1.
Geumjeong District
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Geumjeong District is a district in north central Busan, South Korea. Approximately 7. 3% of Busans population is in Geumjeong-gu, the Hoedong Reservoir is located on the districts eastern boundary, and the mountain Geumjeongsan on the west. Because of this, 75% of the land is restricted from residential development. The districts population is concentrated in the valley of the Oncheoncheon stream, notable landmarks include Beomeosa, a Buddhist temple dating to the Silla dynasty, and Geumjeongsan, the mountain which overlooks much of the district. Geumjeongsan is topped by the walls of the Geumjeongsanseong, which were built in the Joseon Dynasty, several colleges and universities are located in Geumjeong-gu. The most prominent of these is Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu serves as a nexus of transit connections between central Busan and the rest of Korea. The northern end of Busan Subway Line 1 lies in Nopo-dong, in addition, the southern terminus of the Gyeongbu Expressway lies within the district. For most of its history, Geumjeong was officially part of Dongnae, Geumjeong-gu was formed by separation from Dongnae in 1988
2.
National Route 7 (South Korea)
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National Route 7 is a national highway in South Korea. It connects Busan with Goseong in Gangwon Province, before the division of the Korean Peninsula, the highway ran until Onsong, North Hamgyong Province, in present-day North Korea. This highway will be one of the Asia Highway Route 6 until all segments of Donghae Expressway opens to traffic and its name in Pohang~Goseong is Donghae-daero. 31 November 1979, Samcheok~Pohang segment opens to traffic,29 December 2010, All segment of Route 7 widen 4 lanes. In de jure, the passes through South & North Hamgyong Province. By this highway, it throughs Hwasong concentration camp and this fact can be proved via Google Maps
3.
Seocho District
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Seocho District is one of the 25 gu which make up the city of Seoul, South Korea. Seocho is generally referred to as a part of Greater Gangnam Area, along with Gangnam District, Seocho District is served by the Seoul Subway Line 2, Line 3, Line 4, Line 7, Bundang Line, and Line 9. South Koreas longest highway, Gyeongbu Expressway, ends here, in South Korea, there are two types of dong or neighborhoods, one of which is called Beopjeong-dong denoting dong designated by law. The other is called Haengjeong-dong referring to dong assigned for administrative purpose, wonji-dong is a beopjeong-dong of Seocho District but is administered by the Yangjae 2-dong office. Seocho 1-dong is one of hangjeong-dongs of Seocho-dong, Seocho Samsung Town in Seocho-dong, near Gangnam Station, is the headquarters of several corporations of the Samsung Group including Samsung Electronics. Also in DaeRyung Scecho Tower is the headquarters of South Korean skincare and it is also the location of the infamous Sampoong Department Store collapse of 1995. K-pop label Starship Entertainment is also located in the area, of Education - Seocho - Bangbae → Seoul Subway Line 3 ← Jamwon - Express Bus Terminal - Seoul National Univ
4.
Yangsan
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Yangsan is a city in Gyeongsangnam-do Province, South Korea. Currently, Yangsan is made up of 1 Eup,4 Myeon, there are plans, however, to create a new Ungsang-eup, which would include 4 dong. Yangsan is home to attractions, including Tongdosa Temple, Yangsan Tower. Yangsan has two stations on the Gyeongbu Line, Mulgeum Station and Wondong Station, the nearest KTX stations are Ulsan Station in Ulsan and Gupo Station in Busan. Busan Subway Line 2 serves the city, with four currently operating, Yangsan Station, Namyangsan Station, Busan National University Yangsan Campus Station. Two additional stations are currently planned, the city of Yangsan is served by a local bus system. In addition to serving the city itself, there are local buses to Busan, as well as inter-city lines connecting to Ulsan, Changwon, Gyeongju. The Gyeongbu Expressway and the Jungang Expressway Branch Line run through the city of Yangsan, in addition, National Route 35 bisects the city center. Jindo County, South Jeolla, South Korea Yurihonjō, Akita, Japan List of cities in South Korea City government website
5.
Ulsan
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Ulsan, officially the Ulsan Metropolitan City, is South Koreas seventh largest metropolis with a population of over 1.1 million. It is located in the south-east of the country, neighboring Busan to the south, in 2012, Ulsan had a GDP per capita of $79,623, the highest of any region in South Korea. Up to 1962, Ulsan operated as a port and market centre. As part of South Koreas first five-year economic plan, Ulsan became an open port, additionally, major industrial plants and factories were developed, including in particular an oil refinery, fertiliser plants, automobile production and heavy industries. The shipbuilding port Bangeojin became part of the city in 1962, the city transport department plans to build a light-rail line and the public transportation system is as good as any other major Korean city. The bus system shows a particular ETA at most bus stops, Ulsan Airport, constructed in 1970 and expanded in 1997, has more than 20 flights per day to and from Seouls Gimpo International Airport and 4 flights per week to and from Jeju International Airport. In November 2010, Koreas high-speed train network, the KTX, was extended to Ulsan and this provides a high-speed link to Seoul, with a running time of just over 2 hours. The new KTX station is in nearby Eonyang, with a series of buses as well as some city buses serving the new station. The original city station has been renamed Taehwa River Station, Ulsan was home to another football team, Ulsan Hyundai Mipo Dolphin FC, which played in the Korea National League until 2016, when it was dissolved. It is also home to the University of Ulsan, Ulsan also hosts Korean Basketball League team Ulsan Mobis Phoebus. Their home ground is Dongchun Gymnasium, which located in jung-gu ulsan, Ulsan is bounded on the east by the Sea of Japan. Busan is 70 km to the south, Ulsan has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate, with somewhat cold but dry winters, and hot, humid summers. Monthly means range from 2.0 °C in January to 25.9 °C in August and its location on the Korean peninsula results in a seasonal lag, with the warmest days being in August and averaging very near 30 °C. Precipitation is relatively low in the months, but is made up by the high rainfall falling from April to September. Yeongnam Alps There are 7 tall mountains over 1, 000m above sea level, sinbulsan Ridge, which changes to a fantastic silver grass field in autumn, is one of the best sights to see in the Yeongnam Alps. Eoksae festival is held every early October in Ganwoljae which is best known for its colony of silver grass, oegosan Onggi village Koreas largest traditional folk Onggi village creates a unique scene as the whole village is made of earthware. You can see the first-hand traditional Onggi manufacturing process including Onggi workshops, try your hand at making Onggi. The Ulsan Onggi museum offers a variety of related to Onggi
6.
Gyeongju
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Gyeongju, historically known as Seorabeol, is a coastal city in the far southeastern corner of North Gyeongsang Province in South Korea. It is the second largest city by area in the province after Andong, covering 1,324 km2 with a population of 264,091 people Gyeongju is 370 km southeast of Seoul, and 55 km east of Daegu. The city borders Cheongdo and Yeongcheon to the west, Ulsan to the south and Pohang to the north, numerous low mountains—outliers of the Taebaek range—are scattered around the city. Gyeongju was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Silla which ruled about two-thirds of the Korean Peninsula between the 7th and 9th centuries, later Silla was a prosperous and wealthy country, and its metropolitan capital of Gyeongju was the fourth largest city in the world. A vast number of sites and cultural properties from this period remain in the city. Gyeongju is often referred to as the museum without walls, among such historical treasures, Seokguram grotto, Bulguksa temple, Gyeongju Historic Areas and Yangdong Folk Village are designated as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. The many major sites have helped Gyeongju become one of the most popular tourist destinations in South Korea. The city of Gyeongju was united with the nearby rural Gyeongju County in 1995 and is now an urban–rural complex and it is similar to 53 other small- and medium-sized cities with a population under 300,000 people in South Korea. As well as its historical heritage, Gyeongju today is affected by the economic, demographic. Tourism remains the economic driver, but manufacturing activities have developed due to its proximity to major industrial centers such as Ulsan. Gyeongju is connected to the rail and highway networks, which facilitate industrial. The early history of Gyeongju is closely tied to that of the Silla kingdom, Gyeongju first enters non-Korean records as Saro-guk, during the Samhan period in the early Common Era. Korean records, probably based on the chronicles of Silla, record that Saro-guk was established in 57 BCE. As the kingdom expanded, it changed its name to Silla, during the Silla period, the city was called Seorabeol, Gyerim or Geumseong. After the unification of the peninsula up to Taedong River in 668 AD, the city was home to the Silla court and the great majority of the kingdoms elite. Its prosperity became legendary, and was reported as far away as Persia according to the 9th century book The Book of Roads, records of Samguk Yusa give the citys population in its peak period as 178,936 households, suggesting that the total population was almost one million. Many of Gyeongjus most famous sites date from this Unified Silla period, in 940, the founder of Goryeo, King Taejo, changed the citys name to Gyeongju, which literally means Congratulatory district. In 987, as Goryeo introduced a system in three additional capitals were established in politically important provinces outside Gaegyeong, and Gyeongju was designated as Donggyeong
7.
