Haplogroup N (mtDNA)
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Haplogroup N is a human mitochondrial DNA clade. A macrohaplogroup, its descendant lineages are distributed across many continents. Like its sibling macrohaplogroup M, macrohaplogroup N is a descendan
Suggested routes of the initial settlement of Europe based on mtDNA haplogroups M and N, Metspalu et al. 2004. A major population split near the Persian Gulf would explain the ubiquity of Haplogroup N and the absence of Haplogroup M in West Eurasia
Haplogroup L3
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Haplogroup L3 is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup. The clade has played a pivotal role in the early dispersal of anatomically modern humans.
Haplogroup N (mtDNA)
…macrohaplogroup, its descendant lineages are distributed across many continents. Like its sibling macrohaplogroup M, macrohaplogroup N is a descendant of the haplogroup L3. All mtDNA haplogroups found outside of Africa are descendants of either haplogroup N or its sibling haplogroup M. M and N are the signature maternal…
Proposed migration route depicting the origin of L3 in Africa and its dispersal both out of and within the continent, with two possible models (as depicted by Vai et al.) (a) Haplogroup N differentiates from L3 in Africa, with a subsequent spread out of Africa, and differentiation of haplogroup M from L3 outside Africa. (b) Haplogroups M and N diverge from L3 outside Africa after the expansion of L3 from the continent; later migrations during the Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic led some lineages back to North Africa. (Haplogroups are indicated in black circles in their probable area of origin.)
Proposed migration route according to the Asian origin hypothesis (Cabrera et al.). a: Exit of the L3 precursor to Eurasia. b: Return to Africa and expansion to Asia of basal L3 lineages with subsequent differentiation in both continents.