1.
Cheonan
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Cheonan is a city located in the northeast corner of South Chungcheong, a province of South Korea, and is 83.6 km south of the capital, Seoul. The average temperature in the city is 12. 5oC, with a high of 34. 2oC. At the Korail station in the center, the Gyeongbu Line crosses north to south. It is also part of Seoul Subway Line 1 and the KTX, land routes open in all directions, including north to Seoul, west to Asan, south to Gwangju and Daejeon, and east to Daegu and Busan. Cheonan’s Samgeori park has been noted as a point of transportation. Cheonan was a small town for much of the early half of the 20th century. As a transportation center, it was the site of an engagement in the Korean War. Then, in 1963 three municipal districts in the area that were growing in size were merged and promoted to the category of si, meaning city, thus the City of Cheonan was born, comprising the populations of Cheonan-gun, Cheonan-eup and Hwanseong-myeon. Over the next two decades, the city grew in size by incorporating neighboring populations, including that of Byeongcheon-myeon in 1973, in 1975 the city renamed 10 branch offices to 10 dongs, representing the major administrative regions of the city. The city continued to expand, absorbing neighboring ri, myeon, in 2002 a city ordinance promoted the northern fringe village of Jiksan-myeon and the southern fringe village of Mokcheon-myeon into Jiksan-eup and Mokcheon-eup. Including all of its regions, the city now covers a total area of 636.25 km2. The city is flanked to the east by the Charyeong Mountains, some of the mountains in the citys vicinity include Malloesan, Seonggeosan, Taejosan, Heukseongsan, Gwangdeoksan, and Manggyeongsan. The city itself is flat, with only a few areas, such as Anseon-dong. The climate of Cheonan is similar to that of neighboring Seoul, Suwon, or Daejeon, Cheonan experiences a four season weather cycle, with moderately high summer temperatures and moderately low temperatures and snowfall in winter. City Tree, Weeping willow City Flower, Golden bell flower City Bird, Dove City Animal, opened on August 15,1987 and made possible by private donations, it is a meant both as a reminder of Korea’s colonial past and as a means of building nationalist spirit. The hall stands on 980 acres of landscaped grounds, as well as the exhibits, visitors can see the Grand Hall of the Nation, the Monument to the Nation, and the Unification Bell. Cheonan’s Postal Museum displays postal artifacts and material dating back to 1884, the entire history of the Korean postal service is on display, complete with photographs and letter carrying paraphernalia. The museum was not constructed here, but rather moved from Seoul in February 2004 to its current home in the Ministry of Information and Communication Officials Training Institute in Cheonan, Gagwonsa Buddhist temple is located on Mt. Taejosan
2.
Anseong
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Anseong is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea,80 kilometres south of Seoul. Its geographical location is 37°0′N 127°16′E, Anseong promotes itself as The City of Masters. It is known for producing brassware and arts and crafts, from late spring to fall, Anseong holds its own Namsadang Neuri Festival. The agriculture of Anseong consists of Asian pears grapes, ginseng, in 1963, Gosam town of Yongin was incorporateded by Anseong. At that time, Anseong was a county, in 1983,6 towns ceded by Anseong and attached as a district of Pyeongtak. In 1998, Anseong county became Anseong city
3.
Yongin
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Yongin is a major city in the Seoul Capital Area, located in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. With a population of nearly 1 million, the city has developed abruptly since the 21st century, Yongin is home to Everland and Caribbean Bay, South Koreas most popular amusement and water parks. The city is home to the Korean Folk Village, the largest of its kind. Yongin is a city almost as large as Seoul by area, consisting of the highly urbanized districts of Suji-gu and Giheung-gu and the semi-urbanized district of Cheoin-gu. The Shinbundang Line with a speed of 110 km/h extended to Suji-gu in January 2016. The Bundang Line extended south to Giheung Station in December 2011, in December 2013, the Bundang Line extended to Suwon Station of Seoul Subway Line 1. The Gyeonggi Suwon International School, an IB World School with a program for foreign students, is situated on the border of Yongin. The city is divided into three gu, Cheoin District Giheung District Suji District Yongin is served by trains on the Seoul Metropolitan Subway. The Bundang Line has been extended into Yongin, calling at Jukjeon, Bojeong, Guseong, Singal, Giheung and Sanggal stations, and it has been extended towards Suwon Station, in Suwon. From 2016 onwards, the inner Suji area will also be served by four new Shinbundang Line stations, Yongin has an intercity bus terminal in the city centre, though the densely settled northern areas are served better by the terminal in Yatap-dong, Seongnam. Although there is evidence of settlement here as far back as the fifth century. Viewing tours are available, which includes traditional games, historical court dress. List of cities in South Korea City government website Yongin, Official Seoul City Tourism
4.