Yeongcheon
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Yeongcheon is a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. Yeongcheon is located 350 km southeast of Seoul, in the southeast of North Gyeongsang Province and it is on the Gyeongbu Expressway linking Seoul and Busan, and is also the junction of the Jungang and Daegu railway lines. City bird, pigeon City flower, rose City tree, ginkgo As a rural city, the most well-known crop is the grape, which is generally large, seeded and often peeled before consuming. The Bohyeon Mountain Starlight Festival takes place in summer and is centered in the Bohyeon Mountain Observatory, in late summer, the Grape Festival takes place, hosting events such as the Miss Grape contest and a grape-eating competition. Notable individuals born in the city include Goryeo period general Choe Mu-seon, also, it was the hometown of Paek Gun Sang, a tremendous Korean War veteran, who led himself to a high government position without being paid any kind of salary during the Korean War. Tourists to Yeongcheon are few, but popular destinations include Eunhaesa Temple, the War Memorial Park, Cyan Art Gallery, Yeongcheon Dam, the Jeong Sowon and Gatbawi
8.
Gyeongsan
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Gyeongsan is a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. Its western border abuts the city of Daegu, and much of Gyeongsan lies within the Daegu metropolitan area. Numerous universities are located in Gyeongsan, such as Yeungnam University, Daegu University, Catholic University of Daegu, the city flower is the magnolia which grows well even in poor soil conditions. The city bird is the magpie and its clear song reflects the bright and hopeful spirits of citizens. The city tree is the ginkgo and it symbolizes the constant prosperity, perseverance and elegant traits of Gyeongsan citizens. Gyeongsan was the host for the 38th International Chemistry Olympiad and it is close to several big cities such as Daegu, Ulsan, Busan and many other places. The climate is mild because of its southern location, however, being landlocked makes its climate continental. The amount of rainfall is less than the yearly rainfall of Korea. List of cities in South Korea City government web site
9.
Daegu
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Daegu is the principal city of the surrounding North Gyeongsang Province. The two areas combined are referred to as Daegu-Gyeongbuk, with a total population of over 5 million. Daegu is located in south-eastern Korea about 80 kilometres from the seacoast, near the Geumho River and its mainstream, the Daegu basin, where the city lies, is the central plain of the Yeongnam region. In ancient times, there was a proto-country named Jinhan, to which the current Daegu area belonged, Later Daegu was part of the Silla Kingdom which unified the Korean Peninsula. During the Joseon Dynasty period, the city was the capital of Gyeongsang-do which was one of the eight provinces of the country. Daegu was a motor of Korea during the 1960s–1980s period and was especially known for its electronics industry. The humid subtropical climate of Daegu is ideal for producing high quality apples, thus the nickname, Daegu is also known as Textile City. Textiles used to be the industry of the city. With the establishment of the Daegu-Gyeongbuk Free Economic Zone, Daegu is currently focusing on fostering fashion, Daegu was the host city of the 22nd World Energy Congress of 2013, the 2011 World Championships in Athletics and the 2003 Summer Universiade. It also hosted four matches in the 2002 FIFA World Cup, Daegu hosts World Masters Indoor Championships on March 19–25,2017. More than 4600 athletes worldwide including 101 athletes from the USA will compete, archaeological investigations in the Greater Daegu area have revealed a large number of settlements and burials of the prehistoric Mumun Pottery Period. In fact, some of the earliest evidence of Mumun settlement in Gyeongsangdo have been excavated from Siji-dong and Seobyeon-dong, Dongcheon-dong is one of the substantial Mumun agricultural villages that have been excavated. The Dongcheon-dong site dates back to the Middle Mumun and contains the remains of many prehistoric pit-houses, megalithic burials have also been found in large numbers in Daegu. It was absorbed into the kingdom of Silla no later than the fifth century, the vestiges of the wall can be seen, and relics have been excavated in the current Dalseong Park. Silla succeeded in unifying the Korean peninsula by defeating the other kingdoms of Baekje and Koguryo in the late 7th century, shortly thereafter, in 689, Sillas King Sinmun considered moving the capital from Gyeongju to Daegu but was unable to do so. The city was given its current name in 757, in the late 1990s archaeologists excavated a large scale fortified Silla site in Dongcheon-dong, Buk-gu. The site at Locality 2 consists of the remains of 39 raised-floor buildings enclosed by a formidable ditch-and-palisade system, the excavators hypothesize that the fortified site was a permanent military encampment or barracks. Archaeologists also uncovered a large Silla village dating to the 6th to 7th centuries AD at Siji-dong, during the Later Three Kingdoms period, 892–936, Daegu was initially aligned with Hubaekje
10.
Gumi, North Gyeongsang
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Gumi is the second largest city in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. It is located on the Nakdong River, half way between Daegu and Gimcheon, also lies on the Gyeongbu Expressway and Gyeongbu Line railway which are the traffic routes of the country. The city is a center of the country with many companies, including Samsung Electronics. The primary industries are electronics, textiles, fibers, rubber, plastic, in Gumi,1,772 companies employ over 80,000 workers. It is the largest scale in Korea, in 2009, the city exported the largest amount in the country and accounted for 96. 9% of trade surplus of Korea in 2000 to 2009. The former President of South Korea, Park Chung-hee was born in the city, in the Three Kingdoms period, Gumi was territory of Silla. The first Silla temple, Dori Temple, was constructed here, more recently, the town was the birthplace of the South Korean president Park Chung-Hee. Not coincidentally, it was during his administration that the South Korean government selected Gumi as a site for industrial development. His birth home is a museum today, Gumi developed rapidly during the 1960s, growing from a small rural town into a large city thanks to huge infusions of development money from the government. It was selected for development for some reasons such as its easy access to transportation infrastructure. The city center of Gumi is divided into 19 dong, or neighborhood units, the hinterland is divided into 6 myeon, or rural areas, and 2 eup, or large villages, Seonsan-eup and Goa-eup. Gumi is homeground for KB Insurance Stars volleyball team and their home stadium is Park Chung-hee Stadium. And the stadium is located in Gwangpyeong-dong, Gumi, Geumo Mountain Provincial Park is a popular hiking destination. The peak at 976 m above sea level is one of the eight spots in the Yeongman area and is the location of the start of the nature preservation campaign in Korea. The park has an amusement area called Geumo Land and the Geumo reservoir, Doesan Cave named after the Buddhist monk Doesan who attained a state of nirvana in the cave. He was a master of the theory of based on topography in the later Shilla dynasty. Daehye Waterfall is 27 m high and is beautiful during the rainy season when there is a lot of water flowing over it. It can be dry during periods without rain and is frozen in winter
11.
Gimcheon
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Gimcheon is a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. It is situated on the land transportation routes between Seoul and Busan, namely the Gyeongbu Expressway and Gyeongbu Line railway. In ancient times, Gimcheon was famous for its three mountains and two rivers, during the Chosun Dynasty, Gimcheon had one out five largest markets in the region. The town has served as the gateway and traffic hub of the Yeongnam region and is particularly proud of its patriots, history. The city brand slogan of Gimcheon city is Central Gimcheon, a recognition of the fact that it is situated almost at the center of Korea, symbols of the city, Bird – Common Heron. The birds build nests in trees and breed from April through July. Dicotyledonous plant, deciduous tree of the order and family. Gymnosperm, strobilaceous evergreen, acicular tree of the tree family. Samhan Period, called Gammun－guk, Jujoma－guk Three kingdoms, Silla united Gammun－guk and Jujoma－guk and established Gammunju Unified Silla, Gimsanhyeon, Jiryehyeon, Eomohyeon and Mupunghyeon were placed. Goryeo Period, Gaeryeonggun was changed into Gaeryeonghyeon, Gimsanhyeon and Jiryehyeon were included into Gyeongsanbu. Joseon Period Gimsanhyeon and Eomohyeon were united into Gimsangun. Jiryehyeon was promoted to Jiryegun,1914 Gimsan, Jirye, Gaeryeonggun and Singokmyeon of Seongju were united into Gimcheongun. 1917, Gimcheonmyeon was promoted to Gimcheon special myeon,1931, Gimcheon special myeon was promoted to Gimcheoneup. 1949, Gimcheoneup was promoted to Gimcheon city, Gimcheongun wa renamed geumneunggun,1983,4 ris of Geumneunggun were included into Gimcheon city. 2 ris of geumneunggun were included into Seonsangun,1998, arrangement of 13-dongs in Gimcheon city into 9-dongs, arrangement of 9-dongs in Gimcheon city into 8-dongs. Gimcheons claim to fame is Jikjisa Temple, located at the foot of Mt. Hwangaksan, the temple was constructed in 418. Jikjisa is an important head temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism and this temple is in perfect harmony with the nearby valley and pine forest. The foliage in fall is particularly breathtaking and it features Birojeon Hall, in which approximately 1,000 Buddha statues are enshrined, along with a thousand year old arrowroot. Iljumun Gate, Daeungjeon Hall and a 1. 63m-tall Seated Stone Buddhist Statue from the Unified Silla Period, Jikjisa is believed to have been first constructed by the Goguryeo monk Ado in the year 418, long before Buddhism gained general acceptance in Silla
12.
