her job and company always came first, second was Jordans best friend, Tom Kalmaku, who was both Hals mechanic and the chronicler of his super-hero adventures, after succeeding in working out his identity. An Inuit from Alaska, Toms nickname was Pie or Pieface, unlike Chop-Chop, Tom was a competent and intelligent character with a well-rounded personality, not a stereotypical buffoon. Despite the unfortunate nickname, Tom Kalmaku was among the first minority characters to be portrayed in this manner, Schwartz and company also allowed Jordan to have a family, which was another rare thing at this time in superhero comics. While he did not have a wife or children of his own, a reporter, Sue Williams, suspected Jim of being Green Lantern due to his appearance and his reputation of being scatterbrained. Starting in issue #17, Gardner Fox joined the book to share writing duties with John Broome, the quartet of Schwartz, Broome, Fox, and Kane remained the core creative team until 1970. Starting with issue #76, Dennis ONeil took over scripting and Neal Adams, ONeil and Adams had already begun preparation for the classic run in the form of their re-workings of another DC superhero, the archer Green Arrow. The first of these socially motivated Green Lantern/Green Arrow stories was written with Gil Kane slated to be the artist, in Snowbirds Dont Fly issues #85 and #86, it is revealed that Green Arrows ward, Speedy, is addicted to heroin. Speedy overcomes his addiction with the help of the Black Canary and this story prompted a massive public reaction, including a congratulatory letter from the mayor of New York, John Lindsay
5.
John Stewart (comics)
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John Stewart, known as Green Lantern, is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics and was the first African-American superhero to appear in DC Comics. The character was created by Dennis ONeil and Neal Adams, John Stewart debuted in Green Lantern vol.2 #87 when artist Neal Adams came up with the idea of a substitute Green Lantern. The character was DCs first black superhero, John Stewart has become a major recurring character in the Green Lantern mythos within the DC Universe. He became the character of Green Lantern vol.2 from issues #182 through #200. He continued to star in the book when the changed to The Green Lantern Corps from issue #201 to #224. He would continue to make key appearances in Action Comics Weekly after The Green Lantern Corps cancellation and he starred in the comic Green Lantern, Mosaic, which DC spun out of Green Lantern vol. 3, with a storyline titled Mosaic. DC published 18 issues of the ongoing Green Lantern, Mosaic title between June 1992 and November 1993, John Stewart was featured as one of the lead characters on the television cartoon Justice League from 2001 until 2004. He continued to appear as a character on the shows 2004–2006 sequel. In 2011, John Stewart starred in the New 52 relaunch of Green Lantern Corps alongside Guy Gardner, Green Lantern Corps was replaced by Green Lantern, The Lost Army, which also stars John Stewart as the lead. Jordans opinion was that Stewart’s first mission began badly and his assignment was to protect a racist politician, and Stewart, while averting an accident, took advantage of the situation to embarrass Jordan in the process. When an assassin shoots at the politician, Stewart does not intervene with Jordan in response to the attack, when Jordan confronts Stewart about his actions, Stewart explains that the politician had staged the attack for political advantage. Jordan then concludes that Stewart was an excellent recruit and has proven his worth, for some time, Stewart occasionally filled in as Green Lantern when Jordan was unavailable, including some missions of the Justice League. After Jordan gave up being Green Lantern in the 1980s, the Guardians selected Stewart for full-time duty, Stewart filled that role for some years. During that period he worked as an architect at Ferris Aircraft Company, battled many Green Lantern villains, John was trained in usage of his power ring by Katma Tui, the Green Lantern of the planet Korugar. The duo went on adventures together and eventually fell in love. Kat and John went on to serve within the Green Lantern Corps of Earth alongside Hal Jordan, Arisia, Kilowog, Salaak, and other alien Green Lanterns, during which time they were married. After John’s ring was rendered powerless through the schemes of Sinestro, First, he was falsely accused of killing Carol Ferris, Star Sapphire’s alter ego, and then falsely accused of theft by South Nambia
6.
Kilowog
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Kilowog is a fictional superhero from DC Comics, and a member of the Green Lantern Corps. Kilowog first appears in Green Lantern Corps #1 and was created by Steve Englehart, a towering alien with a brutish cross of porcine and bull-doggish appearance, Kilowog is renowned throughout the Green Lantern Corps as the primary trainer of the Corps newest recruits. The Guardians of the Universe recruited Kilowog, a genetic scientist, from the planet Bolovax Vik. Kilowog was trained by Lantern Ermey, who would use the word poozer. In the middle of an arduous training session, Ermey had Kilowog and his fellow rookies help stop an attack on a group of Lanterns. Ermey, fatally wounded in battle, commended Kilowog on his abilities, in this capacity, Kilowog acted as the first trainer to a young Hal Jordan, the ring-recruited successor to the slain Abin Sur of Ungara, the Green Lantern of Space Sector 2814. Kilowog and his new recruit helped the Guardians confront Abin Surs murderer, during the Crisis on Infinite Earths, Bolovax Vik was destroyed. This was a blow to the giant Green Lantern, as his race lived a highly communal lifestyle. The Crisis saw the immortal Guardians ethically divided and their ranks depleted for the first time in millions of years, the Corps as well suffered hundreds of casualties. The Guardians then decided to end their direct leadership of the Corps, and left for another dimension with their former mates and they ultimately became the Green Lantern Corps of Earth. While his appearance at first frightened most humans, Kilowog briefly became a celebrity following his defeat of the villain Black Hand on live television in a battle over Anaheim Stadium. During his time in the USSR, Kilowog was instrumental in the creation of the Soviet Unions first super-powered force, Kilowog ultimately became disenchanted with the U. S. S. R. and the flawed communist nations of Earth. While adventuring with the Green Lantern Corps of Earth, Kilowog found a world in Space Sector 872 which would make a suitable Bolovax Vik II, moved to action, he tapped into his ring and reconstituted the entire population of his world, some 16 billion beings. No sooner had he done this, though, than the world was obliterated by the renegade Green Lantern Sinestro, the trauma of this drove Kilowog temporarily insane, but he was helped back to his senses by fellow Green Lantern Arisia, to whom he confessed his love. He was also supported by other Green Lanterns, who made an effort to be near him, around this time, Kilowog is allowed to be one of the honor guard at Supermans funeral. When the Corps began to again, Kilowog returned to Oa to train the new generation of Green Lanterns. During the Emerald Twilight arc, numerous Green Lanterns were sent to stop the supposedly insane Hal Jordan, the very last Green Lantern to oppose Jordan was Kilowog himself, on Oa. He attempted to prevent his old pupil from entering and absorbing the power of the Great Battery itself, Kilowog was disintegrated with a blast by Jordans ring, leaving nothing but a seared skull and ashes, and a shaken but undeterred Jordan stole the energies of the Great Battery
7.
Ethan Van Sciver
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Ethan Daniel Van Sciver is an American comic book artist, best known for illustrating a number of titles including Green Lantern, Superman/Batman, New X-Men, and The Flash, Rebirth. He is the brother of alternative cartoonist Noah Van Sciver. Van Sciver was born in Utah and grew up in southern New Jersey, Van Sciver was involved in art in various forms before his comics work, speaking in 2005, he said, All through high school I did all kinds of strange art jobs for money. I painted murals of Native Americans, I took a much envied job at the Cherry Hill Mall as a caricaturist. I had to wear a tuxedo, but I was Goth, so I also wore eye-makeup, because of that job, I did private parties where Id basically show up at your Bar Mitzvah like a clown and draw all of your friends. Van Sciver entered the industry at age 19 with what he called a horrible little character called Cyberfrog, written and drawn by him and published by Hall of Heroes and, later. He has contributed to a number of series for Marvel Comics and, primarily, titles include his own Cyberfrog and such titles as New X-Men, The Flash, Rebirth, Green Lantern, and Superman/Batman. Van Scivers first major work for DC Comics was on the series Impulse, Van Sciver recalled that Paul Kupperberg offered him a fill-in role on the series, with the chance to try to save the title. Many of Van Scivers most notable works have produced in collaboration with writer Geoff Johns. Van Sciver feels he may have had a bad influence on the writer, working with him early on the superhero-horror one-shot The Flash, Iron Heights. The artist described his approach on the issue as taking well-known, maybe well-worn superhero concepts, make them scary, for Marvel Comics, Van Sciver produced several issues of Grant Morrisons New X-Men, starting as a two-issues-per-year fill-in artist for regular series artist Frank Quitely. Van Sciver is fond of inserting hidden elements in some of his work, in issue #133, Von Sciver helped create the character Dust, which Strömberg praised in a comics encyclopedia as a respectful, though somewhat Americanized, portrayal of a Muslim in comics. In 2007, Johns, Van Sciver, Dave Gibbons and Ivan Reis produced the eleven-issue Sinestro Corps War across the two Green Lantern monthly titles, the part of a trilogy of Green Lantern tales. This story launched the Sinestro Corps, the antithesis of the Green Lantern Corps, led by rogue Green Lantern Sinestro and his Qwardian yellow power ring. The series set the stage for an overhaul of the Lantern Corps, and introduced the emotional spectrum of power. In 2008, Van Sciver was the guest artist on an issue of Justice League of America vol, Van Scivers 2009 work includes the six-issue mini-series The Flash, Rebirth, and variant covers for the Green Lantern and DC Comics company crossover storyline Blackest Night. As part of the DC Rebirth relaunch of DCs titles in 2016, Van Sciver will draw the Hal Jordan, in 2006, he penciled the cover art for Wingers fourth studio album. The cover art was sold as a poster called Guardian of Freedom, in November 2012 Van Sciver became a host of the Fanboy Buzz comic book podcast, starting with episode #142
8.
DC Comics
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DC Comics, Inc. is an American comic book publisher. It is the unit of DC Entertainment, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc. a division of Time Warner, the company has also published non-DC Universe-related material, including Watchmen, V for Vendetta and many titles under their alternative imprint Vertigo. The initials DC came from the popular series Detective Comics. Random House distributes DC Comics books to the market, while Diamond Comic Distributors supplies the comics shop specialty market. DC Comics and its major, longtime competitor Marvel Comics together shared 70% of the American comic book market in 2016, entrepreneur Major Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson founded National Allied Publications in autumn 1934. The company debuted with the tabloid-sized New Fun, The Big Comic Magazine #1 with a date of February 1935. That title evolved into Adventure Comics, which continued through issue #503 in 1983, in 2009 DC revived Adventure Comics with its original numbering. In 1935, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, the creators of Superman, created Doctor Occult. Wheeler-Nicholsons third and final title, Detective Comics, advertised with a cover illustration dated December 1936, the themed anthology series would become a sensation with the introduction of Batman in issue #27. By then, however, Wheeler-Nicholson had gone, Detective Comics, Inc. was formed, with Wheeler-Nicholson and Jack S. Liebowitz, Donenfelds accountant, listed as owners. Major Wheeler-Nicholson remained for a year, but cash-flow problems continued, shortly afterward, Detective Comics, Inc. purchased the remains of National Allied, also known as Nicholson Publishing, at a bankruptcy auction. Detective Comics, Inc. soon launched a fourth title, Action Comics, Action Comics #1, the first comic book to feature the new character archetype—soon known as superheroes—proved a sales hit. The company quickly introduced such popular characters as the Sandman and Batman. That year, Gaines let Liebowitz buy him out, and kept only Picture Stories from the Bible as the foundation of his own new company, at that point, Liebowitz promptly orchestrated the merger of All-American and Detective Comics into National Comics. Next he took charge of organizing National Comics, Independent News, National Periodical Publications became publicly traded on the stock market in 1961. The company began to move aggressively against what it saw as copyright-violating imitations from other companies, such as Fox Comics Wonder Man and this extended to DC suing Fawcett Comics over Captain Marvel, at the time comics top-selling character. Despite the fact that parallels between Captain Marvel and Superman seemed more tenuous, the courts ruled that substantial and deliberate copying of copyrighted material had occurred, faced with declining sales and the prospect of bankruptcy if it lost, Fawcett capitulated in 1955 and ceased comics publication
9.