Expressways in South Korea
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Expressways in South Korea, officially called as National expressways, were originally numbered in order of construction. S. Highway shields and colored like Interstate shields with red, white and blue, arterial routes are designated by two-digit numbers, with north-south routes having odd numbers, and east-west routes having even numbers. Primary routes have 5 or 0 as their last digit, while secondary routes end in other digits, branch routes have three-digit route numbers, where the first two digits match the route number of an arterial route. Belt lines have three-digit route numbers where the first digit matches the respective citys postal code, Route numbers in the range 70–99 are not used in South Korea, they are reserved for designations in the event of Korean reunification. The Gyeongbu Expressway kept its Route 1 designation, as it is South Koreas first and most important expressway, a numbering scheme of expressways in South Korea changed in 2001. Before 2001, roads are numbered as order of its approval and this list below is the lines by the old scheme. Note that name, origin and terminus of lines are changed with numbering scheme. Since June 1,1972, all motorcycles except police motorcycles are prohibited from driving on expressways in South Korea, before 1972, motorcycles with an engine displacement greater than 250 cc were permitted on expressways. Since March 15,1992, all motorcycles except police motorcycles have been banned from other roads designated for motor vehicles only. These roads are marked by a blue sign with a white silhouette of a car. Highway system in South Korea National highways of South Korea Local highways of South Korea Motorways of North Korea MOLIT – South Korean Government Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport
5.
South Korea
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South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea, is a sovereign state in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The earliest Korean pottery dates to 8000 BC, with three kingdoms flourishing in the 1st century BC and its rich and vibrant culture left 19 UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritages of Humanity, the third largest in the world, along with 12 World Heritage Sites. Annexed into Imperial Japan in 1910, Korea was divided after its surrender in 1945, peace has since mostly continued with the two agreeing to work peacefully for reunification and the South solidifying peace as a regional power with the worlds 10th largest defence budget. South Koreas tiger economy soared at an average of 10% for over 30 years in a period of rapid transformation called the Miracle on the Han River. A long legacy of openness and focus on innovation made it successful, today, it is the worlds fifth largest exporter with the G20s largest budget surplus and highest credit rating of any country in East Asia. It has free trade agreements with 75% of the economy and is the only G20 nation trading freely with China, the US. Since 1988, its constitution guarantees a liberal democracy with high government transparency, high personal freedoms led to the rise of a globally influential pop culture such as K-pop and K-drama, a phenomenon called the Korean Wave, known for its distinctive fashionable and trendy style. Home of the UN Green Climate Fund and GGGI, South Korea is a leader in low carbon growth, committed to helping developing countries as a major DAC. It is the third least ignorant country in the Index of Ignorance, ranking eighth highest for peaceful tolerance. It is the worlds largest spender on R&D per GDP, leading the OECD in graduates in science, the name Korea derives from the name Goryeo. The name Goryeo itself was first used by the ancient kingdom of Goguryeo in the 5th century as a form of its name. The 10th-century kingdom of Goryeo succeeded Goguryeo, and thus inherited its name, the modern spelling of Korea first appeared in the late 17th century in the travel writings of the Dutch East India Companys Hendrick Hamel. After Goryeo was replaced by Joseon in 1392, Joseon became the name for the entire territory. The new official name has its origin in the ancient country of Gojoseon, in 1897, the Joseon dynasty changed the official name of the country from Joseon to Daehan Jeguk. The name Daehan, which means great Han literally, derives from Samhan, however, the name Joseon was still widely used by Koreans to refer to their country, though it was no longer the official name. Under Japanese rule, the two names Han and Joseon coexisted, there were several groups who fought for independence, the most notable being the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. Following the surrender of Japan, in 1945, the Republic of Korea was adopted as the name for the new country. Since the government only controlled the part of the Korean Peninsula
6.