Daejeon
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Daejeon is South Koreas fifth-largest metropolis. Daejeon had a population of over 1.5 million in 2010, located in the central region of South Korea, Daejeon serves as a hub of transportation and is at the crossroads of major transport routes. The capital Seoul is about 50 minutes away by high-speed train, Daejeon is one of South Koreas administration hubs with the Daejeon Government Complex. The Korean administration in the 1980s decided to relocate some of its functions from Seoul, Korea Railroad Corporation, Korea Water Resources Corporation, and Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation are also headquartered in the city. Daejeon has earned its name as Asias Silicon Valley and high technology city, the city hosted the Taejon Expo 93 and the International Mathematical Olympiads in 2000. Several important research institutes are based in the city, Daedeok Innopolis is composed of 28 government-funded research institutions, as well as 79 private research institutes with as many as 20,000 researchers. In addition, Daejeon established the World Technopolis Association in 1998 with the view of realizing regional development through international cooperation with world science cities. The WTA has grown to have 67 members from 32 countries, human beings first settled in the Daejeon region during the Stone Age. During the Joseon Kingdom period, it remained occupied by the Hoideok-hyeon and Jinjam-hyeon of Gongju Mokha, in 1895, most of the area was made part of Hoideok-gun and Jinjam-gun, excluding some parts that belonged to Gongju-gun. The Daejeon area was known as Hanbat, a native Korean term for large field. Daejeon simply means the thing in Hanja. Historically, Daejeon was a village without many residents. However, in 1905, the Gyeongbu Railway began operations from Seoul to Busan, in 1926 under the rule of the Japanese government, the Honam Railway was built between Mokpo and Daejeon, transforming the latter into a major transportation hub. Because of its location and proximity to means of transportation, Daejeon grew quickly, in 1932, the capital of Chungnam province was moved from Gongju to Daejeon. During the Korean War, the city was the site of a major conflict. Since then, changes have made to the citys boundaries. Its official names have evolved, as well, among the boundary modifications include one that effectively made the nearby town of Daedeok a part of the city in 1983. Then, in the late 1980s, Daejeon was elevated to the status of Special City, in 1995, all South Korean Special Cities were again renamed as Metropolitan Cities, which is reflected in the current official name of Daejeon, Daejeon Metropolitan City
13.
Cheongju
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Cheongju is the capital and largest city of North Chungcheong Province in South Korea. Cheongju has been an important provincial town since ancient times, during Hideyoshis Invasions of Korea, Cheongju was the site of the Battle of Chongju, during which the Korean forces re-took the city from the Japanese forces in an important early victory. The government of the province relocated here from Chungju in 1908, the opening of the Chungbuk-line in 1926 sparked regional development. In 1946, Cheongju and Cheongwon-gun were separated, and in 1949, geum River goes through right center of Cheongju city. Additionally, the tributaries of Musim and Miho flow together in part of city. To east and west, there are mountains of Wuam and Bumo, musimcheon River goes through the middle of Cheongju city. Cheongju is a zone, so there are four seasons. Sangdangsanseong lies on the slopes of Mt. Uam within the city limits, the fortress is mainly a 3-to-4-metre-tall wall that stretches over 4.2 kilometres in circumference. The present walls date to the 1716 restoration of the site, within the walls lies a small tourist village that has several restaurants. Cheongju National Museum also lies near Mt. Uam, and houses exhibits of cultural artifacts from the nearby area. Heungdeok Temple Site is the home to the Early Printing Museum, and is to be the site of the printing of Jikji, the museum itself contains exhibits related to the art of printing through the ages. Yongdusaji Cheoldanggan is designated Korean National Treasure number 41, and is located near Lotte Department Store in downtown Cheongju, the main train station is located at Ogeunjang approximately 8 km north of the city hall. This station is on the Chungbuk Line, chengju Bus Terminal provides almost all of the bus lines to bus terminals located in other cities. Ticketing time is between 4,00 am and 11,40 pm, Cheongju Express Bus Terminal provides some bus lines for Seoul. Its often held in September or October
14.
Cheonan
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Cheonan is a city located in the northeast corner of South Chungcheong, a province of South Korea, and is 83.6 km south of the capital, Seoul. The average temperature in the city is 12. 5oC, with a high of 34. 2oC. At the Korail station in the center, the Gyeongbu Line crosses north to south. It is also part of Seoul Subway Line 1 and the KTX, land routes open in all directions, including north to Seoul, west to Asan, south to Gwangju and Daejeon, and east to Daegu and Busan. Cheonan’s Samgeori park has been noted as a point of transportation. Cheonan was a small town for much of the early half of the 20th century. As a transportation center, it was the site of an engagement in the Korean War. Then, in 1963 three municipal districts in the area that were growing in size were merged and promoted to the category of si, meaning city, thus the City of Cheonan was born, comprising the populations of Cheonan-gun, Cheonan-eup and Hwanseong-myeon. Over the next two decades, the city grew in size by incorporating neighboring populations, including that of Byeongcheon-myeon in 1973, in 1975 the city renamed 10 branch offices to 10 dongs, representing the major administrative regions of the city. The city continued to expand, absorbing neighboring ri, myeon, in 2002 a city ordinance promoted the northern fringe village of Jiksan-myeon and the southern fringe village of Mokcheon-myeon into Jiksan-eup and Mokcheon-eup. Including all of its regions, the city now covers a total area of 636.25 km2. The city is flanked to the east by the Charyeong Mountains, some of the mountains in the citys vicinity include Malloesan, Seonggeosan, Taejosan, Heukseongsan, Gwangdeoksan, and Manggyeongsan. The city itself is flat, with only a few areas, such as Anseon-dong. The climate of Cheonan is similar to that of neighboring Seoul, Suwon, or Daejeon, Cheonan experiences a four season weather cycle, with moderately high summer temperatures and moderately low temperatures and snowfall in winter. City Tree, Weeping willow City Flower, Golden bell flower City Bird, Dove City Animal, opened on August 15,1987 and made possible by private donations, it is a meant both as a reminder of Korea’s colonial past and as a means of building nationalist spirit. The hall stands on 980 acres of landscaped grounds, as well as the exhibits, visitors can see the Grand Hall of the Nation, the Monument to the Nation, and the Unification Bell. Cheonan’s Postal Museum displays postal artifacts and material dating back to 1884, the entire history of the Korean postal service is on display, complete with photographs and letter carrying paraphernalia. The museum was not constructed here, but rather moved from Seoul in February 2004 to its current home in the Ministry of Information and Communication Officials Training Institute in Cheonan, Gagwonsa Buddhist temple is located on Mt. Taejosan
15.
Anseong
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Anseong is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea,80 kilometres south of Seoul. Its geographical location is 37°0′N 127°16′E, Anseong promotes itself as The City of Masters. It is known for producing brassware and arts and crafts, from late spring to fall, Anseong holds its own Namsadang Neuri Festival. The agriculture of Anseong consists of Asian pears grapes, ginseng, in 1963, Gosam town of Yongin was incorporateded by Anseong. At that time, Anseong was a county, in 1983,6 towns ceded by Anseong and attached as a district of Pyeongtak. In 1998, Anseong county became Anseong city
16.
Osan
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Osan is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea, approximately 35 km south of Seoul. The population of the city is around 200,000, the local economy is supported by a mix of agricultural and industrial enterprises. It is famous for one of the largest markets in South Korea, Osan Market, the United States Air Force base named after the city, Osan AB, is not actually located in the city, but is instead 8 km south, in the Songtan section of Pyeongtaek. Osan Station is a subway station located in the heart of Osan. It is part of the Seoul Subway Line 1 and the KTX, there is a bus terminal next to the subway station and many buses stop in front of the subway station. Osan came to be called by its current name in 1914, at that time it became Osan-myeon, part of Suwon. This name in turn was taken from that of a local stream, however, prior to the Japanese occupation, the name had been rendered in hanja as 鰲山, meaning soft-shelled turtle mountain. Because of the complexity of the 鰲 character, and because crows were abundant in the area, the Japanese changed the name to 烏山, meaning crow mountain. Based on the data created in dec 2011 Hidaka, Saitama, Japan Ürümqi, Peoples Republic of China Killeen, Texas, USA Miami, Florida, USA Kyochon, List of Korea-related topics List of cities in South Korea Geography of South Korea 오산시의 지명 유래
17.