All-American Comics
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All-American Comics was the flagship title of comic book publisher All-American Publications, one of the forerunners of DC Comics. It ran for 102 issues from 1939 to 1948, characters created for the title, including Green Lantern, the Atom, the Red Tornado, Doctor Mid-Nite, and Sargon the Sorcerer, later became mainstays of the DC comics line. All-American Comics published 102 issues from April 1939 to October 1948, the series was an anthology which included a mixture of new material and reprints of newspaper strips. Editor Sheldon Mayers Scribbly was introduced in the first issue as was Hop Harrigan, the Golden Age Green Lantern was introduced by writer Bill Finger and artist Martin Nodell in issue #16. The Golden Age Atom debuted in #19 and Mayer created the original Red Tornado in #20, Doctor Mid-Nite first appeared in #25. Alfred Bester and Paul Reinman created the super villain Solomon Grundy in #61. Other features included Toonerville Folks, Mutt and Jeff, and Ripleys Believe It or Not, All-American Publications and all its titles were purchased by National Periodicals in 1946. Responding to the demand for Western comics, All-American Comics changed title, the retitled series had Johnny Thunder as the lead feature. It changed title and format again to All-American Men of War as of #127, a 1999 one-shot issue was a part of the storyline Justice Society Returns. All-American Comics at the Comic Book DB All-American Comics at Mikes Amazing World of Comics
10.
Martin Nodell
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Martin Nodell was an American cartoonist and commercial artist, best known as the creator of the Golden Age superhero Green Lantern. Some of his work appeared under the pen name Mart Dellon, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Nodell was the son of Jewish immigrants. He attended the Art Institute of Chicago and he moved to New York City in the 1930s, where he attended Pratt Institute. Nodell began his career in 1938, working first as a freelancer. In 1940 he provided some work for Sheldon Mayer, an editor at All-American Publications, interested in gaining more steady employment, Nodell created designs for a new character that would become the Golden Age Green Lantern. The inspiration came in January 1940 at the 34th Street subway station in Manhattan, Nodell noticed a trainman waving a lantern along the darkened tracks. He coupled the imagery with elements from Richard Wagners operatic Ring cycle as well as Chinese folklore, as Nodell himself described in 2000, I picked out the name from the train man on the tracks who was waving a lantern, going from red to green. Green meant go and I decided that was it, then I needed a colorful and interesting costume. I was interested in Greek mythology and so the costume took on elements of that and it just all fell into place. When I sent it in, I waited into the week before I heard the word to come in. I was ushered into Mr. Gaines office, publisher, and after sitting a long time and flipping through the pages of my presentation, he announced, I did the first five pages of an eight page story, and then they called in Bill Finger to help. We worked on it for seven years, the first adventure, drawn by Nodell and written by Bill Finger, appeared in All-American Comics #16. Nodell continued to use the pseudonym through at least All Star Comics #2 and he said in 2000 he had used the pen name since, Comics were a forbidden literature, culturally unacceptable. It wasnt something you were proud of, Nodell penciled and virtually always self-inked Green Lantern stories in All-American and All Star until the character got his own title, the premiere issue cover-dated July 1941. He would continue with it through to #25, very rarely drawing the covers, before being succeeded by a variety of artists including Howard Purcell, Irwin Hasen, and Alex Toth. Nodell left All-American in 1947 and joined Timely Comics, the 1930s-40s forerunner of Marvel Comics), where he drew stories of Captain America, the Human Torch. In 1950, Nodell left comics to work in advertising and later joined the Leo Burnett Agency in Chicago as an art director, in 1965, his design team there developed the long-running flour-company mascot the Pillsbury Doughboy. In the 1980s, Nodell submitted new work to DC, which led to his being rediscovered by comic fans
11.
Gil Kane
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Gil Kane was a Latvian-born American comic book artist whose career spanned the 1940s to the 1990s and every major comics company and character. Kane co-created the modern-day versions of the superheroes Green Lantern and the Atom for DC Comics, Kane additionally pioneered an early graphic novel prototype, His Name is. Savage, in 1968, and a seminal graphic novel, Blackmark, in 1971. In 1997, he was inducted into both the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame and the Harvey Award Jack Kirby Hall of Fame. Gil Kane was born Eli Katz on April 6,1926, in Latvia to a Jewish family that immigrated to the U. S. in 1929, settling in Brooklyn and his father was a struggling poultry merchant. Kane attended high school at Manhattans School of Industrial Art, and he recalled in a 1996 interview, rom the time I was 15, I was going up to the comics offices. My first job came the year at 16. During my summer vacation, I went up and got a job working at MLJ in 1942, I was in my last year in high school. I was 16 and Id already started my last year but Id already gotten my job the summer before at MLJ, I quit school in the last grade. Until being fired after three weeks, Kane worked in production, putting borders on pages. The letterers would only put in the lettering, not the balloons, so I would put in the borders, balloons, within a couple of days of being let go, I got a job with Jack Binders agency. Jack Binder had a loft on Fifth Avenue and it just looked like an internment camp, there must have been 50 or 60 guys up there, all at drawing tables. You had to account for the paper that you took, Kane began penciling professionally there, but, They werent terribly happy with what I was doing. He would also do spot illustrations for other studios and his earliest known credit is inking Carl Hubbell on the six-page Scarlet Avenger superhero story The Counterfeit Money Code in MLJs Zip Comics #14, on which he signed the name Gil Kane. Other early credits include some issues of the companys Pep Comics, sometimes under pseudonyms including Stack Til and Stacktil, and, in conjunction with artist Pen Shumaker, Pen Star. He even used his name on rare occasions, including on at least one story each in the Temerson / Helnit / Continental publishing groups Terrific Comics. That same year Kane either was drafted or enlisted in the Army, after 19 months in the service, he returned to in December 1945. All-American Publications editor Sheldon Mayer hired him in 1947, for a stint that lasted six months and he contributed again to the Sandman feature in Adventure Comics and, as penciler Gil Stack and inker Phil Martel, to the Wildcat feature in Sensation Comics. Around this time, he said, he worked with director Garson Kanin when he was involved in TV, in 1949, Kane began a longtime professional relationship with Julius Schwartz, an editor at National Comics, the future DC Comics
12.
Alan Scott
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Alan Ladd Wellington Scott is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, and the first superhero to bear the name Green Lantern. He was created by Bill Finger and Martin Nodell first appearing in the comic book All-American Comics #16, Alan Scott fights evil with the aid of a magic ring that grants him a variety of supernatural powers. The original Green Lantern was created by an American artist named Martin Nodell, Nodell mentions Richard Wagners opera cycle The Ring of the Nibelung and the sight of a trainmans green railway lantern as his inspiration. After seeing this opera, Nodell sought to create a superhero who wielded a variety of powers from a magic ring. Nodell wanted a colorful and interesting costume for his character, deriving from elements of Greek mythology, as Nodell recalled in an undated, latter-day interview, When I sent it in, I waited into the second week before I heard the word to come in. I was ushered into Mr. Gaines office, publisher, and after sitting a long time and flipping through the pages of my presentation, he announced, I did the first five pages of an eight-page story, and then they called in Bill Finger to help. We worked on it for seven years, Nodell chose the name Alan Scott by flipping through New York telephone books until he got two names he liked. The character of Alan Scott made his debut in All-American Comics #16 and he also appeared as part of the superhero team Justice Society of America in All Star Comics #3. He served as the second chairman in #7, but departed following that issue and returned a few years later. His villains tended to be humans, but he did have a few paranormal ones, such as the immortal Vandal Savage. Green Lantern proved popular and was given his own series, Green Lantern, most of his adventures were set in New York. In 1941, Alan Scott was paired with a sidekick named Doiby Dickles, a rotund Brooklyn taxi driver, in 1948, Alan also got a canine sidekick named Streak. The dog proved so popular that he starred in his own solo side-stories, after World War 2, superheroes declined in popularity. Green Lantern was cancelled in 1949 after 38 issues and All-American Comics dropped superheroes in favor of westerns, Alan Scotts final Golden Age appearance was in All-Star Comics #57. He remained out of publication for 12 years, and even after his revival he never got another solo series, in 1959, DC Comics editor Julius Schwartz reinvented Green Lantern as a science fiction hero. The new Green Lantern, named Hal Jordan, was empowered by alien masters to serve as a lawman and had many adventures set in outer space. His powers were similar to Alans but he was otherwise completely unrelated—Alan Scott never existed as far as the new stories were concerned, Hal Jordan proved popular, but readers still had an interest in the old Green Lantern. Some years later, Alan Scott reappeared as a guest star in The Flash #137, to avoid continuity conflicts with the Hal Jordan character, Alan Scott and all his old stories were written as being from a parallel universe
13.
Jade (comics)
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Jade is a fictional superhero in the DC Comics Universe. She first appeared in All-Star Squadron #25 in September 1983, Jade is the daughter of the Green Lantern, alias Alan Scott, and Thorn, alias Rose Canton. Jades twin brother is Obsidian, alias Todd James Rice, Jade is a founding member of Infinity, Inc. She has worked with the Justice League and the Justice Society of America and she is also a member and leader of the Outsiders. After being given a ring, she joined the Green Lantern Corps. The Green Lantern Corps had been resurrected and Jade was the first female Green Lantern from Earth, Jades romantic interests are Henry Hank King, Jr. and Kyle Rayner. She was ranked 34th in Comics Buyers Guides 100 Sexiest Women in Comics list, Rose, Jades mother, was married, briefly, to Alan Scott. When she had children by Scott, she gave them up for adoption because she feared she would harm them, Jade and her twin were separated. Jade was adopted by a living in the suburbs of Milwaukee. Jade learned of her brother, Todd, when she was in her late teens. Shortly after she met Todd, the two tried to join the Justice Society. They were rejected, but joined with other children and protégés of JSA members to form Infinity inc, due to their fathers exposure to magical energies, Jade and her brother were born with metahuman powers. Jades powers first manifested when she was a child when she defended herself against sexual assault, Jades powers resembled her fathers in that she was able to generate green energy and shape it into constructs. Jade also inherited her mothers power of plant manipulation, Jade made a career in modeling in California then left to pursue photography in New York City. There, her mate was Kyle Rayner. Jade and Kyle became romantically involved, when Jade lost her powers in a battle with Starheart, Kyle gave her a spare power ring and battery, thus making her a member of the Green Lantern Corps. Kyle later restores her powers during his first, short tenure as the god-like Ion, Jades power ring eventually passed to John Stewart. After Kyles friend, Terry Berg, was attacked, Jade, after completing a number of missions, Jade returned to Earth
14.