Suwon
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Suwon is the capital and largest metropolis of Gyeonggi-do, South Koreas most populous province which surrounds Seoul, the national capital. Suwon lies about 30 kilometres south of Seoul and it is traditionally known as The City of Filial Piety. With a population close to 1.2 million, it is larger than Ulsan, Suwon has existed in various forms throughout Koreas history, growing from a small settlement to become a major industrial and cultural center. It is the remaining completely walled city in South Korea. The city walls are one of the popular tourist destinations in Gyeonggi Province. Samsung Electronics R&D center and headquarters are based in Suwon, the city is served by two motorways, the national railway network, and the Seoul Metropolitan Subway. Suwon is an educational center, home to 11 universities. Suwon is home to football club Suwon Samsung Bluewings, which have won the K-league on four occasions, the KT Wiz of the Korea Baseball Organization also plays in Suwon. In ancient tribal times, Suwon was known as Mosu-guk, during the Three Kingdoms era, however, the area comprising modern Suwon and Hwaseong City was called Maehol-gun. In 757, under King Gyeongdeok of the Unified Silla, the name was changed to Suseong-gun, in 940 during the Goryeo dynasty] changed again in to Suju. King Taejong of the Joseon dynasty renamed the city to Suwon in 1413, in 1592, during the Imjin wars, Commander Yi Kwang attempted to launch his army toward the capital city, Seoul. The army was withdrawn, however, after news that the city had already been sacked reached the commander, later, during the Joseon Dynasty, King Jeongjo made an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to make Suwon the nations capital in 1796. The walls were one of Koreas first examples of paid labour, the walls still exist today, though they were damaged severely during the Korean War. Hwaseong originally was constructed under the guidance of philosopher Jeong Yag-yong, shortly after the death of King Jeongjo, a white paper detailing the construction of the fortress was published. This proved invaluable during its reconstruction in the 1970s, the fortress walls once encircled the entire city, but modern urban growth has seen the city spread out far beyond the fortress. The walls are now a designated UNESCO World Heritage site, the Korean War greatly affected Suwon, as the city changed hands four times. Very shortly after the outbreak of war, the 49th Fighter Wing of the United States Air Force was dispatched to Korea from Japan and its first task was to evacuate civilians from Suwon and Gimpo, but Suwon soon fell to the advancing North Koreans. Shortly before the Battle of Osan, the first conflict between United States and North Korean forces, on July 4,1950, defenses were erected on the road between Suwon and nearby Osan, the next day, Northern troops advanced south
7.