Hwaseong, Gyeonggi
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Hwaseong is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. It has the largest area of farmland of any city or county in Gyeonggi Province, seoul Subway Line 1 passes through Hwaseong, stopping at Byeongjeom Station. On November 27,2007 the city was chosen as the site for the future Universal Studios South Korea theme park, originally set to open in 2016, it will be the worlds largest Universal Studios theme park, being larger than all the other four combined. The USD $3.1 billion park is expected to create at least 58,000 new jobs, in 2014, the project was put on hold. The plan was restarted in 2015, and K-Water was chosen as a business partner, Universal Studios South Korea is projected to open in 2020. Hwaseong city is located in the area of the Korean Peninsula. The temperatures in winter are low along the coast since it is located in the plains and close to the Yellow Sea. Additionally, Siberian air flows directly into the flatlands of the Korean peninsula. Hwaseong is populated by 49% male South Korean citizens, 46% South Korean females, with 236,241 homes, there are on average 2.8 people per registered place of residence in the city. With the exceptions of Byeongjeom 2-dong, Dongtan 2-dong and Dongtan 3-dong, administrative divisions Hwaseong has 4 towns,10 townships and 10 neighborhoods. Each eup and myeon is further divided into villages, in October 2014, Namyang-dong was downgraded to an eup- the first case in South Korea. Many special products are sold in the Hwaseong area that are different from other regions of Gyeonggi-do, there are many facilities that grow products ranging from honey melons to herbs. Additionally, meat and dairy products are also available, hangwa is also made by local companies as a specialty
18.
Yongin
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Yongin is a major city in the Seoul Capital Area, located in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. With a population of nearly 1 million, the city has developed abruptly since the 21st century, Yongin is home to Everland and Caribbean Bay, South Koreas most popular amusement and water parks. The city is home to the Korean Folk Village, the largest of its kind. Yongin is a city almost as large as Seoul by area, consisting of the highly urbanized districts of Suji-gu and Giheung-gu and the semi-urbanized district of Cheoin-gu. The Shinbundang Line with a speed of 110 km/h extended to Suji-gu in January 2016. The Bundang Line extended south to Giheung Station in December 2011, in December 2013, the Bundang Line extended to Suwon Station of Seoul Subway Line 1. The Gyeonggi Suwon International School, an IB World School with a program for foreign students, is situated on the border of Yongin. The city is divided into three gu, Cheoin District Giheung District Suji District Yongin is served by trains on the Seoul Metropolitan Subway. The Bundang Line has been extended into Yongin, calling at Jukjeon, Bojeong, Guseong, Singal, Giheung and Sanggal stations, and it has been extended towards Suwon Station, in Suwon. From 2016 onwards, the inner Suji area will also be served by four new Shinbundang Line stations, Yongin has an intercity bus terminal in the city centre, though the densely settled northern areas are served better by the terminal in Yatap-dong, Seongnam. Although there is evidence of settlement here as far back as the fifth century. Viewing tours are available, which includes traditional games, historical court dress. List of cities in South Korea City government website Yongin, Official Seoul City Tourism
19.
Seongnam
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Seongnam is the second largest city in South Koreas Gyeonggi Province after Suwon and the 10th largest city in the country. Its population is one million. Seongnam is a city of Seoul. It is largely a city located immediately southeast of Seoul. The city featured a network of roads, to Seoul and other major cities, today, Seongnam has merged with the metropolitan network of Seoul. Bundang, one of districts in Seongnam, was developed in the 1990s, Bundang-gu is now home to prominent companies such as KT, Korea Gas Corporation, KEPCO, and Korea Land Corporation. In recent years, a movement to have Seongnam designated a metropolitan city capable of governing itself has arisen, in August 2009, the city of Seongnam decided to merge with the city of Hanam, also in Gyeonggi-do. The city is home to K League football club Seongnam FC. Miscellaneous, Seongnam is divided into 3 gu, Bundang-gu Jungwon-gu Sujeong-gu Nowcom has its headquarters in Bundang, Pangyo Technovalley is the premier industrial complex in Seongnam. Seongnam FC is a football club that currently plays in the K League Classic. The citys only school is Korea International School - Pangyo
20.
Expressways in South Korea
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Expressways in South Korea, officially called as National expressways, were originally numbered in order of construction. S. Highway shields and colored like Interstate shields with red, white and blue, arterial routes are designated by two-digit numbers, with north-south routes having odd numbers, and east-west routes having even numbers. Primary routes have 5 or 0 as their last digit, while secondary routes end in other digits, branch routes have three-digit route numbers, where the first two digits match the route number of an arterial route. Belt lines have three-digit route numbers where the first digit matches the respective citys postal code, Route numbers in the range 70–99 are not used in South Korea, they are reserved for designations in the event of Korean reunification. The Gyeongbu Expressway kept its Route 1 designation, as it is South Koreas first and most important expressway, a numbering scheme of expressways in South Korea changed in 2001. Before 2001, roads are numbered as order of its approval and this list below is the lines by the old scheme. Note that name, origin and terminus of lines are changed with numbering scheme. Since June 1,1972, all motorcycles except police motorcycles are prohibited from driving on expressways in South Korea, before 1972, motorcycles with an engine displacement greater than 250 cc were permitted on expressways. Since March 15,1992, all motorcycles except police motorcycles have been banned from other roads designated for motor vehicles only. These roads are marked by a blue sign with a white silhouette of a car. Highway system in South Korea National highways of South Korea Local highways of South Korea Motorways of North Korea MOLIT – South Korean Government Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport
21.
Hangul
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The Korean alphabet, known as Hangul in South Korea and as Chosŏngŭl/Chosŏn Muntcha in North Korea is the alphabet that has been used to write the Korean language since the 15th century. It was created during the Joseon Dynasty in 1443 by King Sejong the Great, in South Korea, Hangul is used primarily to write the Korean language as using Hanja in typical Korean writing had fallen out of common usage during the late 1990s. In its classical and modern forms, the alphabet has 19 consonant and 21 vowel letters, however, instead of being written sequentially like the letters of the Latin alphabet, Hangul letters are grouped into blocks, such as 한 han, each of which transcribes a syllable. That is, although the syllable 한 han may look like a single character, each syllabic block consists of two to six letters, including at least one consonant and one vowel. These blocks are arranged horizontally from left to right or vertically from top to bottom. Each Korean word consists of one or more syllables, hence one or more blocks, of the 11,172 possible Hangul syllables, the most frequent 256 have a cumulative frequency of 88. 2%, with the top 512, it reaches 99. 9%. The modern name Hangul was coined by Ju Sigyeong in 1912, han meant great in archaic Korean, and geul is the native Korean word for script. Taken together, then, the meaning is great script, as the word han had also become one way of indicating Korea as a whole the name could also potentially be interpreted as Korean script. Korean 한글 is pronounced, and in English as /ˈhɑːn. ɡʊl/ or /ˈhɑːŋɡʊl/, when used as an English word, it is often rendered without the diacritics, hangul, and it is often capitalized as Hangul, as it appears in many English dictionaries. Hankul in the Yale romanization, a system recommended for technical linguistic studies, North Koreans call it Chosŏngŭl, after Chosŏn, the North Korean name for Korea. Because of objections to the names Hangeul, Chosŏngŭl, and urigeul by Koreans in China, until the early 20th century, Hangul was denigrated as vulgar by the literate elite, who preferred the traditional hanja writing system. They gave it such names as these, Achimgeul, in the original Hanja, it is rendered as 故智者不終朝而會，愚者可浹旬而學。 Gugmun Eonmun Amgeul. Am is a prefix that signifies a noun is feminine Ahaetgeul or Ahaegeul Hangul was promulgated by Sejong the Great, the Hall of Worthies, a group of scholars who worked with Sejong to develop and refine the new alphabet, is often credited for the work. The project was completed in late December 1443 or January 1444, the publication date of the Hunmin Jeong-eum, October 9, became Hangul Day in South Korea. Its North Korean equivalent, Chosongul Day, is on January 15, various speculations about the creation process were put to rest by the discovery in 1940 of the 1446 Hunmin Jeong-eum Haerye. This document explains the design of the consonant letters according to articulatory phonetics, to assuage this problem, King Sejong created the unique alphabet known as Hangul to promote literacy among the common people. However, it entered popular culture as Sejong had intended, being used especially by women, the late 16th century, however, saw a revival of Hangul, with gasa literature and later sijo flourishing. In the 17th century, Hangul novels became a major genre, by this point spelling had become quite irregular
22.