Sinestro
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Thaal Sinestro is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Sinestro is a former Green Lantern Corps member who was discharged for abusing his power. He is the archenemy of Green Lantern and founder of the Sinestro Corps, the character was created by John Broome and Gil Kane, and first appeared in Green Lantern #7. In 2009, IGN ranked Sinestro as the 15th Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time, Sinestro was born on the planet Korugar in space sector 1417. His dedication to preserving order originally manifested in his previous career, one day while he was on one such site, a Green Lantern named Prohl Gosgotha crash-landed into the site, injured and apparently dying. Afterwards, Gosgotha turned out to still be alive and asked for his back to keep him alive long enough to get help. Sinestro, knowing this would not being a Green Lantern himself, instead let him die. The Guardians were unaware of his actions, in Green Lantern #45, his wife is shown for the first time in a flashback, and revealed to be the sister of Abin Sur. When Hal Jordan joined the Green Lantern Corps, Sinestro was assigned to be his instructor, Jordan was horrified at his new mentors totalitarian methods, though Sinestro maintained that his iron-fisted rule was necessary to protect his people from alien forces. During his training, Jordan helped Sinestro repel an invasion of Korugar by the alien warlords known as the Khunds. When Jordan called for help from the other Green Lanterns, Sinestros dictatorship was exposed, by exiling Sinestro to a world ruled by evil beings who specifically hated him as a Green Lantern, the Guardians hoped to humble him. However, their attempt at punishment would be a major miscalculation, Sinestro believed himself to have been wronged by his former masters and now hated them just as much as the Weaponers did. Through their mutual hatred of the Guardians, Sinestro and the Weaponers became allies, with the Weaponers offering to help Sinestro gain revenge on the Guardians and the Corps. Creating a yellow ring for Sinestro to use, the Weaponers sent him back to the positive matter universe to seek his revenge. Sinestro quickly became the Green Lantern Corps most powerful nemesis, partially due to a weakness in their power rings that prevented them from affecting the color yellow. Despite this, skilled Green Lanterns like Jordan, Sinestros most hated enemy, pre-Crisis Sinestro first met Hal when he had already made an alliance with Qward. Hal had already beaten the Weaponers three times, however Hal used his ring to speed up a clock, making Sinestro think his ring had run out of power. However he escaped using a ring that could drain the Green Lanterns ring-power, however Green Lantern escaped and defeated Sinestro on Oa, who was placed in a green energy container which would orbit the Universe by the power of many Green Lanterns
15.
Simon Baz
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Simon Baz is a fictional comic book superhero appearing in books published by DC Comics, usually in those starring the Green Lantern Corps, an extraterrestrial police force of which Simon is a member. Prior to this, the made a unnamed cameo in The New 52 Free Comic Book Day Special Edition #1. At the time, Baz debuted to a critical reaction. DC later added Baz to its flagship team-up title Justice League of America in 2013, Simon Baz was created by Green Lantern writer Geoff Johns and artist Doug Mahnke. He is the first Middle Eastern-American and Muslim member of the Green Lantern Corps, Simons heritage and home town are both influenced by Geoff Johns, who is half-Lebanese, and a native of Detroit, Michigan. Simon Baz was a Lebanese-American child living in Dearborn, Michigan during the events of the September 11 attacks in 2001, growing up, Simon and his sister Sira were both persecuted due to their ethnicity. As a young adult, Simon got involved in racing, and eventually car theft. Simon is fired from his job and, in a moment of desperation, while trying to evade the police in the stolen vehicle, Simon finds out that there is a bomb in it. Simon drives the van into the car factory he was laid off from. The resulting explosion is seen as an act of terrorism by the authorities, as Simon is being interrogated, Hal Jordan and Sinestros fused and malfunctioning Green Lantern Power Ring finds Simon, and selects him as the new wielder, flying him away from captivity. With their suspect gone, the federal agents interrogating Simon contact Amanda Waller about the situation, Cyborg relays the transmission to Batman and asks if anyone has spoken to Hal Jordan since he quit the League. Meanwhile, Simon lays on the ground, knocked out, while elsewhere, after waking up, Simon turns over a new leaf and helps stop the Third Army. However, he runs into the Justice League, being wrongfully accused of taking Hal hostage. The Justice League track down Simon, but he is not willing to fight them until Batman tries to remove Sinestros ring from Simons finger, in doing so, the ring goes into defense mode and attacks the League. In a panic, Baz retreats and meets with his sister, Sira is able to track down the original owner of the van leaving Simon to try and clear his name. After finding who was involved of the plot, the Third Army attacks the house and kills the terrorist. Green Lantern Bdg arrives looking for Hal Jordan and it is also revealed that Sinestro is responsible for Simons selection as a Green Lantern as he chose someone who was very much like himself. He also wanted his recruit to be the one to destroy the Guardians of the Universe
16.
Green Lantern Corps
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The Green Lantern Corps is the name of a fictional intergalactic military/police force appearing in comics published by DC Comics. They patrol the farthest reaches of the DC Universe at the behest of the Guardians, according to DC continuity, the Green Lantern Corps has been in existence for three billion years, surviving multiple conflicts both internal and foreign. Currently operating divided as pairs amongst the 3600 “sectors” of the universe, there are 7202 members, each Green Lantern is given a power ring, a weapon granting the use of incredible abilities that are directed by the wearers own willpower. In 1959, during a revival of the popularity of comics in America. Schwartzs new conception of Green Lantern had a different name, costume, and origin story, the group is first mentioned in Showcase #22 when a dying Green Lantern passes on his ring to Hal Jordan. Over the years, writers have introduced a large cast of Green Lanterns in both supporting and starring roles, the Guardians of the Universe are one of several races that originated on the planet Maltus and were among the first intelligent life forms in the universe. At this time they were short greyish blue humanoids with black hair and they became scientists and thinkers, experimenting on the worlds around them. In a pivotal moment billions of years ago, a Maltusian named Krona used time-bending technology to observe the beginning of the universe, however, this experiment unleashed disaster upon all existence. Originally, the experiment splintered the universe into the multiverse and created the evil anti-matter universe, following the retroactive destruction of the Multiverse, it was revealed that Krona flooded the beginning of the universe with entropy causing it to be born old. The male Maltusians argued about how to deal with the situation, One group decided to dedicate their eternal existences to contain evil, this group fractured into the Guardians of the Universe and the Controllers. The females, however, saw no need to involve themselves and, since the Oans were by then immortal and had no more need to reproduce, left their mates and became known as the Zamarons. Relocating to the planet Oa at the center of the universe, during this period they slowly evolved into their current appearance. A Green Lanterns only weakness is the energy of fear. In their first attempt to enforce their will and guard against all menaces, at first serving faithfully to enforce order, in time the Manhunters came to resent their servitude and the moral restrictions the Guardians decreed of them. They were also found to be inherently flawed due to their inability to recognize or feel emotions and they rebelled against the Guardians and fought a millennia-long war that culminated with an attack on the planet Oa. The Guardians overcame their android servants, stripped them of their power, eventually, the surviving Manhunters formed their own robotic society and pursued their own interpretation of their original mission. In the Martian Manhunter series, the Guardians first get the idea for a police force from the Martians own Manhunters. They offer the Martian race the opportunity to be that force, the Martians turn it down, but the Guardians take the name for the androids
17.
Superhero
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A female superhero is sometimes called a superheroine. Fiction centered on characters, especially in American comic books since the 1930s, is known as superhero fiction. By most definitions, characters do not require actual supernatural or superhuman powers or phenomena to be deemed superheroes, some superheroes use their powers to counter daily crime while also combating threats against humanity from supervillains, who are their criminal counterparts. Often at least one of these supervillains will be the superheros archenemy, some long-running superheroes such as Iron Man, Captain America, Superman, Wonder Woman, Batman, and Spider-Man have a rogues gallery of many villains. The word superhero dates to at least 1917, antecedents of the archetype include such folkloric heroes as Robin Hood, who adventured in distinctive clothing. The 1903 play The Scarlet Pimpernel and its spinoffs popularized the idea of a masked avenger, during the 1940s there were many superheroes, and only a few of these were female. The Flash, Green Lantern and Blue Beetle debuted in this era, most of the other female costumed crime-fighters during this era lacked superpowers. The most iconic comic book superheroine, who debuted during the Golden Age, is Wonder Woman, inspired by the Amazons of Greek mythology, she was created by psychologist William Moulton Marston, with help and inspiration from his wife Elizabeth and their mutual lover Olive Byrne. Wonder Womans first appearance was in All Star Comics #8, published by All-American Publications, in 1952, Osamu Tezukas manga Tetsuwan Atom was published. The series focused upon a robot boy built by a scientist to replace his deceased son, the 1950s saw the Silver Age of Comics. During this era DC introduced the likes of Batwoman in 1956, Supergirl, Miss Arrowette,1958 saw the debut of superhero Moonlight Mask on Japanese television. In 1963, Astro Boy was adapted into a highly influential anime television series, Phantom Agents in 1964 focused on ninjas working for the Japanese government and would be the foundation for Sentai-type series. Another important event was the debut of Mazinger Z by Go Nagai, Go Nagai also wrote the manga Cutey Honey in 1973, although the Magical Girl genre already existed, Nagais manga introduced Transformation sequences that would become a staple of Magical Girl media. The dark Skull Man manga would later get a television adaptation, the protagonist was redesigned resemble a grasshopper, becoming the renowned first masked hero of the Kamen Rider series. Kamen Rider is a motorcycle riding hero in an insect-like costume, both major publishers began introducing new superheroines with a more distinct feminist theme as part of their origin stories or character development. Examples include Big Barda, Power Girl, and the Huntress by DC comics, and from Marvel, the second Black Widow, Shanna the She-Devil, and The Cat. In 1975 Shotaro Ishinomoris Himitsu Sentai Gorenger debuted on what is now TV Asahi, it brought the concepts of multi-colored teams, in 1978, Toei adapted Spider-Man into a live-action series. In subsequent decades, popular characters like Dazzler, She-Hulk, Elektra, Catwoman, Witchblade, Spider-Girl, Batgirl, volume 4 of the X-Men comic book series featured an all-female team as part of the Marvel NOW. branding initiative in 2013
18.
American comic book
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An American comic book is a thin periodical, typically 32-pages, containing primarily comics content. While the form originated in 1933, American comic books first gained popularity after the 1938 publication of Action Comics and this was followed by a superhero boom that lasted until the end of World War II. After the war, while superheroes were marginalized, the book industry rapidly expanded, and genres such as horror, crime. The 1950s saw a decline, due to a shift away from print media in the wake of television. The late 1950s and the 1960s saw a revival. Since the later 20th century, comic books have gained note as collectable items, Comic shops cater to fans, and particularly valuable issues have fetched in excess of a million dollars. Systems of grading comic books have emerged with plastic sleeves and cardboard backing available to maintain the condition of comic books, standard comics are 6.625 inches ×10.25 inches and about 32 pages long. While comics can be the work of a creator, the labour of making them is frequently divided between a number of specialists. There may be a writer and artist, or there may be separate artists for the characters. The process begins with the coming up with an idea or concept, then working it into a plot and story. After the art production, letters are placed on the page, the creative team, the writers and artists, may work with a comic book publisher for help with marketing, advertising, and other logistics. A distributor like Diamond Comic Distributors, the largest in the U. S. helps to distribute the product to retailers. Another part of the involved in successful comics is the interaction between the readers/fans and the creator. Fan art and letters to the editor were printed in the back of the book until the early 21st century. Comic specialty stores did help encourage several waves of independently-produced comics, the development of the modern American comic book happened in stages. The G. W. Dillingham Company published the first known proto-comic-book magazine in the U. S, the Yellow Kid in McFaddens Flats, in 1897. The 196-page, square-bound, black-and-white publication, which also includes text by E. W. Townsend, measured 5×7 inches. The neologism comic book appears on the back cover, despite the publication of a series of related Hearst comics soon afterward, the first monthly proto-comic book, Embee Distributing Companys Comic Monthly, did not appear until 1922
19.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
20.