Park Chung-hee
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Park Chung-hee was a South Korean president and military general who led South Korea as a dictator from 1961 until his assassination in 1979. In 1972, Park declared martial law and recast the constitution into a highly authoritarian document, after surviving several assassination attempts, including two operations associated with North Korea, Park was assassinated on 26 October 1979 by Kim Jae-gyu, the chief of his own security services. He had led South Korea for 18 years, Parks first-born daughter, Park Geun-hye, later served as the 11th President of South Korea until her impeachment. Park was born on 14 November 1917, in Gumi, North Gyeongsang in Korea under Japanese rule, to parents Park Sung-bin and he was the youngest of five brothers and two sisters in a poor Yangban family. As a youth, he won admission to a school in Daegu and worked as a teacher in Mungyeong-eup after graduating with a teaching degree. During this time, he adopted the Japanese name Takagi Masao and he graduated top of his class in 1942 and was recognized as a talented officer by his Japanese instructors, who recommended him for further studies at the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in Japan. He changed his name again from Takagi Masao to Okamoto Minoru in order to engage in activities against Korean guerrillas operating in the region. The Japanese used Korean turncoats to suppress Korean armed resistance, Park returned to Korea after the war and enrolled at the Korea Military Academy. He graduated in the class of 1946 and became an officer in the constabulary army under the United States Army Military Government in South Korea. The newly established South Korean government, under the leadership of Syngman Rhee, Park was subsequently sentenced to death by a military court, but his sentence was commuted by Rhee at the urging of several high-ranking Korean military officers. While Park had been a member of the South Korean Workers Party, nevertheless, he was forced out of the army. After the Korean War began and with help from Paik Sun-Yup and he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in September 1950 and to colonel in April 1951. As a colonel, Park was the deputy director of the Army Headquarters Intelligence Bureau in 1952 before switching to artillery, by the time the war ended in 1953, Park had risen to become a brigadier general. After the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement, Park was selected for training at Fort Sill in the United States. After returning to Korea, Park rose rapidly in the military hierarchy and he was the head of the Armys Artillery School and commanded the 5th and 7th Divisions of the South Korean army before his promotion to major general in 1958. Park was then appointed Chief of Staff of the First Army and made the head of the Korean 1st and 6th District Command, which gave him responsibility for the defense of Seoul. In 1960, Park became commander of the Pusan Logistics Command before becoming Chief of the Operations Staff of the South Korean Army, as such, he was one of the most powerful and influential figures in the military. On 25 April 1960, Syngman Rhee, the authoritarian inaugural President of South Korea, was forced out of office and into exile following the April 19 Movement, a new democratic government took office on 13 August 1960
8.
High-occupancy vehicle lane
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The normal minimum occupancy level is 2 or 3 occupants. Regional and corporate-sponsored vanpools, carpools, and rideshare communities give commuters a way to increase occupancy, for places without such services, online rideshare communities can serve a similar purpose. Slugging lines are common in places, where solo drivers pick up a passenger to share the ride. High-occupancy toll lanes have been introduced in the United States to allow solo driver vehicles to use the lane on payment of a variable fee, the introduction of HOV lanes in the United States progressed slowly during the 1970s and early 1980s. Major growth occurred from the mid-1980s to the late 1990s, the busway was opened in December 1973 to carpools with four or more occupants, becoming the first instance in which buses and carpools officially shared a HOV lane over a considerable distance. Average travel time in the HOV facility was 29 minutes, and 64 minutes in the traffic lanes. Three or more people in a vehicle are required to travel on the facility during rush hours on weekdays, the second freeway HOV facility was the contraflow bus lane on the Lincoln Tunnel Approach and Helix in Hudson County, New Jersey, opened in 1970. The first permanent HOV facility in California was the lane at the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge toll plaza. The El Monte Busway in Los Angeles was initially available for buses when it opened in 1973. Three-person carpools were allowed to use the bus lane for three months in 1974 due to a strike by bus operators, and then permanently at a 3+ HOV from 1976. Beginning in the 1970s, the Urban Mass Transit Administration recognized the advantages of exclusive bus lanes, in the 1970s the FHWA began to allow state highway agencies to spend federal funds on HOV lanes. As a result of the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo, interest in ridesharing picked up, the 1978 Surface Transportation Assistance Act made funding for rideshare initiatives permanent. Also during the early 1970s, ridesharing was recommended for the first time as a tool to mitigate air quality problems, the 1970 Clean Air Act Amendments established the National Ambient Air Quality Standards and gave the Environmental Protection Agency substantial authority to regulate air quality attainment. However, it took until 1985 before any HOV project was constructed in Los Angeles County, regional administrators were directed to promote HOV lanes and related facilities. Also in the early 1990s, two laws reinforced the U. S. commitment to HOV lane construction, the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 included HOV lanes as one of the transportation control measures that could be included in state implementation plans to attain federal air quality standards. CMAQ funds may be spent on new HOV lane construction, even if the HOV designation holds only at peak times or in the peak direction. ISTEA also provided that under the Interstate Maintenance Program, only HOV projects would receive the 90% federal matching ratio formerly available for the addition of general purpose lanes, and ISTEA permitted state authorities to define a high occupancy vehicle as having a minimum of two occupants. As of 2009, California was the state with the most HOV facilities in the country, with 88, followed by Minnesota with 83 facilities, Washington with 41, Texas with 35, and Virginia with 21
9.
