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History
Guifang
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Guifang was an ancient ethnonym for a northern people that fought against the Shang Dynasty. Chinese historical tradition used various names, at different periods, for northern tribes such as Guifang, Rong, Di, Xunyu, Xianyun, or Xiongnu peoples. This Chinese exonym combines gui and fang, a suffix referring to "non-Shang or enemy countries that existed in and beyond the borders of the Shang polity."
Anthropomorphic axe, bronze, excavated in the tomb of Heibo (潶伯), a military noble in charge of protecting the northern frontier, at Baicaopo, Lingtai
Anthropomorphic axe, bronze, excavated in the tomb of Heibo (潶伯), a military noble in charge of protecting the northern frontier, at Baicaopo, Lingtai County, Western Zhou period (1045–771 BCE). Gansu Museum. This is considered as a possible Chinese depiction of a Xianyun or Guifang.
Shang dynasty curved bronze knives with turquoise inlays and animal pommel. 12th-11th century BCE. Such knives may be the result of contacts with nort
Shang dynasty curved bronze knives with turquoise inlays and animal pommel. 12th-11th century BCE. Such knives may be the result of contacts with northern people.
Shang dynasty Bronze ibex-headed knife with ring, 13th-11th century BCE. These weapons, already found in the tomb of Fu Hao at the time of the Shang E
Shang dynasty Bronze ibex-headed knife with ring, 13th-11th century BCE. These weapons, already found in the tomb of Fu Hao at the time of the Shang Emperor Wu Ding (died c. 1190 BCE), are similar to those of the steppes.
Seima-Turbino socketed spearheads with single side hook started to appear in China circa 2100 BCE
Seima-Turbino socketed spearheads with single side hook started to appear in China circa 2100 BCE
Shang dynasty
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The Shang dynasty, also known as the Yin dynasty, was a Chinese royal dynasty that ruled in the Yellow River valley during the second millennium BC, traditionally succeeding the Xia dynasty and followed by the Western Zhou dynasty. The classic account of the Shang comes from texts such as the Book of Documents, Bamboo Annals and Records of the Grand Historian. Modern scholarship dates the dynasty between the 16th and 11th centuries BC, with more agreement surrounding the end date than beginning date.
Shang nephrite statuette depicting a standing dignitary, dating between the 12th and 11th centuries BC, housed at the Arthur M. Sackler Museum at Harv
Shang nephrite statuette depicting a standing dignitary, dating between the 12th and 11th centuries BC, housed at the Arthur M. Sackler Museum at Harvard University
Jade deer dating to the Shang dynasty, in the collection of the Shanghai Museum
Jade deer dating to the Shang dynasty, in the collection of the Shanghai Museum
Shang jade human figure, tomb of Fu Hao (d.c.1200 BCE). Probably derived from a design of the Seima-Turbino culture.
Shang jade human figure, tomb of Fu Hao (d.c.1200 BCE). Probably derived from a design of the Seima-Turbino culture.
A pit at Yinxu containing oracle bones ceremonially buried after divination
A pit at Yinxu containing oracle bones ceremonially buried after divination