Green Lantern (comic book)
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Green Lantern is an ongoing American comic book series featuring the DC Comics heroes of the same name. The characters first incarnation, Alan Scott, appeared in All-American Comics #16 and that series was canceled in 1949 after 38 issues. Although the Green Lantern is considered a mainstay in the DC Comics stable, the first series featuring Hal Jordan was canceled at issue #224, but was restarted with a third volume and a new #1 issue in June 1990. When sales began slipping in the early 1990s, DC Comics instituted a controversial editorial mandate that turned Jordan into the supervillain Parallax and created a new protagonist named Kyle Rayner. This third volume ended publication in 2004, when the miniseries Green Lantern, Rebirth brought Hal Jordan back as a heroic character, volume 1 was published from 1941 until 1949 spanning a total of 38 issues. The series featured Alan Scott, the first Green Lantern character, created by writer/artist Martin Nodell, alans first appearance was in the anthology series, All-American Comics #16. The Green Lantern character received his own series in Fall 1941. The first use of the Green Lantern oath was in issue #9, artist Alex Toth did some of his earliest comics work on the title beginning with issue #28. A canine sidekick named Streak was introduced in #30 and the dog proved so popular that he became the character on several covers of the series starting with #34. The series was canceled with #38, although there have been several subsequent Green Lantern revival projects over the years, this remains the only series to date to spotlight the Alan Scott character. The Silver Age Green Lantern was created by John Broome and Gil Kane in Showcase #22 at the behest of editor Julius Schwartz, volume 2 of Green Lantern began publication in August 1960. The series spotlighted the Silver Age Green Lantern, Hal Jordan, the supervillain Sinestro was introduced in #7. In 2009, Sinestro was ranked IGNs 15th Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time, Hal Jordans love interest, Carol Ferris, became the Star Sapphire in issue #16. Black Hand, a character featured prominently in the Blackest Night storyline in 2009-2010, a substitute Green Lantern, Guy Gardner first appeared in the story Earths Other Green Lantern. in issue #59. Where Oliver Queen advocated direct action, Hal Jordan wanted to work within the system, each would find their beliefs challenged by the other. Oliver convinced Jordan to see beyond his strict obedience to the Green Lantern Corps, as ONeil explained, He would be a hot-tempered anarchist to contrast with the cerebral, sedate model citizen who was the Green Lantern. The duo embarked on a quest to find America, witnessing the problems of corruption, racism, pollution, and overpopulation confronting the nation. ONeil took on then-current events, such as the Manson Family cult murders and it was during this period that the most famous Green Arrow story appeared, in Green Lantern vol
21.
Sheldon Moldoff
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He co-created the Batman supervillains Poison Ivy, Mr. Freeze, the second Clayface, and Bat-Mite, as well as the original heroes Bat-Girl, Batwoman, and Ace the Bat-Hound. Moldoff is the creator of the Black Pirate. Moldoff is not to be confused with fellow Golden Age comics professional Sheldon Mayer, born in Manhattan, New York City but mostly raised in The Bronx, he was introduced to cartooning by future comics artist Bernard Baily, who lived in the same apartment house as Moldoff. I was drawing in chalk on the sidewalk—Popeye and Betty Boop and other cartoons of the day—and he came by and looked at it and said, Hey. He said, Come on, Ill show you how to draw, Moldoff sold his first cartoon drawing at age 17. Moldoffs debut was a filler that appeared on the inside back cover of the landmark Action Comics #1. During the late-1930s and 1940s Golden Age of comic books, Moldoff became a cover artist for the future DC Comics. Moldoff created the character Black Pirate in Action Comics #23, Moldoff drew the first image of the formerly civilian character Shiera Sanders in costume as Hawkgirl in All Star Comics #5, based on Nevilles Hawkman costume design. Beginning with Flash Comics #4, Moldoff became the regular Hawkman artist and he drew the Hawkman portions of the Justice Society of America stories published in All Star Comics as well. Moldoff recalled in 2000 that All-American publisher Max Gaines. took a shine to me, hes the one who said, Were going to put you on Hawkman, and do whatever you want with it. Do a good job, I know you can do it, but when I looked at Hawkman and read a couple of stories, I said to myself, This has to be done in a Raymond style. I saved Sunday pages and the papers for years. Liked my style, he liked the realism and we were competing with the newspapers. When he picked up the Sunday papers, he saw Flash Gordon, Prince Valiant, Terry, when he picked up a comic book, there was a tremendous difference in the quality of the art. And then, all of a sudden, he saw me—an 18-year-old coming around, and Im almost a student of Raymond, and by God and we all leaned on these guys to learn—and we were very lucky, because while we were learning, we were selling the product. I spent a lot of time on it, I had books on anatomy and shadows and wrinkles, I studied, and I worked very hard on it, and I think it showed. Drafter into World War II military service in 1944, Moldoff returned to life in 1946, drawing for Standard, Fawcett, Marvel. For EC he drew Moon Girl, continuing with that character for Bill Gaines, when superhero comics went out of fashion in the postwar era, Moldoff became an early pioneer in horror comics, packaging two such ready-to-prints titles in 1948
22.
Golden Age of Comic Books
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The Golden Age of Comic Books describes an era of American comic books from the late 1930s to circa 1950. During this time, modern books were first published and rapidly increased in popularity. The superhero archetype was created and many characters were introduced, including Superman, Batman, Captain America, Wonder Woman. The first recorded use of the term Golden Age was by Richard A. Lupoff in an article, Re-Birth, an event cited by many as marking the beginning of the Golden Age was the 1938 debut of Superman in Action Comics #1, published by Detective Comics. Supermans popularity helped make comic books a major arm of publishing, timely Comics, the 1940s predecessor of Marvel Comics, had million-selling titles featuring the Human Torch, the Sub-Mariner, and Captain America. The comic was published biweekly at one point to capitalize on its popularity, patriotic heroes donning red, white, and blue were particularly popular during the time of the second World War following The Shields debut in 1940. Many heroes of this time period battled the Axis powers, with such as Captain America Comics #1 showing the title character punching Nazi leader Adolf Hitler. As comic books grew in popularity, publishers began launching titles that expanded into a variety of genres, dell Comics non-superhero characters outsold the superhero comics of the day. The publisher featured licensed movie and literary characters such as Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Roy Rogers and it was during this era that noted Donald Duck writer-artist Carl Barks rose to prominence. Additionally, MLJs introduction of Archie Andrews in Pep Comics #22 gave rise to teen humor comics, the educational comic book Dagwood Splits the Atom used characters from the comic strip Blondie. According to historian Michael A. Amundson, appealing comic-book characters helped ease young readers fear of nuclear war and it was during this period that long-running humor comics debuted, including ECs Mad and Carl Barks Uncle Scrooge in Dells Four Color Comics. In 1953, the book industry hit a setback when the United States Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency was created in order to investigate the problem of juvenile delinquency. As a result, the Comics Code Authority was created by the Association of Comics Magazine Publishers to enact self-censorship by comic book publishers, at this time, EC canceled its crime and horror titles and focused primarily on Mad. During the late 1940s, the popularity of superhero comics waned, to retain reader interest, comic publishers diversified into genres such as war, Westerns, science fiction, romance, crime and horror. Many superhero titles were cancelled or converted to other genres, in 1946, DC Comics Superboy, Aquaman and Green Arrow were switched from More Fun Comics into Adventure Comics so More Fun could focus on humor. In 1948 All-American Comics, featuring Green Lantern, Johnny Thunder, the following year, Flash Comics and Green Lantern were cancelled. In 1951 All Star Comics, featuring the Justice Society of America, the next year Star Spangled Comics, featuring Robin, was retitled Star Spangled War Stories. Sensation Comics, featuring Wonder Woman, was cancelled in 1953, the only DC superhero comics to continue publishing through the 1950s were Action Comics, Adventure Comics, Detective Comics, Batman, Superboy, Superman, Wonder Woman and Worlds Finest Comics
23.
All-American Publications
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All-American Publications is one of three American comic book companies that merged to form the modern day DC Comics, one of the worlds two largest comics publishers. Superheroes created for All-American include the original Atom, Flash, Green Lantern, Hawkman, as Gerard Jones writes of Donenfelds investment, Harry had agreed on one condition, that take Jack Liebowitz on as his partner. Jack would be tempted to leave and form a company if there was nothing to hold him. Gaines became the principal and Jack Liebowitz the minority owner of All-American, in 1944, Gaines sold his share of the company to Liebowitz, keeping only Picture Stories from the Bible as the foundation of his own new company, EC. As Jones describes, Gaines saw the end of the superhero fad coming and wanted to get something more durable, like childrens books. In 1944, he decided hed had enough and he let Jack Liebowitz buy him out with a loan from Harry. Liebowitz promptly orchestra the merger of All American Comics and Detective Comics into National Comics, of which he was the partner, vice president. Next he took charge of organizing National Comics, Independent News, Liebowitz later merged his and Donenfelds companies into National Comics Publications. With Gaines as editor, assisted by Sheldon Mayer, All-American Publications launched its flagship series All-American Comics with an April 1939 premiere. Like many comics of the time, All-American debuted with a mix of comic strips, reprinted in color. Among the strips were three hits of the era, Mutt and Jeff, by Al Smith ghosting for strip creator Bud Fisher, Skippy, by Percy Crosby, new content included Scribbly, a semiautobiographical Mayer feature about a boy cartoonist. All-American Comics lasted 102 issues through October 1948, also debuting that month was Movie Comics, featuring simple adaptations of movies using painted movie stills, as well as cartoonist Ed Wheelans popular Minute Movies comics. The first of its six issues through Aug.1939 adapted no fewer than five films, Son of Frankenstein, Gunga Din, The Great Man Votes, Fishermans Wharf, and Scouts to the Rescue. Wonder Woman was introduced in a story in All Star Comics #8, the product of psychologist William Moulton Marston and Max Charles Gaines. The Atom Doctor Mid-Nite The Flash The Gay Ghost Green Lantern Hawkman and Hawkgirl Hop Harrigan The King Little Boy Blue and the Blue Boys Mr. comics. org
24.
Magic ring
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A magic ring is a ring, usually a finger ring, that has magical properties. It appears frequently in fantasy and fairy tales, Magic rings are found in the folklore of every country where rings are worn. Some magic rings can endow the wearer with a variety of abilities including invisibility and immortality, others can grant wishes or spells such as neverending love and happiness. More often, however, they are featured as forces for good, early stories of magical rings date to classical antiquity. Plato, in the book of The Republic, tells a story about the Ring of Gyges. The shepherd Gyges, who found it in a cave, used its power to seduce the queen, kill the king, earlier accounts of Gyges, however, who was king of Lydia, make no mention of a magic ring. Rings are not generally attributed with magic powers in ancient Greek legend, although many other objects are listed. Josephus has an anecdote of one Eleazar who used a ring to exorcise demons in the presence of Vespasian. A magic ring, therefore, might confer immortality by preventing the souls departure and these magical properties inhibiting access to the soul may explain an ancient Greek maxim, attributed to Pythagoras, which forbade people to wear rings. Magic rings feature in Arabian Nights, where Judar bin Omar, a fisherman finds the ring of Al-Shamardal, the enchanter and Maaruf, the powers of both magic rings come from the servant jinni who are shut up in them by astro magical bonds. In the Story of Aladdin and the Magic Lamp Aladdin also summons a second djinn from a ring given to him by the Maghrabi Magician. Magic rings are known in medieval Jewish esoteric tradition, they are mentioned in the Talmud, solomons magical ring had many properties in legend, making him all-knowing, conferring him with the ability to speak with animals and bearing the special sigil that sealed genies into bottles. A story about King Solomon and a ring is found in the Babylonian Talmud, the power of a ring is in the divine name with which it is inscribed, such rings are used to invoke and command various guardians of heavenly palaces and to gain entrance to those heavens. In the Zohar, God is thought to own and use a ring, or, at least. In the medieval collection of Welsh tales called the Mabinogion one of the romances – Geraint ab Erbin – has the eponymous character find a ring that grants him the powers of invisibility when worn. A small number of Viking Age finger rings bearing runic inscriptions of apparently magical significance are known, among them the Kingmoor Ring, an early magical ring in European mythology is the arm ring named Draupnir worn by the Norse god Odin. Because its only reported function was to create more gold arm bands every nine days, another Norse ring was called Andvarinaut. Andvarinaut is the famous Ring of the Niebelung from The Volsunga Saga and The Nibelungenlied, sir Yvain is given a magic ring by a maiden in Chrétien de Troyes 12th-century Arthurian romance The Knight of the Lion
25.