Hanja
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Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. Borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation, hanja-mal or hanja-eo refers to words that can be written with hanja, and hanmun refers to Classical Chinese writing, although hanja is sometimes used loosely to encompass these other concepts. Because hanja never underwent major reform, they are almost entirely identical to traditional Chinese, only a small number of hanja characters are modified or unique to Korean. By contrast, many of the Chinese characters currently in use in Japan and Mainland China have been simplified, and contain fewer strokes than the corresponding hanja characters. Today, a working knowledge of Chinese characters is still important for anyone who wishes to study older texts. Learning a certain number of hanja is very helpful for understanding the etymology of Sino-Korean words, hanja are not used to write native Korean words, which are always rendered in hangul, and even words of Chinese origin—hanja-eo —are written with the hangul alphabet most of the time. A major motivation for the introduction of Chinese characters into Korea was the spread of Buddhism, the major Chinese text that introduced hanja to Koreans, however, was not a religious text but the Chinese text, Cheonjamun. One way of adapting hanja to write Korean in such systems was to represent native Korean grammatical particles, for example, Gugyeol uses the characters 爲尼 to transcribe the Korean word hăni, in modern Korean, that means does, and so. However, in Chinese, the characters are read as the expression wéi ní. This is an example of Gugyeol words where the radical is read in Korean for its meaning. Hanja was the means of writing Korean until King Sejong the Great promoted the invention of hangul in the 15th century. However, even after the invention of hangul, most Korean scholars continued to write in hanmun and it was not until the 20th century that hangul truly replaced hanja. Officially, hanja has not been used in North Korea since June 1949, additionally, many words borrowed from Chinese have been replaced in the North with native Korean words. However, there are a number of Chinese-borrowed words in widespread usage in the North. The replacement has been less total in South Korea where, although usage has declined over time, some remains in common usage in some contexts. Each hanja is composed of one of 214 radicals plus in most cases one or more additional elements, the vast majority of hanja use the additional elements to indicate the sound of the character, but a few hanja are purely pictographic, and some were formed in other ways. This dual meaning-sound reading of a character is called eumhun, the word or words used to denote the meaning are often—though hardly always—words of native Korean origin, and are sometimes archaic words no longer commonly used. South Korean primary schools abandoned the teaching of hanja in 1971 and it is taught in separate courses in South Korean high schools, separately from the normal Korean-language curriculum
23.
South Korea
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South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea, is a sovereign state in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The earliest Korean pottery dates to 8000 BC, with three kingdoms flourishing in the 1st century BC and its rich and vibrant culture left 19 UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritages of Humanity, the third largest in the world, along with 12 World Heritage Sites. Annexed into Imperial Japan in 1910, Korea was divided after its surrender in 1945, peace has since mostly continued with the two agreeing to work peacefully for reunification and the South solidifying peace as a regional power with the worlds 10th largest defence budget. South Koreas tiger economy soared at an average of 10% for over 30 years in a period of rapid transformation called the Miracle on the Han River. A long legacy of openness and focus on innovation made it successful, today, it is the worlds fifth largest exporter with the G20s largest budget surplus and highest credit rating of any country in East Asia. It has free trade agreements with 75% of the economy and is the only G20 nation trading freely with China, the US. Since 1988, its constitution guarantees a liberal democracy with high government transparency, high personal freedoms led to the rise of a globally influential pop culture such as K-pop and K-drama, a phenomenon called the Korean Wave, known for its distinctive fashionable and trendy style. Home of the UN Green Climate Fund and GGGI, South Korea is a leader in low carbon growth, committed to helping developing countries as a major DAC. It is the third least ignorant country in the Index of Ignorance, ranking eighth highest for peaceful tolerance. It is the worlds largest spender on R&D per GDP, leading the OECD in graduates in science, the name Korea derives from the name Goryeo. The name Goryeo itself was first used by the ancient kingdom of Goguryeo in the 5th century as a form of its name. The 10th-century kingdom of Goryeo succeeded Goguryeo, and thus inherited its name, the modern spelling of Korea first appeared in the late 17th century in the travel writings of the Dutch East India Companys Hendrick Hamel. After Goryeo was replaced by Joseon in 1392, Joseon became the name for the entire territory. The new official name has its origin in the ancient country of Gojoseon, in 1897, the Joseon dynasty changed the official name of the country from Joseon to Daehan Jeguk. The name Daehan, which means great Han literally, derives from Samhan, however, the name Joseon was still widely used by Koreans to refer to their country, though it was no longer the official name. Under Japanese rule, the two names Han and Joseon coexisted, there were several groups who fought for independence, the most notable being the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. Following the surrender of Japan, in 1945, the Republic of Korea was adopted as the name for the new country. Since the government only controlled the part of the Korean Peninsula
24.
Korean language
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It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture and Changbai Korean Autonomous County of the Peoples Republic of China. Approximately 80 million people worldwide speak Korean and this implies that Korean is not an isolate, but a member of a small family. There is still debate on whether Korean and Japanese are related with each other, the Korean language is agglutinative in its morphology and SOV in its syntax. A relation of Korean with Japonic languages has been proposed by linguists like William George Aston, Chinese characters arrived in Korea together with Buddhism during the pre-Three Kingdoms period. Mainly privileged elites were educated to read and write in hanja, however, today, the hanja are largely unused in everyday life, but in South Korea they experience revivals on artistic works and are important in historic and/or linguistic studies of Korean. Since the Korean War, through 70 years of separation, North–South differences have developed in standard Korean, including variations in pronunciation, verb inflection, the Korean names for the language are based on the names for Korea used in North Korea and South Korea. In South Korea, the Korean language is referred to by names including hanguk-eo Korean language, hanguk-mal, Korean speech and uri-mal. In hanguk-eo and hanguk-mal, the first part of the word, hanguk, refers to the Korean nation while -eo and -mal mean language and speech, Korean is also simply referred to as guk-eo, literally national language. This name is based on the same Chinese characters meaning nation + language that are used in Taiwan and Japan to refer to their respective national languages. In North Korea and China, the language is most often called Chosŏn-mal, or more formally, the English word Korean is derived from Goryeo, which is thought to be the first dynasty known to Western countries. Korean people in the former USSR refer to themselves as Koryo-saram and Goryeo In, the majority of historical and modern linguists classify Korean as a language isolate. Such factors of typological divergence as Middle Mongolians exhibition of gender agreement can be used to argue that a relationship with Altaic is unlikely. Sergei Anatolyevich Starostin found about 25% of potential cognates in the Japanese–Korean 100-word Swadesh list, a good example might be Middle Korean sàm and Japanese asa, meaning hemp. Also, the doublet wo meaning hemp is attested in Western Old Japanese and it is thus plausible to assume a borrowed term. Among ancient languages, various relatives of Korean have been proposed. Some classify the language of Jeju Island as a distinct modern Koreanic language, Other famous theories are the Dravido-Korean languages theory and the mostly unknown southern-theory which suggest an Austronesian relation. Korean is spoken by the Korean people in North Korea and South Korea and by the Korean diaspora in countries including the Peoples Republic of China, the United States, Japan. Korean-speaking minorities exist in these states, but because of cultural assimilation into host countries, Korean is the official language of South Korea and North Korea
25.