Interstate Highway System
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The Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways is a network of controlled-access highways that forms a part of the National Highway System of the United States. The system is named for President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who championed its formation, construction was authorized by the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, and the original portion was completed 35 years later, although some urban routes were cancelled and never built. The network has since been extended and, as of 2013, as of 2013, about one-quarter of all vehicle miles driven in the country use the Interstate system. In 2006, the cost of construction was estimated at about $425 billion, the nations revenue needs associated with World War I prevented any significant implementation of this policy, which expired in 1921. In the plan, Mehren proposed a 50, 000-mile system, the system would include two percent of all roads and would pass through every state at a cost of $25,000 per mile, providing commercial as well as military transport benefits. As the landmark 1916 law expired, new legislation was passed—the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921 and this new road construction initiative once again provided for federal matching funds for road construction and improvement, $75 million allocated annually. The Bureau of Public Roads asked the Army to provide a list of roads that it considered necessary for national defense. A boom in construction followed throughout the decade of the 1920s. As automobile traffic increased, planners saw a need for such a national system to supplement the existing, largely non-freeway. By the late 1930s, planning had expanded to a system of new superhighways, in 1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave Thomas MacDonald, chief at the Bureau of Public Roads, a hand-drawn map of the United States marked with eight superhighway corridors for study. He recognized that the system would also provide key ground transport routes for military supplies. The publication in 1955 of the General Location of National System of Interstate Highways, informally known as the Yellow Book, assisting in the planning was Charles Erwin Wilson, who was still head of General Motors when President Eisenhower selected him as Secretary of Defense in January 1953. The Interstate Highway System was authorized on June 29,1956 by the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, popularly known as the National Interstate, three states have claimed the title of first Interstate Highway. Missouri claims that the first three contracts under the new program were signed in Missouri on August 2,1956, the first contract signed was for upgrading a section of US Route 66 to what is now designated Interstate 44. On August 13,1956, Missouri awarded the first contract based on new Interstate Highway funding, kansas claims that it was the first to start paving after the act was signed. Preliminary construction had taken place before the act was signed, the state marked its portion of I-70 as the first project in the United States completed under the provisions of the new Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956. The Pennsylvania Turnpike could also be considered one of the first Interstate Highways, on October 1,1940,162 miles of the highway now designated I‑70 and I‑76 opened between Irwin and Carlisle. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania refers to the turnpike as the Granddaddy of the Pikes, October 12,1979, The final section of the Canada to Mexico freeway Interstate 5 is dedicated near Stockton, California
National Route 7
National Route 47.svg){kind=small}
Yangjae-Hannam Motorway (from Yangjae IC to Hannam IC)
Byeonyeong-ro
Busan Ring Expressway
Jungang Expressway Branch
National Route 35
Ulsan Expressway
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National Route 20
National Route 4
Jungang Expressway
Iksan-Pohang Expressway
National Route 5
Jungbu Naeryuk Expressway Branch
Local Route 79
National Route 33
Jungbu Naeryuk Expressway
Tongyeong-Daejeon Expressway
Daejeon Southern Ring Expressway
National Route 17
Dangjin-Yeongdeok Expressway
Honam Expressway Branch
National Route 36
Asan-Cheongju Expressway
National Route 21
Nonsan-Cheonan Expressway
National Route 1
National Route 34
National Route 38
Pyeongtaek–Jecheon Expressway
Capital Region 2nd Ring Expressway
Suwon-Munsan Expressway
National Route 43
National Route 42
Yeongdong Expressway
Seoul Ring Expressway