Vandal Savage
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Vandal Savage is a fictional supervillain published by DC Comics. In 2009, Vandal Savage was ranked as IGNs 36th Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time, Vandal Savage, under the name Curtis Knox made his live-action debut in Smallville, portrayed by Dean Cain. The character was introduced into The CWs Arrowverse, where he was portrayed by Casper Crump. He was the primary antagonist in the episodes of season two of The Flash and season four of Arrow, and during the first season of DCs Legends of Tomorrow. Vandal Savage first appeared in Green Lantern vol.1 #10, Savage is immortal, and he has plagued the earth with crime and violence since before the beginning of recorded human history. He is a brilliant tactician with immense technological prowess and he is one of DCs most persistent villains and has fought hundreds of heroes throughout history. In the days of prehistory,50,000 BC, Savage was a caveman named Vandar Adg and he was bathed in the radiation of a mysterious meteorite, which gave him incredible intellect and immortality. According to Lex Luthor, there may be evidence to suggest that Savage was the first cannibal on record, though the Calculator took this to be a joke, Luthor was apparently serious, and Savage has not shown much regard for human life. Savages first mark in the history came when he and a group of people successfully undermined and destroyed the lost city of Atlantis. That group of people known as the Illuminati, with Savage serving as its leader. He claims to have ruled hundreds of civilizations under hundreds of names, Khafre, Cheops, Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Genghis Khan, Blackbeard and he also terrorized Victorian era London as Jack the Ripper. He realized that his prominence could cause him to be killed accidentally and he has also worked as close friends and advisers to the likes of Erik the Red, William the Conqueror, Napoleon Bonaparte as Marshal Savage, Otto von Bismarck, and Adolf Hitler. He also led the Spanish Armada in its invasion of England. He was the physician in France and even used the royal family for syphilis experiments. This incarnation of Vandal Savage was less of a threatening, scheming villain and more a likeable, roguish thug. Savage was still a force to be reckoned with, but nonetheless bound to a respect for his fellow immortals Etrigan and Madame Xanadu. He is eventually thought to be a traitor, Savage ends up betraying Mordru in turn in order to pillage the supplies of the Horde. He rejoins the rest of the Demon Knights saying that he planned all along
26.
Solomon Grundy (comics)
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Solomon Grundy is a fictional character, usually depicted as supervillain in the DC Comics universe and an antihero in the DC animated universe. He was originally depicted as a murder victim brought back to life as a revenant or zombie. He also has ties to Swamp Thing, created by Alfred Bester, he first appeared in All-American Comics #61. Grundy is the focus of one of the four Faces of Evil one-shots that explore the aftermath of Final Crisis, written by Scott Kolins and Geoff Johns and it is the introduction to a seven part mini-series featuring the character. In the late 19th century, a merchant named Cyrus Gold is murdered and his body is disposed of in Slaughter Swamp. Fifty years later, the corpse is reanimated as a huge shambling figure with almost no memory of its past life, Gold murders two escaped criminals who are hiding out in the marsh and steals their clothes. He shows up in a camp and, when asked about his name. One of the men at the camp mentions the nursery rhyme character Solomon Grundy, Grundy proves to be a difficult opponent, unkillable and with an inherent resistance to Scotts powers. He apparently kills Green Lantern, who gives off a green flash, liking this flash, Grundy commits murders hoping to see the flash again. However the first fight ends when Grundy is hurled under a train by Green Lantern, Grundy is revived when a criminal scientist, known as the Professor, injects Grundy with concentrated chlorophyll. After this second encounter Grundy is trapped in a green plasma bubble for a time, making his way across country, Grundy heads for the headquarters of the Justice Society of America. Green Lantern arrives early for the meeting and when the members arrive, they find their headquarters smashed to pieces. The radio continues its report, listing cities where Grundy was seen, so each member picks a city, the scene now shifts back to the moment at JSA HQ where Green Lantern had opened the door. To his surprise, Doiby Dickles walks in, and informs him that Grundy has freed himself and is on the loose, Green Lantern leaves immediately, hoping to find Grundy before any of the JSA members are hurt going after him. Minutes later, Grundy arrives at JSA HQ, and, not finding the Lantern there, he smashes the place up, when Green Lantern and Grundy meet, Grundy rips a tree out by its roots and smashes it into the Lantern. Green Lantern fights back with his ring and fists until both men fall into a nearby stream and over a small waterfall. The Lantern is severely dazed and tries to ward off Grundy with his ring, Grundy grabs Green Lantern by the throat and begins to squeeze the life out of him, holding his head underwater. However, Hawkman strikes Grundy with his mace, and Mid-Nite is able to revive the Lantern, a combined attack brings down Grundy, and Green Lantern deposits Grundy on the moon
27.
Comic Cavalcade
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Comic Cavalcade was an anthology comic book published by DC Comics from 1942 to 1954. Comic Cavalcade, however, featured both those characters as well as the Flash, a star in his own namesake title as well as the spin-off All-Flash. At 96 pages initially, Comic Cavalcade was about one-and-one-half-times the length of the comic book of the time. It was priced at 15 cents, when the comic cost a dime. Many stories in Comic Cavalcade were scripted by other than the regular writers. Batman writer Bill Finger, for example, would occasionally write Flash stories for Comic Cavalcade when regular Flash writer Gardner Fox was preoccupied with other projects, one non-superhero ongoing character introduced in Comic Cavalcade was newspaperman Johnny Peril. His roots, prior to his first appearance, came in the one-off story Just a Story in issue #15, with issue #22, the anthological Just a Story series gained Peril as, generally, a witness or narrator rather than as an integral part of the narrative. The character went on to appear in his own feature in All-Star Comics, Danger Trail and he returned in the Silver Age of Comic Books in 1958, in The Unexpected. Initially published quarterly, the title went bi-monthly beginning with #14 and it was revamped completely with #30, becoming a funny-animal humor book when superheroes faded from popularity in the post-war era. Featured were animator Frank Tashlins movie-cartoon duo The Fox and the Crow, along with cartoonist Woody Gelmans creations, The Dodo, the books length by this time had been reduced to 76 pages. The title would later be referenced with DCs 1970s Cancelled Comic Cavalcade series
28.
All Star Comics
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All Star Comics is a comic book series from All-American Publications, one of three companies that merged with National Periodical Publications to form the modern-day DC Comics. While the series cover-logo trademark reads All Star Comics, its title as indicated by postal indicia is All-Star Comics. With the exception of the first two issues, All Star Comics told stories about the adventures of the Justice Society of America, the first team of superheroes, and introduced Wonder Woman. The original concept for All Star Comics was a title containing the most popular series from the other anthology titles published by both All-American Publications and National Comics. All Star Comics #1 contained superhero stories that included All-Americans Golden Age Flash, Hawkman, Ultra-Man, as well as Nationals Hour-Man, Spectre, the adventure strip Biff Bronson and the comedy-adventure Red, White, and Blue also premiered with the Summer 1940 cover date. Issue #3 depicted the first meeting of the Justice Society of America, the Justice Society of America was originally a frame story used to present an anthology of solo stories about the individual characters, with each story handled by a different artist. Comic historian Les Daniels noted, this was obviously a great notion, since it offered readers a lot of headliners for a dime, the anthology format was dropped in 1947 and replaced with full issue stories featuring the heroes teaming up to fight crime. All Star Comics #8 featured the first appearance of Wonder Woman in a story written by William Moulton Marston. The insert story was included to test reader interest in the Wonder Woman concept and it generated enough positive fan response that Wonder Woman would be awarded the lead feature in the Sensation Comics anthology title starting from issue #1. That same issue saw the induction of Doctor Mid-Nite and Starman as members of the Justice Society as well, starting with issue #11, Wonder Woman would appear in All Star Comics as a member of the Justice Society as their secretary. With issue #34, Gardner Fox left the series and a new super-villain, the Injustice Society first battled the JSA in issue #37 in a tale written by Robert Kanigher. The Black Canary guest starred in issue #38 and joined the three issues later in #41. Superhero comics slumped in the early 1950s, and All Star Comics was renamed All-Star Western in 1951 with issue #58, in this issue, the Justice Society of America feature was replaced by Western heroes. Artwork from an unpublished All Star Comics story titled The Will of William Wilson survived and was reprinted in publications from TwoMorrows Publishing. In 1976, the name All Star Comics was resurrected for a series portraying the modern-day adventures of the JSA, the new series dismissed the numbering from All-Star Western and continued the original numbering, premiering with All-Star Comics #58. Starting with issue #66, a hyphen was added to the title, the 1970s series introduced the new characters Power Girl and the Helena Wayne version of the Huntress. This series ran for seventeen issues before it was canceled with issue #74 as part of the DC Implosion. After 23-year-old Gerry Conway became an editor at DC Comics, long-time JSA-fan Roy Thomas suggested to Conway that the JSA be given their own title again
29.
Justice Society of America
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The Justice Society of America is a superhero team appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The Justice Society of America was conceived by editor Sheldon Mayer and writer Gardner Fox, the JSA first appeared in All Star Comics #3, making it the first team of superheroes in comic books. The team was popular, but in the late 1940s, the popularity of superhero comics waned. JSA members remained absent from comics until ten years later, when the original Flash appeared alongside a new character by name in The Flash #123. During the Silver Age of Comic Books, DC Comics reinvented several Justice Society members, the Justice Society was established as existing on Earth-Two and the Justice League on Earth-One. This allowed for annual cross-dimensional team-ups of the teams between 1963 and 1985, New series, such as All-Star Squadron, Infinity, Inc. and a new All-Star Comics featured the JSA, their children and their heirs. These series explored the issues of aging, generational differences, the 1985 Crisis on Infinite Earths limited series, merged all of the companys various alternate realities into one, placing the JSA as World War II-era predecessors to the companys modern characters. A JSA series was published from 1999 to 2006, a new Justice Society of America series ran from 2007 to 2011. As part of DC Comics The New 52, a version of the team appears in the Earth 2 Vol 1, Earth 2 Worlds End. The Justice Society of America first appeared in All Star Comics #3 written by Gardner Fox, the team initially included, Doctor Fate, Hour-Man, the Spectre, the Sandman, the Atom, the Flash, Green Lantern, and Hawkman. Because some of characters were published by All-American Publications rather than DC Comics, All-Star Comics #3 is the first inter-company superhero title. Comics historian Les Daniels noted that, This was obviously a great notion, since it offered readers a lot of headliners for a dime, the JSAs adventures were written by Gardner Fox as well as by John Broome and Robert Kanigher. G. Peter, Jack Burnley, Lee Elias, Irwin Hasen, Bob Oksner, Paul Reinman, Everett E. Hibbard, the first JSA story featured the teams first meeting, with a framing sequence for each member telling a story of an individual exploit. Thus, the Flash was replaced by Johnny Thunder after #6, for this reason, Superman and Batman were established as already being honorary members prior to All Star Comics #3. How these two heroes helped found the JSA before becoming honorary members was not explained until DC Special #29 in 1977, Hawkman is the only member to appear in every JSA adventure in the original run of All Star Comics and the Atom missed two issues. All Star Comics #8 featured the first appearance of Wonder Woman, a fan club for the team called the Junior Justice Society of America was introduced in All Star Comics #14. The membership kit included a letter, a badge, a decoder, a four-page comic book. Heroes being removed from the title, as a result, the Flash and Green Lantern returned to the team
30.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
31.