Asian Highway Network
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Agreements have been signed by 32 countries to allow the highway to cross the continent and also reach to Europe. Some of the taking part in the highway project are India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, China, Iran, Japan, South Korea. Most of the funding comes from the larger, more advanced Asian nations like Japan, India, the project aims to make maximum use of the continents existing highways to avoid the construction of newer ones, except in cases where missing routes necessitate their construction. Non-coastal areas, which are negligible, are the other beneficiaries. However, in the mid-2000s some transportation experts were sceptical about the viability of the given the economic. The Asian Highway Network is going to take over 2 projects, one is the AH45, AH 45A is the new highway all over Asia from Tonghua to Sanaa. The AH project was initiated by the United Nations in 1959 with the aim of promoting the development of road transport in the region. During the first phase of the considerable progress was achieved, however. ESCAP has conducted several projects in cooperation with AH member countries step by step after the endorsement of ALTID in 1992, during the 60th session of the ESCAP Commission at Shanghai, China, in April 2004, the IGA treaty was signed by 23 countries. By 2013,29 countries had ratified the agreement, route AH1 is proposed to extend from Tokyo to the border with Bulgaria west of Istanbul and Edirne, passing through both Koreas, China and other countries in Southeast, Central and South Asia. The corridor is expected to improve links between East Asian countries, India and Russia. To complete the route, existing roads will be upgraded and new roads constructed to link the network, uS$25 billion has been spent or committed as of 2007, with additional US$18 billion needed for upgrades and improvements to 26,000 km of highway. The project new highway route numbers begin with AH, standing for Asian Highway, followed by one, single-digit route numbers from 1 to 9 are assigned to major Asian Highway routes which cross more than one subregion. Route numbers are printed in the Latin script and Hindu-Arabic numerals and may simply be added to existing signage, like the E-road network. The actual design of the signs has not been standardized, only that the letters and digits are in white or black, most examples feature a blue rectangular shield with a white inscription with further examples of white on green and black on white rectangular shields. What is believed to be the first car crossing of the extent of the new Asian Highway was achieved by Britons Richard Meredith. Eurowatch in London provided independent corroboration by tracking the location from satellite position reports. Meredith, a author and veteran of distance-driving events, agreed to make the attempt after attending the Asian Highway Treatys coming into force ceremony in Bangkok on July 4,2005
26.
Seoul
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The Seoul Capital Area houses up to half of the countrys population of 50.22 million people with 678,102 international residents. Situated on the Han River, Seouls history stretches back more than two years when it was founded in 18 BCE by Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. It continued as the capital of Korea under the Joseon Dynasty, the Seoul Capital Area contains five UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Changdeok Palace, Hwaseong Fortress, Jongmyo Shrine, Namhansanseong and the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty. Seoul is surrounded by mountains, the tallest being Mt. Bukhan, in 2015, it was rated Asias most livable city with the second highest quality of life globally by Arcadis. In 2014, the citys GDP per capita of $39,786 was comparable to that of France and Finland. Ranked sixth in the Global Power City Index and Global Financial Centres Index, Seoul is the worlds most wired city and ranked first in technology readiness by PwCs Cities of Opportunity report. It is served by the KTX high-speed rail and the Seoul Subway, providing 4G LTE, WiFi, Seoul is connected via AREX to Incheon International Airport, rated the worlds best airport nine years in a row by Airports Council International. Lotte World Tower, a 556-metre supertall skyscraper with 123 floors, has built in Seoul and become the OECDs tallest in 2016. Its Lotte Cinema houses the worlds largest cinema screen, Seouls COEX Mall is the worlds largest underground shopping mall. Seoul hosted the 1986 Asian Games,1988 Summer Olympics,2002 FIFA World Cup, the Miss Universe 1980 pageant, a UNESCO City of Design, Seoul was named the 2010 World Design Capital. The city has known in the past by the names Wirye-seong, Hanju. During Japans annexation in Korea, Hanseong was renamed to Keijō by the Imperial authorities to prevent confusion with the hanja 漢, in reality, the ancient name of Seoul, Hanseong, originally had the meaning of big or vast. Its current name originated from the Korean word meaning city, which is believed to be derived from the word Seorabeol, which originally referred to Gyeongju. Unlike most place names in Korea, Seoul has no corresponding hanja, on January 18,2005, Seoul government officially changed its official Chinese language name to Shouer from the historic Hancheng, of which use is becoming less common. Settlement of the Han River area, where present-day Seoul is located, Seoul is first recorded as Wiryeseong, the capital of Baekje in the northeastern Seoul area. There are several city walls remaining in the area date from this time. Pungnaptoseong, a wall just outside Seoul, is widely believed to have been at the main Wiryeseong site. As the Three Kingdoms competed for this region, control passed from Baekje to Goguryeo in the 5th century
27.
Suwon
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Suwon is the capital and largest metropolis of Gyeonggi-do, South Koreas most populous province which surrounds Seoul, the national capital. Suwon lies about 30 kilometres south of Seoul and it is traditionally known as The City of Filial Piety. With a population close to 1.2 million, it is larger than Ulsan, Suwon has existed in various forms throughout Koreas history, growing from a small settlement to become a major industrial and cultural center. It is the remaining completely walled city in South Korea. The city walls are one of the popular tourist destinations in Gyeonggi Province. Samsung Electronics R&D center and headquarters are based in Suwon, the city is served by two motorways, the national railway network, and the Seoul Metropolitan Subway. Suwon is an educational center, home to 11 universities. Suwon is home to football club Suwon Samsung Bluewings, which have won the K-league on four occasions, the KT Wiz of the Korea Baseball Organization also plays in Suwon. In ancient tribal times, Suwon was known as Mosu-guk, during the Three Kingdoms era, however, the area comprising modern Suwon and Hwaseong City was called Maehol-gun. In 757, under King Gyeongdeok of the Unified Silla, the name was changed to Suseong-gun, in 940 during the Goryeo dynasty] changed again in to Suju. King Taejong of the Joseon dynasty renamed the city to Suwon in 1413, in 1592, during the Imjin wars, Commander Yi Kwang attempted to launch his army toward the capital city, Seoul. The army was withdrawn, however, after news that the city had already been sacked reached the commander, later, during the Joseon Dynasty, King Jeongjo made an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to make Suwon the nations capital in 1796. The walls were one of Koreas first examples of paid labour, the walls still exist today, though they were damaged severely during the Korean War. Hwaseong originally was constructed under the guidance of philosopher Jeong Yag-yong, shortly after the death of King Jeongjo, a white paper detailing the construction of the fortress was published. This proved invaluable during its reconstruction in the 1970s, the fortress walls once encircled the entire city, but modern urban growth has seen the city spread out far beyond the fortress. The walls are now a designated UNESCO World Heritage site, the Korean War greatly affected Suwon, as the city changed hands four times. Very shortly after the outbreak of war, the 49th Fighter Wing of the United States Air Force was dispatched to Korea from Japan and its first task was to evacuate civilians from Suwon and Gimpo, but Suwon soon fell to the advancing North Koreans. Shortly before the Battle of Osan, the first conflict between United States and North Korean forces, on July 4,1950, defenses were erected on the road between Suwon and nearby Osan, the next day, Northern troops advanced south
28.
Busan
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Busan, officially Busan Metropolitan City, romanized as Pusan before 2000, is South Koreas second most-populous city after Seoul, with a population of approximately 3.6 million. The population of the area, including the adjacent cities of Gimhae. The city is located on the southeastern-most tip of the Korean peninsula, located within South Koreas largest industrial area, The Southeast Economic Zone, the city is the cultural, educational and economic center of the region. It is the largest port city in South Korea and the fifth busiest seaport by cargo tonnage. The most densely built up areas of the city are situated in a number of narrow valleys between the Nakdong River and the Suyeong River, with mountains separating most of the districts, administratively, it is designated as a Metropolitan City. The Busan metropolitan area is divided into 15 major administrative districts, Busan was the host city of the 2002 Asian Games and the APEC2005 Korea. It was also one of the host cities for the 2002 FIFA World Cup, on November 14,2005, the city authorities officially announced its bid to host the 2020 Summer Olympics Games. After Pyeongchangs successful bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics, Busan is considering bidding to host the 2028 or 2032 Summer Olympics, Busan has Koreas largest beach and longest river, and is home to the worlds largest department store, the Shinsegae Centum City. Geochilsan-guk existed in the second and 3rd and 4th centuries as a chiefdom of Jinhan and it was absorbed by Silla and renamed Geochilsan-gun. The word Geochilsan means rough mountain, probably referring to Hwangbyeongsan, the mounded burials of Bokcheon-dong were built along the top of a ridge that overlooks a wide area that makes up parts of modern-day Dongnae-gu and Yeonje-gu. Archaeologists excavated more than 250 iron weapons and ingots from Burial No,38, a wooden chamber tomb at Bokcheon-dong. In 757, Geochilsan-gun was again renamed Dongnae, which it is still called, from the beginning of the 15th century, the Korean government designated Busan as a trading port with the Japanese and allowed their settlement. Other Japanese settlements in Ulsan and Jinhae diminished later, but the Busan settlement, called Waegwan at the time, after the war, diplomatic relations with the new shogunate in Japan were established in 1607, and Busan Waegwan was permitted to be reconstructed. The Japanese settlement, though relocated into Choryang later, continued to exist until Korea was exposed to modern diplomacy in 1876, in 1876, Busan became the first international port in Korea. During the Japanese rule, Busan developed into a hub trading port with Japan, Busan was the only city in Korea to adopt the steam tramway before electrification was introduced in 1924. During the Korean War, Busan was one of two cities in South Korea not captured by the North Korean army within the first three months of the War. As a result, the city became a camp site for Koreans during the war. As Busan was one of the few areas in Korea that remained under the control of South Korea throughout the Korean War, UN troops established a defensive perimeter around the city known as the Pusan Perimeter in the summer and autumn of 1950
29.
Park Chung-hee
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Park Chung-hee was a South Korean president and military general who led South Korea as a dictator from 1961 until his assassination in 1979. In 1972, Park declared martial law and recast the constitution into a highly authoritarian document, after surviving several assassination attempts, including two operations associated with North Korea, Park was assassinated on 26 October 1979 by Kim Jae-gyu, the chief of his own security services. He had led South Korea for 18 years, Parks first-born daughter, Park Geun-hye, later served as the 11th President of South Korea until her impeachment. Park was born on 14 November 1917, in Gumi, North Gyeongsang in Korea under Japanese rule, to parents Park Sung-bin and he was the youngest of five brothers and two sisters in a poor Yangban family. As a youth, he won admission to a school in Daegu and worked as a teacher in Mungyeong-eup after graduating with a teaching degree. During this time, he adopted the Japanese name Takagi Masao and he graduated top of his class in 1942 and was recognized as a talented officer by his Japanese instructors, who recommended him for further studies at the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in Japan. He changed his name again from Takagi Masao to Okamoto Minoru in order to engage in activities against Korean guerrillas operating in the region. The Japanese used Korean turncoats to suppress Korean armed resistance, Park returned to Korea after the war and enrolled at the Korea Military Academy. He graduated in the class of 1946 and became an officer in the constabulary army under the United States Army Military Government in South Korea. The newly established South Korean government, under the leadership of Syngman Rhee, Park was subsequently sentenced to death by a military court, but his sentence was commuted by Rhee at the urging of several high-ranking Korean military officers. While Park had been a member of the South Korean Workers Party, nevertheless, he was forced out of the army. After the Korean War began and with help from Paik Sun-Yup and he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in September 1950 and to colonel in April 1951. As a colonel, Park was the deputy director of the Army Headquarters Intelligence Bureau in 1952 before switching to artillery, by the time the war ended in 1953, Park had risen to become a brigadier general. After the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement, Park was selected for training at Fort Sill in the United States. After returning to Korea, Park rose rapidly in the military hierarchy and he was the head of the Armys Artillery School and commanded the 5th and 7th Divisions of the South Korean army before his promotion to major general in 1958. Park was then appointed Chief of Staff of the First Army and made the head of the Korean 1st and 6th District Command, which gave him responsibility for the defense of Seoul. In 1960, Park became commander of the Pusan Logistics Command before becoming Chief of the Operations Staff of the South Korean Army, as such, he was one of the most powerful and influential figures in the military. On 25 April 1960, Syngman Rhee, the authoritarian inaugural President of South Korea, was forced out of office and into exile following the April 19 Movement, a new democratic government took office on 13 August 1960
30.
High-occupancy vehicle lane
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The normal minimum occupancy level is 2 or 3 occupants. Regional and corporate-sponsored vanpools, carpools, and rideshare communities give commuters a way to increase occupancy, for places without such services, online rideshare communities can serve a similar purpose. Slugging lines are common in places, where solo drivers pick up a passenger to share the ride. High-occupancy toll lanes have been introduced in the United States to allow solo driver vehicles to use the lane on payment of a variable fee, the introduction of HOV lanes in the United States progressed slowly during the 1970s and early 1980s. Major growth occurred from the mid-1980s to the late 1990s, the busway was opened in December 1973 to carpools with four or more occupants, becoming the first instance in which buses and carpools officially shared a HOV lane over a considerable distance. Average travel time in the HOV facility was 29 minutes, and 64 minutes in the traffic lanes. Three or more people in a vehicle are required to travel on the facility during rush hours on weekdays, the second freeway HOV facility was the contraflow bus lane on the Lincoln Tunnel Approach and Helix in Hudson County, New Jersey, opened in 1970. The first permanent HOV facility in California was the lane at the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge toll plaza. The El Monte Busway in Los Angeles was initially available for buses when it opened in 1973. Three-person carpools were allowed to use the bus lane for three months in 1974 due to a strike by bus operators, and then permanently at a 3+ HOV from 1976. Beginning in the 1970s, the Urban Mass Transit Administration recognized the advantages of exclusive bus lanes, in the 1970s the FHWA began to allow state highway agencies to spend federal funds on HOV lanes. As a result of the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo, interest in ridesharing picked up, the 1978 Surface Transportation Assistance Act made funding for rideshare initiatives permanent. Also during the early 1970s, ridesharing was recommended for the first time as a tool to mitigate air quality problems, the 1970 Clean Air Act Amendments established the National Ambient Air Quality Standards and gave the Environmental Protection Agency substantial authority to regulate air quality attainment. However, it took until 1985 before any HOV project was constructed in Los Angeles County, regional administrators were directed to promote HOV lanes and related facilities. Also in the early 1990s, two laws reinforced the U. S. commitment to HOV lane construction, the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 included HOV lanes as one of the transportation control measures that could be included in state implementation plans to attain federal air quality standards. CMAQ funds may be spent on new HOV lane construction, even if the HOV designation holds only at peak times or in the peak direction. ISTEA also provided that under the Interstate Maintenance Program, only HOV projects would receive the 90% federal matching ratio formerly available for the addition of general purpose lanes, and ISTEA permitted state authorities to define a high occupancy vehicle as having a minimum of two occupants. As of 2009, California was the state with the most HOV facilities in the country, with 88, followed by Minnesota with 83 facilities, Washington with 41, Texas with 35, and Virginia with 21
31.
Interstate Highway System
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The Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways is a network of controlled-access highways that forms a part of the National Highway System of the United States. The system is named for President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who championed its formation, construction was authorized by the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, and the original portion was completed 35 years later, although some urban routes were cancelled and never built. The network has since been extended and, as of 2013, as of 2013, about one-quarter of all vehicle miles driven in the country use the Interstate system. In 2006, the cost of construction was estimated at about $425 billion, the nations revenue needs associated with World War I prevented any significant implementation of this policy, which expired in 1921. In the plan, Mehren proposed a 50, 000-mile system, the system would include two percent of all roads and would pass through every state at a cost of $25,000 per mile, providing commercial as well as military transport benefits. As the landmark 1916 law expired, new legislation was passed—the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921 and this new road construction initiative once again provided for federal matching funds for road construction and improvement, $75 million allocated annually. The Bureau of Public Roads asked the Army to provide a list of roads that it considered necessary for national defense. A boom in construction followed throughout the decade of the 1920s. As automobile traffic increased, planners saw a need for such a national system to supplement the existing, largely non-freeway. By the late 1930s, planning had expanded to a system of new superhighways, in 1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave Thomas MacDonald, chief at the Bureau of Public Roads, a hand-drawn map of the United States marked with eight superhighway corridors for study. He recognized that the system would also provide key ground transport routes for military supplies. The publication in 1955 of the General Location of National System of Interstate Highways, informally known as the Yellow Book, assisting in the planning was Charles Erwin Wilson, who was still head of General Motors when President Eisenhower selected him as Secretary of Defense in January 1953. The Interstate Highway System was authorized on June 29,1956 by the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, popularly known as the National Interstate, three states have claimed the title of first Interstate Highway. Missouri claims that the first three contracts under the new program were signed in Missouri on August 2,1956, the first contract signed was for upgrading a section of US Route 66 to what is now designated Interstate 44. On August 13,1956, Missouri awarded the first contract based on new Interstate Highway funding, kansas claims that it was the first to start paving after the act was signed. Preliminary construction had taken place before the act was signed, the state marked its portion of I-70 as the first project in the United States completed under the provisions of the new Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956. The Pennsylvania Turnpike could also be considered one of the first Interstate Highways, on October 1,1940,162 miles of the highway now designated I‑70 and I‑76 opened between Irwin and Carlisle. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania refers to the turnpike as the Granddaddy of the Pikes, October 12,1979, The final section of the Canada to Mexico freeway Interstate 5 is dedicated near Stockton, California