Comic book
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A comic book or comicbook, also called comic magazine or simply comic, is a publication that consists of comic art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by brief descriptive prose and written narrative, although comics has some origins in 18th century Japan and 1830s Europe, comic books were first popularized in the United States during the 1930s. Comic books are reliant on their organization and appearance, authors largely focus on the frame of the page, size, orientation, and panel positions. These characteristic aspects of books are necessary in conveying the content. The key elements of comic books include panels, balloons, text, balloons are usually convex spatial containers of information that are related to a character using a tail element. The tail has an origin, path, tip, and pointed direction, there are many technological formulas used to create comic books, including directions, axes, data, and metrics. Following these key formatting procedures is the writing, drawing, Comics as a print medium have existed in America since the printing of The Adventures of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck in 1842 in hardcover, making it the first known American prototype comic book. The introduction of Jerry Siegel and Joe Shusters Superman in 1938 turned comic books into a major industry, the Golden Age originated the archetype of the superhero. Historians generally divide the timeline of the American comic book into eras, the Golden Age of Comic Books began with the introduction of Superman in 1938, spurring a period of high sales. The Silver Age of comic books is considered to date from the first successful revival of the then-dormant superhero form. The demarcation between the Silver Age and the era, the Bronze Age of Comic Books, is less well-defined. The Modern Age of Comic Books runs from the mid-1980s to the present day, in response to attention from the government and from the media, the U. S. comic book industry set up the Comics Magazine Association of America. The CMAA instilled the Comics Code Authority in 1954 and drafted the self-censorship Comics Code that year and it was not until the 1970s that comic books could be published without passing through the inspection of the CMAA. In the early 1970s, a surge of creativity emerged in what known as underground comix. Published and distributed independently of the comics industry, most of such comics reflected the youth counterculture. Underground comics were almost never sold at newsstands, but rather in such youth-oriented outlets as head shops and record stores, frank Stacks The Adventures of Jesus, published under the name Foolbert Sturgeon, has been credited as the first underground comic. The rise of comic book specialty stores in the late 1970s created/paralleled a dedicated market for independent or alternative comics in the U. S, some independent comics continued in the tradition of underground comics. A few represented experimental attempts to bring closer to the status of fine art
32.
Julius Schwartz
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Julius Julie Schwartz was a comic book editor, and a science fiction agent and prominent fan. He was born in The Bronx, New York and he is best known as a longtime editor at DC Comics, where at various times he was primary editor over the companys flagship superheroes, Superman and Batman. He was inducted into the comics industrys Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1996 and he graduated at Theodore Roosevelt High School in The Bronx at age seventeen. In 1932, Schwartz co-published Time Traveller, one of the first science fiction fanzines, in addition, Schwartz helped organize the first World Science Fiction Convention in 1939. In 1944 he became an editor at All-American Comics, one of the companies that evolved into DC Comics and he recruited Bester to contribute to the companys line of comic books. The eventual success of the new, science-fiction oriented Flash heralded the return of superheroes. Schwartz also worked with writers John Broome and Gardner Fox and revived other superheroes such as Green Lantern in Showcase #22, Hawkman in The Brave and the Bold #34, and the Atom in Showcase #34. A character Schwartz created himself, Adam Strange, debuted in Showcase #17, Schwartz first thought the concept of the Justice League of America as an updating of the Justice Society and the idea was then developed by Gardner Fox and artist Mike Sekowsky. The new team debuted in The Brave and the Bold #28 and it became one of the most successful series of the Silver Age. Schwartz oversaw the introduction of the Elongated Man in The Flash #112 by writer John Broome, Schwartz edited the Flash of Two Worlds story published in The Flash #123. It introduces Earth-Two, and more generally the concept of the multiverse, Justice League of America #21 and #22 saw the first use of the term Crisis in reference to a crossover between DCs Golden Age and Silver Age characters. In 1964, Schwartz was made responsible for reviving the faded Batman titles and he helped writer Dennis ONeil and artist Neal Adams come to prominence at DC Comics. The duo, under the direction of Schwartz, would revitalize the Batman with a series of stories reestablishing the characters dark, Schwartz edited Detective Comics until issue #481 and Batman until issue #309. This included an attempt to scale back Supermans powers while removing kryptonite as an plot device. This proved short-lived, with Schwartz bowing to pressure to restore both elements in the titles, Schwartz oversaw the launch of DC Comics Presents in 1978 and edited it throughout its 97 issue run. As an editor, Schwartz was heavily involved in the writing of the published in his magazines. He worked out the plot with the writer in story conferences, the writer would then break down the plot into a panel-by-panel continuity, and write the dialogue and captions. Schwartz would in turn polish the script, sometimes rewriting extensively, Schwartz retired from DC in 1986 after 42 years at the company, but continued to be active in comics and science fiction fandom until shortly before his death
33.
Guardians of the Universe
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The Guardians of the Universe are a fictional race of extraterrestrials appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with Green Lantern. They first appeared in Green Lantern vol.2 #1, and were created by John Broome, the Guardians of the Universe have been adapted to a number of films, television programs, and video games. They resemble short humans with blue skin and white hair and they are immortal and the oldest living beings in the Universe, but not the first. The Guardians evolved on the planet Maltus, and were among the first intelligent life forms in the universe, at this time they were tall greyish blue humanoids with black hair, who roughly resembled humans except for their skin color. They became scientists and thinkers, experimenting on the worlds around them, one experiment led to the creation of a new species, the Psions. In a pivotal moment, billions of years ago, a Maltusian named Krona used time-bending technology to observe the beginning of the Universe, however, this experiment, and later attempts to stop it, unleashed disaster upon all existence. Originally, the experiment splintered the Universe into the Multiverse and created the evil Anti-Matter Universe of Qward, following the retroactive destruction of the Multiverse, it was revealed that Krona flooded the beginning of the Universe with entropy causing it to be born old. Feeling responsible for this, the evolved Maltusians relocated to the planet Oa and their goal was simple, combat evil and create an orderly universe. They acted quickly on that goal, during this period they slowly evolved into their current appearance, losing about half of their height and having their skulls grow larger. They now act as the leaders of the Green Lantern Corps, desiring to bring order, peace and harmony to all the universe, they created a mechanized police force, composed of powerful, self-aware androids known as Manhunters. These Manhunters, resembling uniformed, blue-skinned humanoids, operated as cosmic police officers and they protected civilization and maintained peace in the Universe for millions of years, patrolling 3600 sectors into which the cosmos had been divided. One day, the Manhunters collectively changed their directives and set out on a campaign to all organic life. Starting with Sector 666, they killed the people they had created to protect. Most Manhunters were decommissioned after the massacre of Sector 666, but the ones that became the sworn enemies of their former masters. The Manhunter rebellion caused the Guardians to split into groups with different goals, the Controllers believe the only way to protect the Universe is to control it. The Zamarons, consisting entirely of female Oans, felt no need to involve themselves in the Universes problems at all, over the years, both groups evolved to look dissimilar to the Guardians. Other groups have left the Guardians, one such group settled on Earth. The Apokolips campaign ended in a truce, with the Guardians forced to abandon a soldier to Darkseid, fearing dissension, they ordered all records of the Campaign expunged
34.
Showcase (comics)
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Showcase has been the title of several comic anthology series published by DC Comics. The original series ran from March–April 1956 to September 1970 suspending publication with issue #93, the Spectre was revived for the Silver Age in Showcase as well. In 1962, DC purchased an adaptation of the James Bond novel and film Dr. No, which had published in British Classics Illustrated. It was the first American comic book appearance of the character, the Showcase series was canceled in 1970 with issue #93, featuring Manhunter 2070. In 1992, DC Comics published a paperback reprint collection titled The Essential Showcase. This collection reprints selected stories/characters from issues #1,4,6,9,11,13, several other issues were included in other reprint collections. In August 1977, Showcase was revived for eleven issues after the cancellation of 1st Issue Special, the revived Showcase, using the original numbering, began with issue #94 and published the first appearance of the new Doom Patrol and the solo adventures of Power Girl. Issue #100 had a cameo by almost every character that had premiered in the run of Showcase in a story co-written by Paul Kupperberg and Paul Levitz. The series was cancelled again after issue #104, as part of what is called the DC Implosion. Issues #105 and #106 saw print in Cancelled Comic Cavalcade and #105 was later published in Adventure Comics, Issue #106 was included in The Creeper by Steve Ditko hardcover collection published by DC in 2010. DC published New Talent Showcase, which ran for 15 issues, briefly changed its title to Talent Showcase, for the most part edited by Karen Berger, the series gave new writers and artists their first professional opportunity in the comics industry. Notable creators who made their DC debuts with New Talent Showcase include Mark Beachum, Norm Breyfogle, Tom Grindberg, Steve Lightle, Mindy Newell, the new series was published as Showcase 93, a monthly 12-issue limited series, replaced the following year by Showcase 94, etc. Showcase 96 #12 was the last regular issue, in 2005, DC began publishing thick, black-and-white reprints of older material under the umbrella title Showcase Presents. Showcase at the Comic Book DB, New Talent Showcase at the Comic Book DB. Showcase 93 at the Comic Book DB, Showcase #55, The Glory of Murphy Anderson
35.
Sid Greene
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Sidney Sid Greene was an American comic book artist known for his work for a host of publishers from the 1940s to 1970s. As an inker on DC Comics series including Batman, Green Lantern, Justice League of America and The Atom, Sid Greene broke into comics during the 1930s to 1940s period fans and historians call the Golden Age of Comic Books. Initially, he freelanced at Funnies, Inc. one of the packages that supplied comic books on demand for publishers testing the new medium. His first signed work is as penciler-inker of a 10-page story starring the superhero the Patriot in The Human Torch #5, published by Timely Comics, the Golden Age forerunner of Marvel Comics. Through 1943, Greene drew the adventures of Target and the Targeteers in Novelty Press Target Comics, during the decade, he also penciled comic-book stories for Ace Comics, Eastern Color, and Hillman Periodicals. For Holyoke Publishing, he drew the features Fangs, Inspector Hunt and his first known story for DC, where he would become best known during the imminent Silver Age of Comic Books, was the six-page The Wrong Love, in Secret Hearts #18. Well into the early 1960s, Greene contributed many dozens of anthological science-fiction stories to Mystery in Space and he also drew all six issues of DCs The New Adventures of Charlie Chan, starring the long-running fictional Chinese-American detective of novels and films. Greenes first DC superhero work was inking Gil Kane on a backup Atom story in The Atom #8, along with Murphy Anderson, he became one of Kanes two regular inkers on that series, which generally featured two Atom stories each issue. Greene also soon became Kanes regular inker on Green Lantern, beginning with issue #29, as historian Daniel Herman wrote, Finally, Kane had somebody who could keep up with his frenetic pacing and full-bodied anatomy. Greene soon became one of editor Julius Schwartzs most prolific inkers, Greene added a new crispness to Mike Sekowskys pencils for three years until s retirement in 1969. As Herman assessed, Although Greene had a personality as a penciler, as an inker, he was able to successfully submerge his style. As a gesture of appreciation toward editor Schwartz, Greene in many Mystery in Space, late in his career, Greene also returned to Marvel Comics, for whose predecessor companies he had drawn in the 1940s and 1950s. Freelancing, he inked George Tuska on a 20-page story of the jungle lord Ka-Zar in Marvel Super-Heroes #19, #12, co-inking Barry Windsor-Smith in one of the future industry stars earliest professional works. After his final issue of Justice League, Greene inked one last superhero story and he then both penciled and inked stories in two issues each of Our Army at War and the supernatural anthology The Unexpected, plus one story each in The Witching Hour and House of Secrets. His stories in The Unexpected #117 and House of Secrets #84 mark his final published works, Greene was living San Francisco at the time of his death, though his death certificate was issued in New York state. Sid Greene at the Comic Book DB Sid Greene at AtlasTales. com Amazing Heroes #107 Comic Book Marketplace #15
36.
Dennis O'Neil
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As an editor, he is principally known for editing the various Batman titles. As of 2013, he sits on the board of directors of the charity The Hero Initiative, ONeil was born into a Catholic household in St. Louis, Missouri. On Sunday afternoons he would accompany his father or his grandfather to the store for some light groceries, ONeil graduated from St. Louis University around the turn of the 1960s with a degree centered on English literature, creative writing, and philosophy. From there he joined the U. S. Navy just in time to participate in the blockade of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis, after leaving the Navy, ONeil moved on to a job with a newspaper in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. ONeil wrote bi-weekly columns for the page, and during the slow summer months he filled the space with a series on the revival of the comics industry. This attracted the attention of Roy Thomas, who would himself become one of the great names in the history of the medium. ONeil had never considered writing for comics before, and later said hed done the test kind of as a joke, I had a couple of hours on a Tuesday afternoon, so instead of doing crossword puzzles, I did the writers test. He also wrote dialog for such titles as Rawhide Kid and Millie the Model, as well as scripting the final 13 pages of Daredevil #18 over a plot by Lee, when Lee went on vacation. ONeil and artist Neal Adams revived the Professor X character in X-Men #65 in one of the creative teams earliest collaborations, the available jobs writing for Marvel petered out fairly quickly, and ONeil took a job with Charlton Comics under the pseudonym of Sergius O’Shaugnessy. There he received work for a year and a half from Charltons editor Dick Giordano. In 1968 Dick Giordano was offered a position at DC Comics and took a number of Charlton freelancers with him. Charlton talent arrived at DC from a different culture of comics, at DC, the office seemed like a snapshot from 1950, with a crowd of short-haired men in white shirts and ties. The jeans-wearing, hippy trended Charlton crowd visibly represented a different generation, ONeils first assignments involved two strategies for bolstering DCs sales. One approach centered on the creation of new characters, and ONeil scripted several issues of Beware the Creeper, from there, DC moved ONeil to Wonder Woman and Justice League of America. With artist Mike Sekowsky, he took away Wonder Womans powers, exiled her from the Amazon community and these changes did not sit well with Wonder Womans older fans, particularly feminists, and ONeil acknowledged that de-powering DCs most well-known superheroine had unintentionally alienated readers. In Justice League, he had success, introducing into that title the first socially and politically themed stories. He and artist Dick Dillin made several changes to the membership of the JLA by removing founding members the Martian Manhunter and Wonder Woman. It was during this period that the most famous Green Arrow story appeared, in Green Lantern #85–86, when it was revealed that Green Arrows ward Speedy was addicted to heroin
37.
Neal Adams
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Adams was inducted into the Eisner Awards Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1998, and the Harvey Awards Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1999. Neal Adams was born on Governors Island, New York City, New York, at the suggestion of staffers, Adams drew three or four pages of the Fly, but did not receive encouragement from Simon. Sympathetic staffers nonetheless asked Adams to draw samples for the Archie teen-humor comics themselves, while he did so, Adams said in a 2000s interview, he unknowingly broke into comics, I started to do samples for Archie and I left my Fly samples there. A couple weeks later when I came in to show my Archie samples, I noticed that the pages were still there and they said, One of the artists did this transition where Tommy Troy turns into the Fly and its not very good. You did this real nice piece so we’ll use that, if its OK and that panel ran in Adventures of the Fly #4. Afterward, Adams began writing, penciling, inking, and lettering humorous full-page and half-page gag fillers for Archies Joke Book Magazine, in a 1976 interview, he recalled earning bout $16.00 per half page and $32.00 for a full page. That may not seem like a deal of money. As we were not in a wealthy state and it was manna from heaven, so to speak. Having not left Archie Comics under the best of circumstances, Adams turned to art for the advertising industry. After a rocky start freelancing, he began landing regular work at the Johnstone and Cushing agency, but they gave me a chance and. I stayed there for about a year, in 1962, Adams began his comics career in earnest at the NEA newspaper syndicate. From a recommendation, writer Jerry Caplin, a. k. a, Jerry Capp, brother of Lil Abner creator Al Capp, invited Adams to draw samples for Capps proposed Ben Casey comic strip, based on the popular television medical-drama series. On the strength of his samples and of his Chip Martin, College Reporter AT&T advertising comic-strip pages in Boys Life magazine, the first daily strip, which carried Adams signature, appeared November 26,1962, a color Sunday strip was added September 20,1964. Adams continued to do Johnston & Cushing assignments during Ben Caseys 3 1/2-year run, Comics historian Maurice Horn said the strip did not shrink from tackling controversial problems, such as heroin addiction, illegitimate pregnancy, and attempted suicide. These were usually treated in soap opera fashion, but there was also a touch of toughness to the proceedings, well rendered by Adams in a forceful, direct style that exuded realism and tension and accorded well with the overall tone of the strip. In addition to Capp, Jerry Brondfield also wrote for the strip, the ABC series, which ran five seasons, ended March 21,1966, with the final comic strip appearing Sunday, July 31,1966. I wasnt happy working on the strip nor was I happy giving up a third of the money to Bing Crosby Productions, the strip I should have been making twelve hundred a week from was making me three hundred to three-fifty a week. On top of that, I was not able to express myself artistically when I wanted to, but we left under very fine conditions
38.
Green Arrow
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Green Arrow is a fictional superhero who appears in comic books published by DC Comics. Created by Mortimer Weisinger and designed by George Papp, he first appeared in More Fun Comics #73 in November 1941 and his real name is Oliver Ollie Queen, a billionaire businessman and owner of Queen Industries, also a well-known celebrity in his locale of Star City. Green Arrow enjoyed moderate success in his years, becoming the cover feature of More Fun. Throughout his first twenty-five years, however, the character never enjoyed greater popularity, in 1970, he was paired with a more law and order-oriented hero, Green Lantern, in a ground-breaking, socially conscious comic book series. Since then, he has been popular among comic book fans and most writers have taken an urban, the character was killed off in the 1990s and replaced by a new character, Olivers son Connor Hawke. Connor, however, proved a popular character, and the original Oliver Queen character was resurrected in the 2001 Quiver storyline. Green Arrow was not initially a well-known character outside of comic book fandom, in live action, he appeared in the series Smallville, played by actor Justin Hartley, and became a core cast member. Green Arrow and Speedy first appeared in More Fun Comics #73, when Mort Weisinger was creating the character, aside from the obvious allusions to Robin Hood, took inspiration from a movie serial, The Green Archer, based on the novel by Edgar Wallace. He retooled the concept into an archer with obvious Batman influences. His and Speedys first origin stories were told in More Fun Comics #89, another Weisinger-created character, Aquaman, also appeared for the first time in that issue. These two back-up features continued to run concurrently in More Fun Comics until the mid-1940s, as well as then in Adventure Comics between 1946 and 1960, Green Arrow and Speedy also appeared in various issues of Worlds Finest Comics until issue #140. The Green Arrow and Speedy feature was one of five back-up features to be promoted in one of the earliest team-up books, Green Arrow was one of the few DC characters to keep going after the Golden Age of Comic Books. Aside from sharing Adventure Comics with him, issue featured an encounter between a younger Oliver Queen and Superboy. The Green Arrow and Speedy feature during this period included a run in 1958 written by Dick and Dave Wood. For much of period, Green Arrows adventures were written by France Herron. In 1969, artist Neal Adams updated the visual appearance by giving him a Van Dyke beard and costume of his own design in The Brave. The story also turned teammate Black Canary into a love interest for Queen, in the early 1970s, Green Arrow became a co-feature with Green Lantern in an acclaimed series of stories by ONeil and Adams that dealt with various social and political issues. Queen convinces Jordan to see beyond his strict obedience to the Green Lantern Corps, ONeil explained, He would be a hot-tempered anarchist to contrast with the cerebral, sedate model citizen who was Green Lantern
39.
Liberalism
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Liberalism is a political philosophy or worldview founded on ideas of liberty and equality. Liberalism first became a political movement during the Age of Enlightenment. Liberalism rejected the social and political norms of hereditary privilege, state religion, absolute monarchy. The 17th-century philosopher John Locke is often credited with founding liberalism as a philosophical tradition. Locke argued that man has a natural right to life, liberty and property. Liberals opposed traditional conservatism and sought to replace absolutism in government with representative democracy, prominent revolutionaries in the Glorious Revolution, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution used liberal philosophy to justify the armed overthrow of what they saw as tyrannical rule. Liberalism started to spread rapidly especially after the French Revolution, the 19th century saw liberal governments established in nations across Europe, South America, and North America. During the 20th century, liberal ideas spread even further as liberal democracies found themselves on the side in both world wars. In Europe and North America, the establishment of social liberalism became a key component in the expansion of the welfare state, today, liberal parties continue to wield power and influence throughout the world. Words such as liberal, liberty, libertarian, and libertine all trace their history to the Latin liber, which means free. One of the first recorded instances of the word occurs in 1375. The words early connection with the education of a medieval university soon gave way to a proliferation of different denotations and connotations. In 16th century England, liberal could have positive or negative attributes in referring to someones generosity or indiscretion, in Much Ado About Nothing, Shakespeare wrote of a liberal villaine who hath. confest his vile encounters. With the rise of the Enlightenment, the word acquired decisively more positive undertones, being defined as free from narrow prejudice in 1781, in 1815, the first use of the word liberalism appeared in English. In Spain, the Liberales, the first group to use the label in a political context. From 1820 to 1823, during the Trienio Liberal, King Ferdinand VII was compelled by the liberales to swear to uphold the Constitution, by the middle of the 19th century, liberal was used as a politicised term for parties and movements worldwide. Over time, the meaning of the word began to diverge in different parts of the world. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, In the United States, liberalism is associated with the policies of the New Deal programme of the Democratic administration of Pres
40.