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Koreans
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Koreans are an ethnic group native to the whole Korean Peninsula and southeastern Manchuria. Over the course of the 20th century, significant Korean communities have emerged in Australia, Canada, United States and, to a lesser extent, as of 2013, there were an estimated 7.4 million ethnic Korean expatriates around the planet. South Koreans refer to themselves as Hanguk-in, or Hanguk-saram, both of which mean Korean nation people, when referring to members of the Korean diaspora, Koreans often use the term Han-in. North Koreans refer to themselves as Joseon-in or Joseon-saram, both of which literally mean Joseon people, using similar words, Koreans in China refer to themselves as Chaoxianzu in Chinese or Joseonjok in Korean, which are cognates that literally mean Joseon ethnic group. Ethnic Koreans living in Russia and Central Asia refer to themselves as Koryo-saram, alluding to Goryeo, Koreans are the descendants of the peoples that migrated for over 13. 000-7.000 years from Southeast Asia and todays Russian Far East into the Korean Peninsula and southern Manchuria. Later Chinese and other, often said to be Siberian or paleo-Asian tribes migrated into parts of Korea, archaeological evidence suggests that most of the later arriving tribes were migrants from south-central Siberia. During the Four Commanderies of Han some Chinese clans migrated to northern Korea, susumu Ōno, Ki-Moon Lee and Choong-Soon Kim suspect that proto-Dravidian people migrated to Korea and parts of Japan. Susumu Ōno suggest also an Austronesian immigration into the Korean peninsula, the largest concentration of dolmens in the world is found on the Korean Peninsula. In fact, with an estimated 35, 000-100,000 dolmen, Korean males also exhibit a moderate frequency of Haplogroup C-M217. About 2% of Korean males belong to Haplogroup D-M174, the D1b-M55 subclade has been found with maximal frequency in a small sample of the Ainu people of Japan, and is generally frequent throughout the Japanese Archipelago. Haplogroup D4 is the modal haplogroup among Koreans and among Northeast Asians in general. Haplogroup B, which very frequently in many populations of Southeast Asia, Polynesia. Haplogroup A has been detected in approximately 7% to 15% of Koreans, Haplogroup A is the most common mtDNA haplogroup among the Chukchi, Eskimo, Na-Dene, and many Amerind ethnic groups of North and Central America. The language of the Korean people is the Korean language, which uses Hangul as its writing system with some Hanja. There are more than 78 million speakers of the Korean language worldwide, estimating the size, growth rate, sex ratio, and age structure of North Koreas population has been extremely difficult. Until release of data in 1989, the 1963 edition of the North Korea Central Yearbook was the last official publication to disclose population figures. After 1963 demographers used varying methods to estimate the population, thus, on the basis of remarks made by President Kim Il-sung in 1977 concerning school attendance, the population that year was calculated at 17.2 million persons. During the 1980s, health statistics, including life expectancy and causes of mortality, were made available to the outside world
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Beonyeong-ro (Busan)
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The Beonyeong-ro Road is an urban expressway in Busan, Korea. It is the 1st urban expressway in South Korea and it constructed from May 1977 to October 1980, from Busan Harbor to Guseo IC, on Gyeongbu Expressway, runs north and south and the length is about 15.7 km. It begins at 4th Pier in Dong-gu, Busan and it ends at Guseo IC in Geumjeong-gu and it was toll road but now you can run this road no charge from January 2004. It touches with Gyeongbu Expressway and National Route 7, so you can approach downtown in Busan rapidly. It is on the Asian Highway Network, to south, you can go to Japan by ferry and to north, you can go to Gyeongbu Expressway. Friend was filmed at Chungjang Elevated Road on this road, in Dong-gu, 4th Pier IC Dongcheon Junction Munhyeon IC Daeyeon IC Mangmi IC Wondong IC Geumsa IC Seokdae Elevated Road IC Hoedong JC Guseo IC On Beonyeong-no Road, there are 5 tunnels. Munhyeon Tunnel Daeyeong Tunnel Gwangan Tunnel Suyeong Tunnel Oryun Tunnel You cant run this road by Motorcycle, Moped, Agricultural machinery, Bicycle, Bus routes which use the crossing, Busan Urban Bus 1007, from Wondong IC to Hoedong JC. Intercity bus, Haeundae ~ Busan ~ Osan·Suwon·Ansan·Bucheon - from Wondong IC to Guseo IC
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South Gyeongsang Province
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South Gyeongsang Province is a province in the southeast of South Korea. The provincial capital is at Changwon and it is adjacent to the major metropolitan center and port of Busan. There is UNESCO World Heritage Site Haeinsa, a Buddhist temple that houses the Tripitaka Koreana, automobile and petrochemical factories are largely concentrated along the southern part of the province, extending from Ulsan through Busan, Changwon, and Jinju. The name derives from Korean Gyeongsang, meaning joyous furthermore, from gyeong 경, 慶, meaning happy, the name derives from the names of the principal cities of Gyeongju and Sangju. Before 1895, the corresponding to modern-day Gyeongsangnam-do was part of Gyeongsang Province. In 1895, southern Gyeongsang was replaced by the districts of Jinju in the west, in 1896, they were merged to form Gyeongsangnam-do. The provincial capital was originally at Jinju, it moved in 1925 to Busan, in 1948, Gyeongsangnam-do became part of South Korea. In 1963, Busan separated from Gyeongsangnam-do to become a Directly Governed City, in 1983, the provincial capital moved from Busan to Changwon. In 1995, Busan became a Metropolitan City, and Ulsan separated from Gyeongsangnam-do to become a Metropolitan City in 1997. The province is part of the Yeongnam region, on the north by Gyeongsangbuk-do province, on the west Jeollabuk-do and Jeollanam-do provinces, most of the province is drained by the Nakdong River and its tributaries. The total area of the province is 10,533 square kilometres, the Nakdong delta plain around Gimhae is one of the best granaries in South Korea. Agricultural products form Gyeongsangnam-do include rice, beans, potatoes, the area is renowned for its cotton, sesame, and fruits which are grown along the southern seaside. A number of products are caught. The province is one of the countrys leading fisheries, the largest cities in the region are Busan and Ulsan, which are separately administered as provincial-level Metropolitan Cities. Apart from the capital Changwon, other large or notable cities include Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do is the home of Haeinsa, a Buddhist temple that houses the Tripitaka Koreana and attracts many tourists. It is in the park around Jirisan on the border with Jeollabuk-do. The temple was first built in 802, changnyeong county contains three major tourist attractions for the province, Upo wetland, Bugok natural hotsprings, and Hwawang mountain. Gyeongsangnam-do is divided into 8 cities and 10 counties, the names below are given in English, hangul, and hanja
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Jungang Expressway Branch
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The Jungang Expressway Branch is an expressway in South Korea. It connects Gimhae to Yangsan of South Gyeongsang Province, the expressways route number is 551. It link Namhae Expressway and Gyeongbu Expressway, and doesnt have any Service Area
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North Gyeongsang Province
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North Gyeongsang Province, also known as Gyeongbuk, is a province in eastern South Korea. The province was formed in 1896 from the half of the former Gyeongsang province, remained a province of Korea until the countrys division in 1945. Daegu was the capital of North Gyeongsang Province between 1896 and 1981, but has not been a part of the province since 1981, in 2016, the provincial capital moved from Daegu to Andong. The area of the province is 19,030 square kilometres,19. 1% of the area of South Korea. The province is part of the Yeongnam region, on the south by Gyeongsangnam-do, on the west by Jeollabuk-do and Chungcheongbuk-do Provinces, during the summer, Gyeongsangbuk-do is perhaps the hottest province in South Korea. This is helped by the fact that the province is surrounded by mountains, the Taebaek Mountains in the east. Gyeongsangbuk-do is the homeland of the kingdom of Silla and has retained much of its cultural tradition. A number of artists, political leaders and scholars have come from the province, according to the census of 2005, of the people of North Gyeongsang 33. 9% follow Buddhism and 18. 6% follow Christianity. 47. 5% of the population is not religious or follow Muism. Gyeongsangbuk-do is divided into 10 cities and 13 counties, the names below are given in English, hangul, and hanja. List of Korea-related topics Liancourt Rocks Gyeongsangbuk-do provincial government in English Alsace/Gyeongsangbuk-do North Gyeongsang Province travel guide from Wikivoyage
National Route 7
National Route 47.svg){kind=small}
Yangjae-Hannam Motorway (from Yangjae IC to Hannam IC)
Byeonyeong-ro
Busan Ring Expressway
Jungang Expressway Branch
National Route 35
Ulsan Expressway
[1])
National Route 20
National Route 4
Jungang Expressway
Iksan-Pohang Expressway
National Route 5
Jungbu Naeryuk Expressway Branch
Local Route 79
National Route 33
Jungbu Naeryuk Expressway
Tongyeong-Daejeon Expressway
Daejeon Southern Ring Expressway
National Route 17
Dangjin-Yeongdeok Expressway
Honam Expressway Branch
National Route 36
Asan-Cheongju Expressway
National Route 21
Nonsan-Cheonan Expressway
National Route 1
National Route 34
National Route 38
Pyeongtaek–Jecheon Expressway
Capital Region 2nd Ring Expressway
Suwon-Munsan Expressway
National Route 43
National Route 42
Yeongdong Expressway
Seoul Ring Expressway