Iconoclasm
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Iconoclasm is the destruction of religious icons and other images or monuments for religious or political motives. Over time, the word, usually in the form, has also come to refer to aggressive statements or actions against any well-established status quo. It is a frequent component of political or religious changes. The term does not generally encompass the destruction of images of a ruler after his death or overthrow. Conversely, one who reveres or venerates religious images is called an iconolater, in a Byzantine context, Iconoclasm may be carried out by people of a different religion, but is often the result of sectarian disputes between factions of the same religion. The Church Fathers identified Jews and Judaism with heresy and they saw deviations from orthodox Christianity and opposition to the veneration of images as heresies that were essentially Jewish in spirit. The degree of iconoclasm among Christian branches greatly varies, Islam, in general, tends to be more iconoclastic than Christianity, with Sunni Islam being more iconoclastic than Shia Islam. Akhenatens actions are described thusly, In rebellion against the old religion, public references to Akhenaten were destroyed soon after his death. Comparing the ancient Egyptians with the Israelites, Jan Assmann writes, For Egypt, in the eyes of the Israelites, the erection of images meant the destruction of divine presence, in the eyes of the Egyptians, this same effect was attained by the destruction of images. In Egypt, iconoclasm was the most terrible crime, in Israel. It is more probable that these traditions evolved under mutual influence. In this respect, Moses and Akhenaten became, after all, the period after the reign of Byzantine Emperor Justinian evidently saw a huge increase in the use of images, both in volume and quality, and a gathering aniconic reaction. In the Eastern Roman Empire, government-led iconoclasm began with Byzantine Emperor Leo III, the religious conflict created political and economic divisions in Byzantine society. It was generally supported by the Eastern, poorer, non-Greek peoples of the Empire who had to frequently with raids from the new Muslim Empire. On the other hand, the wealthier Greeks of Constantinople, and also the peoples of the Balkan and Italian provinces, within the Byzantine Empire the government had probably been adopting Christian images more frequently. One notable change came in 695, when Justinian IIs government added an image of Christ on the obverse of imperial gold coins. The change caused the Caliph Abd al-Malik to stop his earlier adoption of Byzantine coin types and he started a purely Islamic coinage with lettering only. As a result, individuals attacked statues and images, however, in most cases, civil authorities removed images in an orderly manner in the newly reformed Protestant cities and territories of Europe
41.
Snowbirds Don't Fly
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Snowbirds Dont Fly is a two-part anti-drug comic book story arc which appeared in Green Lantern/Green Arrow issues 85 and 86, published by DC Comics in 1971. The story was written by Dennis ONeil and Neal Adams, with the latter providing the art with Dick Giordano. It tells the story of Green Lantern and Green Arrow, who fight drug dealers, witnessing that Green Arrows ward Roy Speedy Harper is a drug addict and dealing with the fallout of his revelation. Considered a watershed moment in the depiction of themes in DC Comics. In the first part, Green Arrow runs into muggers who shoot him with a crossbow, strangely, the weapon is loaded with his own arrows. They think he is working undercover to bust the junkies, and it becomes evident that the stolen arrows are indeed Queens, which he shares with Harper when they fight crime together. In the second part, an enraged Green Arrow lashes out at his ward, in shame, Harper withdraws cold turkey, and one of the junkies dies of a drug overdose. Queen and Lantern tackle the kingpin of the ring, a pharmaceutics CEO who outwardly condemns drug abuse. During the 1960s, Green Lantern was on the verge of cancellation, ONeil recounted that my journalism background and laid-back social activism had led me to wonder if I couldnt combine those things with what I did for a living. So this was my chance to see if this idea I had would work and it was a situation where nobody had anything to lose. And I think that writing about things that really concerned me pulled out of me a higher level of craft, also, it gave me real problems to solve in terms of craft which I hadnt faced before. The first of these socially motivated Green Lantern/Green Arrow stories was written with Gil Kane slated to be the artist, ONeil recounted, I saw people nodding out from heroin every day on the street. I had friends with drug problems, people coming over at 3 a. m. with the shakes, when Adams first drew the cover showing Speedy with heroin paraphernalia, editor Julius Schwartz rejected it, since it would not have been approved by the Comics Code Authority. ONeil said that Schwartz was very supportive during his run on Green Lantern, then, Amazing Spider-Man #96-98 was published by rival comic publishing house Marvel Comics, which showed major supporting character Harry Osborn struggling with drug addiction. It was the first comic from a publisher to be published without the Comics Code Authoritys seal of approval since 1954. Adams said, We could have done it first and been the ones to make a big move. Popping a pill and walking off a roof isnt the sort of thing that really happens, anyway, the publishers at DC, Marvel and the rest called a meeting, and in three weeks, the Comics Code was completely rewritten. Questioned why Roy Harper was chosen to illustrate drug abuse, ONeil said that We chose Roy for maximum emotional impact and we thought an established good guy in the throes of addiction would be stronger than we
42.
Speedy (comics)
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Speedy is the name of two DC Comics superheroes, fictional characters that have each served as teenaged sidekicks for the Green Arrow. The original Speedys real name was Roy Harper, Jr and he first appeared in More Fun Comics #73, where he was identified as the orphaned son of Roy Harper, Sr. a forest ranger who had died saving a Navajo medicine chief named Brave Bow from a fire. Brave Bow raised the younger Roy himself, training him at archery, Roy Jr. took to this training eagerly, and idolized the archer superhero, Green Arrow. Following the death of Brave Bow, Green Arrow asked Roy to serve as his sidekick, Harper became the ward of Green Arrows alter ego, billionaire Oliver Queen. Harper also became a member of the Teen Titans. Roy spent some time in the Suicide Squad before returning to the Titans and he fathered a daughter by the villainess Cheshire, and eventually took the name Arsenal in New Teen Titans #99. In Justice League of America #1, he is referred to as Red Arrow. Mia Dearden was introduced in Green Arrow #2 in 2001, Mia was a teenaged girl who ran from her home after being abused by her father and fell into child prostitution. Mia was rescued from one of her clients by Oliver Queen, Mia began to secretly train with Connor Hawke in archery and combat. Mia continually petitioned Green Arrow to allow her to serve as his sidekick, Mia redoubled her efforts and Green Arrow finally allowed her to become the new Speedy. Shortly thereafter, she joined the Teen Titans and she has since left the team. Speedy has a variety of trick arrows, most famously his punching glove arrow which is capable of knocking out villains. Speedy also has several other arrows ranging from sleeping gas arrows, exploding arrows, along with his excellent archery skills, Speedy has mastered several different types of hand-to-hand combat including judo, kickboxing, and karate. As Arsenal, Roy Harper displayed proficiency with a range of weapons, such as guns, truncheons. He also became a master of Moo Gi Gong, allowing him to use virtually any object as a makeshift weapon. Roy Harper can speak Japanese and can understand Russian, there was an Earth-Two version of Speedy who was a member of the Seven Soldiers of Victory and All-Star Squadron in the 1940s along with his mentor Green Arrow. He and his teammates were later retrieved by the Justice Society, years after returning to the present, Speedy came out of retirement, along with his mentor who died during the Crisis on Infinite Earths. This Speedy has not been seen since this time, Speedy appeared in Season 9 of Smallville in the episode Crossfire
43.
Roy Harper (comics)
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Roy Harper is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Roy is one of DCs most longstanding characters, originating in 1940s comics as Speedy, like his mentor Green Arrow, Roy is a world-class archer and athlete who uses his exceptional marksmanship to fight crime. Along with other prominent DC Comics superhero sidekicks, he goes on to found the superhero group Teen Titans. As an adult, Roy casts off his Speedy identity to himself as the superhero Arsenal. Roys profile as a hero has varied over the years, in 2013, ComicsAlliance ranked Harper as #50 on their list of the 50 Sexiest Male Characters in Comics. The character has been adapted for video games and animation several times, the character first appeared as Green Arrows teenage sidekick Speedy, a name by which he was known for over fifty years, in More Fun Comics #73 and was created by Mort Weisinger and George Papp. Roy Harper was raised by Brave Bow, a Navajo medicine chief, after his father, under Brave Bows tutelage, Roy became a remarkable archer. After Brave Bows death, Roy was adopted by Green Arrow and became his sidekick, Speedy joined Robin, Kid Flash, Aqualad and Wonder Girl in the newly formed Teen Titans, a group originally formed from the various teen sidekicks active in DC comics at that time. Speedy was initially a member and began dating Donna Troy. Some time later, however, Roys fortunes took a turn for the worse, the Titans disbanded, Roy and Donna broke up, and then Green Arrow both lost his fortune and began neglecting Roy. While Green Arrow was away on an adventure with Green Lantern and Black Canary, Roy became addicted to heroin. 2, #85–86 in September and November 1971, once Roys secret was discovered, Green Arrow angrily punched him and then threw Roy out on the street. Green Lantern later found him and left him in the care of Black Canary, soon after, he had a confrontation with Green Arrow that caused the two of them to stop working together. While still helping the Teen Titans on occasional missions, Roy frequently worked as a counselor for various anti-drug programs, during this time, Roy established government contacts, and was soon hired by the Central Bureau of Investigations as a drug enforcement agent. Roy was given an assignment to go undercover and gain the trust of the villain Cheshire, the intention was to turn Cheshire over to the authorities, but the two fell in love and had an affair. Roy could not bring himself to turn her in, but he was concerned that his presence endangered Cheshires life, so he left her, Roy eventually learned that he was the father of her daughter Lian. He went on a mission with Nightwing to track down Cheshire, Roy was captured by Cheshire and then freed by Nightwing, who also brought Roys daughter. Cheshire had left Lian in Roys care, Roy Harper later returned to the Titans, and was appointed leader by Sarge Steel
44.
Heroin
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Heroin, also known as diamorphine among other names, is an opiate typically used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects. Medically it is used to relieve pain and as a form of opioid replacement therapy alongside counseling. Heroin is typically injected, usually into a vein, however, onset of effects is usually rapid and lasts for a few hours. Common side effects include respiratory depression and about a quarter of those who use heroin become physically dependent, other side effects can include abscesses, infected heart valves, blood borne infections, constipation, and pneumonia. After a history of use, withdrawal symptoms can begin within hours of last use. When given by injection into a vein, heroin has two to three times the effect as a dose of morphine. It typically comes as a white or brown powder, treatment of heroin addiction often includes behavioral therapy and medications. Medications used may include methadone or naltrexone, a heroin overdose may be treated with naloxone. An estimated 17 million people as of 2015 use opiates such as heroin, the total number of opiate users has increased from 1998 to 2007 after which it has remained more or less stable. In the United States about 1.6 percent of people have used heroin at some point in time, when people die from overdosing on a drug, the drug is usually an opioid. Heroin was first made by C. R. Alder Wright in 1874 from morphine, internationally, heroin is controlled under Schedules I and IV of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. It is generally illegal to make, possess, or sell heroin without a license, in 2015 Afghanistan produced about 66% of the worlds opium. Often heroin, which is sold, is mixed with other substances such as sugar or strychnine. The original trade name of heroin is typically used in non-medical settings and it is used as a recreational drug for the euphoria it induces. Anthropologist Michael Agar once described heroin as the perfect whatever drug, tolerance develops quickly, and increased doses are needed in order to achieve the same effects. Its popularity with recreational users, compared to morphine, reportedly stems from its perceived different effects. In particular, users report an intense rush, an acute transcendent state of euphoria, while other opioids of recreational use produce only morphine, heroin also leaves 6-MAM, also a psycho-active metabolite. Equipotent injected doses had comparable action courses, with no difference in subjects self-rated feelings of euphoria, ambition, nervousness, relaxation, drowsiness, short-term addiction studies by the same researchers demonstrated that tolerance developed at a similar rate to both heroin and morphine
